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The Impact of Diet on Vascular Function and Vascular Aging: Multivariate Approach

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 13160

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carmen Patino Alonso

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Guest Editor

Department of Statistics, IGA Research Group, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, C/Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: data analysis; applied statistics; water circularity; hydro statistics; hydrometeorological modelling; multivariate analysis; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos

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Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: arterial stiffness; vascular aging; lifestyles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to inform you of this Special Issue on the theme of “The Impact of Diet on Vascular Function and Vascular Aging: Multivariate Approach”.

Vascular aging is an important process determining the health status of the aged population. Maintaining a normal vascular aging process is essential for preserving vascular health and delaying the onset of cardiovascular disorders. The benefits of the diet heart-healthy in primary prevention, reducing mortality from ischemic heart disease, improving lipid profile, blood pressure, blood glucose, and adiposity are known; however, the relationship of these factors with vascular function and with vascular aging have not been studied much.

Applications of multivariate techniques, including in nutrition, may take the form of multivariate cluster analysis, PCA, prediction models, etc.

The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its components on early vascular aging.

Dr. Carmen Patino-Alonso
Prof. Dr. Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

diet
vascular aging
vascular function
multivariate statistical methods
predictive modeling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1574 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of a Multicomponent mHealth Intervention on the Composition of Diet in a Population with Overweight and Obesity—Randomized Clinical Trial EVIDENT 3

by Cristina Lugones-Sánchez, José I. Recio-Rodríguez, Marta Menéndez-Suárez, Alicia Saz-Lara, José I. Ramirez-Manent, María A. Sánchez-Calavera, Leticia Gómez-Sánchez, Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez, Luis García-Ortiz and Evident 3 Investigators Group

Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 270; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14020270 - 09 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2893

Abstract

A balanced diet can help in the prevention of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an mHealth intervention on the distribution of macronutrients and the intake of food groups. A total of 650 participants were included in this multi-center, clinical, randomized, controlled trial (Evident 3 study). All participants were given brief advice about diet and exercise. The intervention group received, in addition, an app (Evident 3) for the self-recording of their diet and an activity tracker wristband for 3 months. Follow-up visits were performed at 3 and 12 months to collect the diet composition using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. There were decreases in the intake of total calories, fat, protein and carbohydrates in both groups throughout the study, without significant differences between them. The intervention group reduced the intake of cholesterol (−30.8; 95% CI −59.9, −1.7) and full-fat dairies (−23.3; 95% CI −42.8, −3.8) and increased the intake of wholemeal bread (3.3; 95% CI −6.7, 13.3) and whole-grain cereals (3.4; 95% CI −6.8, 13.7) with respect to the control group. No differences were found in the rest of the nutritional parameters. The brief advice is useful to promote a healthier diet, and the app can be a support tool to obtain changes in relevant foods, such as integral foods, and the intake of cholesterol. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT03175614. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Diet on Vascular Function and Vascular Aging: Multivariate Approach)

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14 pages, 446 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association of Dietary Intake with Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Ageing in a Population with Intermediate Cardiovascular Risk—A MARK Study

by Leticia Gómez-Sánchez, Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez, Rafel Ramos, Ruth Marti-Lluch, Marta Gómez-Sánchez, Cristina Lugones-Sánchez, Olaya Tamayo-Morales, Ines Llamas-Ramos, Fernando Rigo, Luis García-Ortiz and Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos

Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 244; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14020244 - 07 Jan 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2689

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the association of diet with arterial stiffness and vascular ageing in a Caucasian population with intermediate cardiovascular risk. We recruited 2475 individuals aged 35–75 years with intermediate cardiovascular risk. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured using a VaSera VS-1500^® device. Vascular ageing was defined in two steps. Step 1: The 20 individuals who presented kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, or heart failure were classified as early vascular ageing (EVA). Step 2: The individuals with percentiles by age and sex above the 90th percentile of baPWV among the participants of this study were classified as EVA, and the rest of the individuals were classified as non-EVA. The diet of the participants was analysed with two questionnaires: (1) the diet quality index (DQI) questionnaire and (2) the Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence questionnaire. The mean age of the sample was 61.34 ± 7.70 years, and 61.60% were men. Adherence to the MD was 53.30%. The DQI was 54.90%. Of the entire sample, 10.70% (11.15% of the men and 9.95% of the women) were EVA. In the multiple linear regression analysis, for each additional point in the DQI questionnaire, there was a decrease of −0.081 (95%CI (confidence intervals) −0.105–−0.028) in baPWV; in the MD adherence questionnaire, there was a decrease of −0.052 (95%CI −0141–−0.008). When performing the analysis, separated by sex, the association remained significant in men but not in women. In the logistic regression analysis, there was an increase in MD adherence and a decrease in the probability of presenting EVA, both with the DQI questionnaire (OR (odds ratio) = 0.65; 95%CI 0.50–0.84) and with the MD adherence questionnaire (OR = 0.75; 95%CI 0.58–0.97). In the analysis by sex, the association was only maintained in men (with DQI, OR = 0.54; 95%CI 0.37–0.56) (with MD, OR = 0.72; 95%CI 0.52–0.99). The results of this study suggest that a greater score in the DQI and MD adherence questionnaires is associated with lower arterial stiffness and a lower probability of presenting EVA. In the analysis by sex, this association is only observed in men. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Diet on Vascular Function and Vascular Aging: Multivariate Approach)

