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Nutrients
Special Issues
Food and Nutrient Intake and Cardio-Metabolic Health in Indigenous Populations
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Food and Nutrient Intake and Cardio-Metabolic Health in Indigenous Populations

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 4703

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dirk Lund Christensen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: cardio-metabolic; diabetes; nutrition; indigenous populations; global health
Dr. Bishal Gyawali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: cardio-metabolic diseases; non-communicable diseases; type 2 diabetes; hypertension; dietary intake; physical activity; low-and middle-income countries; global health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardio-metabolic health and disease in indigenous populations are on the rise and threaten the well-being of these vulnerable populations. Some have been exposed to overnutrition, others to undernutrition, and both in combination with a lack of adequate diet quality, i.e., protein deficiency and/or micronutrient deficiency. Physical inactivity often goes hand-in-hand with sub-optimal diets, which increases the risk of cardio-metabolic disease. As indigenous populations face increasing pressures regarding land, culture, and upholding a traditional lifestyle, including diet and access to food, an increasing risk of chronic (silent) diseases is evident. Thus, with this Special Issue, we are interested in manuscripts focusing on the abovementioned aspects. Different confounding exposures such as foetal programming and infectious disease–nutrition interactions are welcome topics, as are smoking/tobacco use and alcohol consumption, in order to describe the complexity of cardio-metabolic health and disease in indigenous populations who often live in parallel societies and/or deprived conditions.

Manuscripts in which dietary intake, cardio-metabolic health, and disease patterns are compared to the majority population are of special interest. Original papers, systematic or scoping reviews, and position papers/comments are all welcome, and will be subject to the peer review process. Manuscript structure and word limitations will follow the usual conditions for manuscripts submitted to Nutrients.

Dr. Dirk Lund Christensen
Dr. Bishal Gyawali
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardio-metabolic health and disease
  • dietary intake
  • food composition
  • over and undernutrition
  • physical activity
  • diabetes
  • hypertension
  • dyslipidaemia
  • ischaemic heart disease
  • stroke
  • microbiome
  • cancer

