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Polyphenols and Cancer Prevention
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Polyphenols and Cancer Prevention

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2022) | Viewed by 11952

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sergio Granados-Principal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
Interests: breast cancer; natural compounds; polyphenols; antioxidants; chemoprevention; cancer stem cells; chemotherapy; tumor resistance; metastasis; targeted therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polyphenols are a heterogeneous and abundant naturally occurring compounds which are present in a variety of plants, and their food derivatives, like vegetables, trees, fruits, whole grains, legumes, beverages, oils, nuts, algae, and even fungi. These bioactive molecules, and their metabolites, have been extensively addressed in research by their protective role against chronic diseases including cancer. Such ability of polyphenolic compounds on cancer prevention is attributed to a wide range of activities (including antioxidant capacity, modulation of numerous signaling pathways like TGFβ/SMADs, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt, or NF-κB, or interaction with microbiota) that promote genome stability, strengthen immune system, reduce inflammation, cell senescence, among other responses that positively influence in the prevention of cancer appearance.     

The topics of this special issue of Nutrients include, although not limited to, relevant research of plant polyphenols, as well as their metabolites, food derivatives, and extracts, on modulating (positively/negatively) the effects mediated by any factor that may promote or prevent cancer (environment, lifestyle, genetic predisposition…), including alterations on immune system, tissue microenvironment, and interaction with microbiota. Polyphenols from different origin, other than plants, will also be considered.   

Dr. Sergio Granados-Principal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polyphenols
  • metabolites 
  • bioactive compounds 
  • mediterranean diet
  • cancer prevention
  • risk factors 
  • immunomodulation
  • tissue microenvironment
  • microbiota

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 321 KiB  
Article
Flavonoid Intake in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk and Blood Bacterial DNA
by Michela Carola Speciani, Marcello Cintolo, Mirko Marino, Maya Oren, Federica Fiori, Giorgio Gargari, Patrizia Riso, Clorinda Ciafardini, Federica Mascaretti, Maria Parpinel, Aldo Airoldi, Marcello Vangeli, Pierfrancesco Leone, Paolo Cantù, Pagona Lagiou, Cristian Del Bo’, Maurizio Vecchi, Pietro Carnevali, Barbara Oreggia, Simone Guglielmetti, Rossella Bonzi, Giulia Bonato, Monica Ferraroni, Carlo La Vecchia, Roberto Penagini, Massimiliano Mutignani and Marta Rossiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4516; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14214516 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1997
Abstract
Flavonoids have been inversely associated to colorectal cancer (CRC) and are plausible intermediaries for the relation among gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and CRC. We analyzed the relation of flavonoid intake with CRC and blood bacterial DNA. We conducted a case–control study in Italy [...] Read more.
Flavonoids have been inversely associated to colorectal cancer (CRC) and are plausible intermediaries for the relation among gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and CRC. We analyzed the relation of flavonoid intake with CRC and blood bacterial DNA. We conducted a case–control study in Italy involving 100 incident CRC cases and 200 controls. A valid and reproducible food–frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits and to estimate six flavonoid subclass intakes. We applied qPCR and 16S rRNA gene profiling to assess blood bacterial DNA. We used multiple logistic regression to derive odds ratios (ORs) of CRC and Mann–Whitney and chi-–square tests to evaluate abundance and prevalence of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) according to flavonoid intakes. Inverse associations with CRC were found for anthocyanidins (OR for the highest versus the lowest tertile = 0.24, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.11–0.52) and flavanones (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.08–0.42). We found different abundance and prevalence according to anthocyanidin and flavanone intake for OTUs referring to Oligoflexales order, Diplorickettsiaceae family, Staphylococcus, Brevundimonas, Pelomonas and Escherischia–Shigella genera, and Flavobacterium and Legionella species. The study provides evidence to a protective effect of dietary anthocyanidins and flavanones on CRC and suggests an influence of flavonoids on blood bacterial DNA, possibly through intestinal permeability changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols and Cancer Prevention)
13 pages, 1789 KiB  
Article
Piceatannol, a Dietary Polyphenol, Alleviates Adipose Tissue Loss in Pre-Clinical Model of Cancer-Associated Cachexia via Lipolysis Inhibition
by Jonathan C. Kershaw, Bennett D. Elzey, Xiao-Xuan Guo and Kee-Hong Kim
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2306; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14112306 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2328
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is the nutrition-independent loss of lean muscle and adipose tissues, and results in reduced chemotherapy effectiveness and increased mortality. Preventing adipose loss is considered a key target in the early stages of cachexia. Lipolysis is considered the central driver of [...] Read more.
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is the nutrition-independent loss of lean muscle and adipose tissues, and results in reduced chemotherapy effectiveness and increased mortality. Preventing adipose loss is considered a key target in the early stages of cachexia. Lipolysis is considered the central driver of adipose loss in CAC. We recently found that piceatannol, but not its analogue resveratrol, exhibits an inhibitory effect on lipolysis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of piceatannol in cancer-associated lipolysis and cachexia-induced weight loss. Cancer cell-induced lipolysis in adipocytes was stimulated using cancer-conditioned media (CCM) or co-culture with human pancreatic cancer cells and the cachexia-associated cytokines TNF-α and interleukin-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. C26 colon carcinoma-bearing mice were modeled using CAC in vivo. Piceatannol reduced cancer-associated lipolysis by at least 50% in both CCM and cytokine-induced lipolysis in vitro. Further gene and protein analysis confirmed that piceatannol modulated the stability of lipolytic proteins. Moreover, piceatannol protected tumor-bearing mice against weight-loss in early stages of CAC largely through preserving adipose tissue, with no effect on survival. This study demonstrates the use of a dietary compound to preserve adipose in models of early stage CAC and provides groundwork for further investigation of piceatannol or piceatannol-rich foods as alternative medicine in the preservation of body fat mass and future CAC therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols and Cancer Prevention)
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22 pages, 1670 KiB  
Article
EGCG Prevents the Onset of an Inflammatory and Cancer-Associated Adipocyte-like Phenotype in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Response to the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Secretome
by Narjara Gonzalez Suarez, Yuniel Fernandez-Marrero, Sima Torabidastgerdooei and Borhane Annabi
Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1099; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14051099 - 05 Mar 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3280
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells secretome induces a pro-inflammatory microenvironment within the adipose tissue, which hosts both mature adipocytes and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ADMSC). The subsequent acquisition of a cancer-associated adipocyte (CAA)-like phenotype is, however, unknown in ADMSC. While epidemiological studies [...] Read more.
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells secretome induces a pro-inflammatory microenvironment within the adipose tissue, which hosts both mature adipocytes and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ADMSC). The subsequent acquisition of a cancer-associated adipocyte (CAA)-like phenotype is, however, unknown in ADMSC. While epidemiological studies suggest that consuming a polyphenol-rich diet reduces the incidence of some obesity-related cancers, the chemopreventive impact of green tea-derived epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against the cues that trigger the CAA phenotype remain undocumented in ADMSC. Methods: Human ADMSC were exposed to human TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 conditioned media (TNBC cells secretome) supplemented or not with EGCG. Differential gene expression was assessed through RNA-Seq analysis and confirmed by RT-qPCR. Protein expression levels and the activation status of signal transduction pathways mediators were determined by Western blotting. ADMSC chemotaxis was assessed by a real-time cell migration assay. Results: The TNBC cells secretome induced in ADMSC the expression of the CAA cytokines CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, and IL-6, and of immunomodulators COX2, HIF-1α, VEGFα, and PD-L1. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal biomarker Snail was found to control the CAA phenotype. EGCG inhibited the induction of CAA genes and the activation status of Smad2 and NF-κB. The induced chemotactic response was also inhibited by EGCG. Conclusion: The induction of an inflammatory and CAA-like phenotype in ADMSC can be triggered by the TNBC cells secretome, while still efficiently prevented by diet-derived polyphenols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols and Cancer Prevention)
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Review