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15 pages, 1694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults

by Ushnah S. U. Din, Tanvir S. Sian, Colleen S. Deane, Ken Smith, Amanda Gates, Jonathan N. Lund, John P. Williams, Ricardo Rueda, Suzette L. Pereira, Philip J. Atherton and Bethan E. Phillips

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3895; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13113895 - 29 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2488

Abstract

Postprandial macro- and microvascular blood flow and metabolic dysfunction manifest with advancing age, so vascular transmuting interventions are desirable. In this randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we investigated the impact of the acute administration of green tea extract (GTE; containing ~500 mg epigallocatechin-3-gallate) versus placebo (CON), alongside an oral nutritional supplement (ONS), on muscle macro- and microvascular, cerebral macrovascular (via ultrasound) and leg glucose/insulin metabolic responses (via arterialised/venous blood samples) in twelve healthy older adults (42% male, 74 ± 1 y). GTE increased m. vastus lateralis microvascular blood volume (MBV) at 180 and 240 min after ONS (baseline: 1.0 vs. 180 min: 1.11 ± 0.02 vs. 240 min: 1.08 ± 0.04, both p < 0.005), with MBV significantly higher than CON at 180 min (p < 0.05). Neither the ONS nor the GTE impacted m. tibialis anterior perfusion (p > 0.05). Leg blood flow and vascular conductance increased, and vascular resistance decreased similarly in both conditions (p < 0.05). Small non-significant increases in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation were observed in the GTE only and middle cerebral artery blood flow did not change in response to GTE or CON (p > 0.05). Glucose uptake increased with the GTE only (0 min: 0.03 ± 0.01 vs. 35 min: 0.11 ± 0.02 mmol/min/leg, p = 0.007); however, glucose area under the curve and insulin kinetics were similar between conditions (p > 0.05). Acute GTE supplementation enhances MBV beyond the effects of an oral mixed meal, but this improved perfusion does not translate to increased leg muscle glucose uptake in healthy older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Diet on Vascular Function and Vascular Aging: Multivariate Approach)

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Other

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14 pages, 926 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Comparative Effects of Different Types of Oral Vitamin Supplements on Arterial Stiffness: A Network Meta-Analysis

by Alicia Saz-Lara, Iván Cavero-Redondo, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Isabel Antonia Martínez-Ortega, Blanca Notario-Pacheco and Carlos Pascual-Morena

Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1009; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14051009 - 27 Feb 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4452

Abstract

Arterial stiffness, a significant prognostic factor of cardiovascular disease, may be affected by dietary factors. Research on the effects of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness and/or endothelial function has produced controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this network meta-analysis was to comparatively assess the effect of different types of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness in the adult population. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials from their inception to 30 September 2021. A network meta-analysis using a frequentist perspective was conducted to assess the effects of different types of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness, as determined by pulse wave velocity. In total, 22 studies were included, with a total of 1318 participants in the intervention group and 1115 participants in the placebo group. The included studies were listed in an ad hoc table describing direct and indirect comparisons of the different types of vitamins. Our findings showed that, in both pairwise comparison and frequentist network meta-analysis, the different types of oral vitamin supplements did not show statistically significant effects on arterial stiffness. However, when oral vitamin supplementation was longer than 12 weeks, vitamin D3 showed a significant reduction in arterial stiffness, compared with the placebo (ES: −0.15; 95% CI: −0.30, −0.00; −60.0% m/s) and vitamin D2 (ES: −0.25; 95% CI: −0.48, −0.02, −52.0% m/s). In summary, our study confirms that oral vitamin D3 supplementation for more than 12 weeks could be an effective approach to reduce arterial stiffness and could be considered a useful approach to improve vascular health in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Diet on Vascular Function and Vascular Aging: Multivariate Approach)

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