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1233 KiB  
Article
Adiposity Phenotypes and Associated Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in the Inuit Population of Nunavik
by Fannie Lajeunesse-Trempe, Marie-Eve Piché, Paul Poirier, André Tchernof and Pierre Ayotte
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 725; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu16050725 - 02 Mar 2024
Viewed by 723
Abstract
The Inuit population of Nunavik is faced with a significant rise in the prevalence of obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2], but the impact on cardiometabolic health is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize adiposity phenotypes [...] Read more.
The Inuit population of Nunavik is faced with a significant rise in the prevalence of obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2], but the impact on cardiometabolic health is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize adiposity phenotypes and explore their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors among Nunavimmiut men and women. We used data obtained from 1296 Inuit who participated in the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health survey. Collected information included demographics, anthropometric measurements including visceral fat level (VFL) measured using electrical bioimpedance, biomarkers, hemodynamics, medical history and medication list. Adjusted population-weighted linear regressions were conducted to assess associations between body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors. The accuracy and cut-off points of anthropometric indices to detect cardiometabolic abnormalities was evaluated by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and a maximum Youden index analysis. Among Nunavimmiut (mean age 38.8 years [95%CI: 38.4 to 39.3]), obesity was observed in 42.8% of women and 25.6% of men. Compared to men, women presented a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (78.8% vs. 46.4% in men, p < 0.05) and elevated VFL (54.4% vs. 20.1% with an InBody level ≥ 13, p < 0.05). Indices of global fat distribution and abdominal adiposity including VFL provided poor to moderate ability to detect cardiometabolic abnormalities (AUROC between 0.64 and 0.79). This analysis revealed that despite a high prevalence of abdominal obesity, particularly among women, anthropometric measurements of adiposity are inconsistently associated cardio-metabolic risk factors in Inuit adults of Nunavik. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food and Nutrient Intake and Cardio-Metabolic Health in Indigenous Populations)
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15 pages, 1206 KiB  
Article
Early-Life Metabolic Traits and Physical Fitness in Tarahumara, Mennonite, and Mestizo Adolescents from Northern Mexico
by Raúl J. Nájera-Longoria, Irene Leal-Berumen, Yunuen S. Rangel-Ledezma, Angel Licón-Trillo, Verónica Moreno-Brito, Everardo González-Rodríguez, Miguel Conchas-Ramírez and Imelda G. Alcalá-Sánchez
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3208; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15143208 - 19 Jul 2023
Viewed by 902
Abstract
The WHO identifies high BMI, high blood pressure, and high fasting plasma glucose as chronic disease risk factors, whereas physical fitness is identified as a protective behavioral factor. This study responds to the rising interest in assessing metabolic factors and physical activity within [...] Read more.
The WHO identifies high BMI, high blood pressure, and high fasting plasma glucose as chronic disease risk factors, whereas physical fitness is identified as a protective behavioral factor. This study responds to the rising interest in assessing metabolic factors and physical activity within young populations of Mestizo, Tarahumara, and Mennonite from Chihuahua Mexico, due to its strong relationship with disease development and low well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 teenagers from rural towns in Northern Mexico, and relationships between physical fitness and cardio-metabolic risk related to anthropometric, glycolipid, and vascular function factors were assessed. ANOVA-tested differences among ethnic groups using physical fitness as a grouping variable and measures of cardio-metabolic risks were used as dependent variables. A stepwise regression analysis allowed us to identify the best predictors for physical fitness. Clinical risk factors were analyzed by ethnic group and sex. No differences were found among ethnic groups in physical fitness and cardio-metabolic health risks; sex differentiated higher health risks related to behavioral factors, since young women showed lower physical fitness across ethnicities. Clinically, the Mestizo sample showed higher numbers of individuals with one risk factor. Mennonites showed a high frequency of anthropometric and fitness health risks with low glycolipid and vascular risks. Tarahumara had fewer risk factors as compared with both Mestizo and Mennonite. Rural populations are harder to reach, both for health assessment and intervention; health professionals must work close to local community organizations to gain access. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food and Nutrient Intake and Cardio-Metabolic Health in Indigenous Populations)
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11 pages, 306 KiB  
Article
Impact of Maternal Health Behaviours and Social Conditions on Infant Diet at Age 1-Year: Results from a Prospective Indigenous Birth Cohort in Ontario, Canada
by Gita Wahi, Julie Wilson, Melanie Burning, Stephanie George, Phyllis Hill, Janet Homer, Laurie Jacobs, Ashley Lickers, Sharon Smoke, Albertha D. Davis, Dipika Desai, Susan M. Jack, Natalie Williams, Russell J. de Souza and Sonia S. Anand
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1736; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14091736 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2103
Abstract
Background: Understanding the impact of maternal health behaviours and social conditions on childhood nutrition is important to inform strategies to promote health during childhood. Objective: To describe how maternal health sociodemographic factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, education), health behaviours (e.g., diet), and traditional health [...] Read more.
Background: Understanding the impact of maternal health behaviours and social conditions on childhood nutrition is important to inform strategies to promote health during childhood. Objective: To describe how maternal health sociodemographic factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, education), health behaviours (e.g., diet), and traditional health care use during pregnancy impact infant diet at age 1-year. Methods: Data were collected from the Indigenous Birth Cohort (ABC) study, a prospective birth cohort formed in partnership with an Indigenous community-based Birthing Centre in southwestern Ontario, Canada. 110 mother-infant dyads are included in the study and were enrolled between 2012 and 2017. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to understand factors associated with infant diet scores at age 1-year, with a higher score indicating a diet with more healthy foods. Results: The mean age of women enrolled during pregnancy was 27.3 (5.9) years. Eighty percent of mothers had low or moderate social disadvantage, 47.3% completed more than high school education, and 70% were cared for by a midwife during their pregnancy. The pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was <25 in 34.5% of women, 15.5% of mothers smoked during pregnancy, and 14.5% of mothers had gestational diabetes. Being cared for by an Indigenous midwife was associated with a 0.9-point higher infant diet score (p = 0.001) at age 1-year, and lower maternal social disadvantage was associated with a 0.17-point higher infant diet quality score (p = 0.04). Conclusion: This study highlights the positive impact of health care provision by Indigenous midwives and confirms that higher maternal social advantage has a positive impact on child nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food and Nutrient Intake and Cardio-Metabolic Health in Indigenous Populations)
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