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16 pages, 2484 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Role of Carotenoids in Blood Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential
by Yaseen Hussain, Abdullah, Khalaf F. Alsharif, Michael Aschner, Abdulrahman Theyab, Fazlullah Khan, Luciano Saso and Haroon Khan
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1949; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14091949 - 06 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3683
Abstract
Blood cancers are characterized by pathological disorders causing uncontrolled hematological cell division. Various strategies were previously explored for the treatment of blood cancers, including chemotherapy, Car-T therapy, targeting chimeric antigen receptors, and platelets therapy. However, all these therapies pose serious challenges that limit [...] Read more.
Blood cancers are characterized by pathological disorders causing uncontrolled hematological cell division. Various strategies were previously explored for the treatment of blood cancers, including chemotherapy, Car-T therapy, targeting chimeric antigen receptors, and platelets therapy. However, all these therapies pose serious challenges that limit their use in blood cancer therapy, such as poor metabolism. Furthermore, the solubility and stability of anticancer drugs limit efficacy and bio-distribution and cause toxicity. The isolation and purification of natural killer cells during Car-T cell therapy is a major challenge. To cope with these challenges, treatment strategies from phyto-medicine scaffolds have been evaluated for blood cancer treatments. Carotenoids represent a versatile class of phytochemical that offer therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of cancer, and specifically blood cancer. Carotenoids, through various signaling pathways and mechanisms, such as the activation of AMPK, expression of autophagy biochemical markers (p62/LC3-II), activation of Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaaling pathway, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), increased level of reactive oxygen species, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), c-caspase-3, -7, decreased level of Bcl-xL, cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and decreasing STAT3 expression results in apoptosis induction and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. This review article focuses the therapeutic potential of carotenoids in blood cancers, addressing various mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate their therapeutic efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols and Cancer Prevention)
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