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Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 36862

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yunxian Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Interests: vitamin D and perinatal outcomes; genetic molecular epidemiology of maternal; infant health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Maternal and infant nutrition has been on the global agenda as central to health, sustainable development, and progress in low- and middle-income countries. Micronutrients, which play a major role in the metabolism of macronutrients, cellular metabolism, and organ development of the fetus, are important for maintaining pregnancy and fetal growth. Besides, during pregnancy, there is an elevated demand for micronutrients, the excess or deficiency of which can result in an increased risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. As China is a rapidly developing country with a large population, micronutrient status and its influence on maternal and infant health have always been a concern.

This Special Issue aims to estimate the influence that micronutrients can have on maternal and infant health, which provides evidence for clinical interventions and government nutrition-related policies. Additionally, this Special Issue provides study directions for research on micronutrients among pregnant women and infants.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following: Micronutrient status of pregnant women and infants; Relationship between micronutrients and pregnancy complications as well as birth outcomes.I/We look forward to receiving your contributions

Dr. Yunxian Yu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • micronutrients
  • pregnancy
  • infant
  • neonatal
  • metabolism
  • pregnancy complications
  • birth outcomes
  • growth and development

Published Papers (16 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 187 KiB  
Editorial
Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go
by Yunxian Yu
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2192; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15092192 - 05 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1248
Abstract
The first 1000 days of life are defined by the World Health Organization as a “window of opportunity” for a person’s growth and development, and nutrition is particularly important during this time window [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Other

14 pages, 1284 KiB  
Article
Association between Plasma Trace Element Concentrations in Early Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Shanghai, China
by Ting Wu, Tao Li, Chen Zhang, Hefeng Huang and Yanting Wu
Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 115; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15010115 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
(1) Background: Trace elements play important roles in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the results from reported studies are inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal exposure to V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Se in early pregnancy and GDM. [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Trace elements play important roles in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the results from reported studies are inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal exposure to V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Se in early pregnancy and GDM. (2) Methods: A nested case-control study with 403 GDM patients and 763 controls was conducted. Trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in plasma collected from pregnant women in the first trimester of gestation. We used several statistical methods to explore the association between element exposure and GDM risk. (3) Results: Plasma V and Ni were associated with increased and decreased risk of GDM, respectively, in the single-element model. V and Mn were found to be positively, and Ni was found to be negatively associated with GDM risk in the multi-element model. Mn may be the main contributor to GDM risk and Ni the main protective factor against GDM risk in the quantile g computation (QGC). 6.89 μg/L~30.88 μg/L plasma Ni was identified as a safe window for decreased risk of GDM. (4) Conclusions: V was positively associated with GDM risk, while Ni was negatively associated. Ni has dual effects on GDM risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
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17 pages, 2368 KiB  
Article
Vitamin A Concentration in Human Milk: A Meta-Analysis
by Huanmei Zhang, Xiangnan Ren, Zhenyu Yang and Jianqiang Lai
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4844; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14224844 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1908
Abstract
Humans require vitamin A (VA). However, pooled VA data in human milk is uncommon internationally and offers little support for dietary reference intake (DRIs) revision of infants under 6 months. As a result, we conducted a literature review and a meta-analysis to study [...] Read more.
Humans require vitamin A (VA). However, pooled VA data in human milk is uncommon internationally and offers little support for dietary reference intake (DRIs) revision of infants under 6 months. As a result, we conducted a literature review and a meta-analysis to study VA concentration in breast milk throughout lactation across seven databases by August 2021. Observational or intervention studies involving nursing mothers between the ages of 18 and 45, with no recognized health concerns and who had full-term infants under 48 months were included. Studies in which retinol concentration was expressed as a mass concentration on a volume basis and determined using high-, ultra-, or ultra-fast performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, UPLC, or UFLC) were chosen. Finally, 76 papers involving 9171 samples published between 1985 and 2021 qualified for quantitative synthesis. Results from the random-effects model showed that the VA concentration of healthy term human milk decreased significantly as lactation progressed. VA (µg/L) with 95% CI at the colostrum, transitional, early mature and late mature stages being 920.7 (744.5, 1095.8), 523.7 (313.7, 733.6), 402.4 (342.5, 462.3) and 254.7 (223.7, 285.7), respectively (X2 = 71.36, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences identified in VA concentration (µg/L) between Chinese and non-Chinese samples at each stage, being 1039.1 vs. 895.8 (p = 0.64), 505.7 vs. 542.2(p = 0.88), 408.4 vs. 401.2 (p = 0.92), 240.0 vs. 259.3 (p = 0.41). The findings have significant implications for the revision of DRIs for infants under six months. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
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11 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Associations between Dynamic Vitamin D Level and Thyroid Function during Pregnancy
by Hui Wang, Hai-Jun Wang, Mingyuan Jiao, Na Han, Jinhui Xu, Heling Bao, Zheng Liu and Yuelong Ji
Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3780; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14183780 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2117
Abstract
Optimal Vitamin D (VitD) status and thyroid function are essential for pregnant women. This study aimed to explore associations between dynamic VitD status and thyroid function parameters in each trimester and throughout the pregnancy period. Information on all 8828 eligible participants was extracted [...] Read more.
Optimal Vitamin D (VitD) status and thyroid function are essential for pregnant women. This study aimed to explore associations between dynamic VitD status and thyroid function parameters in each trimester and throughout the pregnancy period. Information on all 8828 eligible participants was extracted from the Peking University Retrospective Birth Cohort in Tongzhou. Dynamic VitD status was represented as a combination of deficiency/sufficiency in the first and second trimesters. Thyroid function was assessed in three trimesters. The associations between VitD and thyroid function were assessed by multiple linear regression and generalized estimating equation models in each trimester and throughout the pregnancy period, respectively. The results indicated that both free thyroxine (fT4; β = 0.004; 95%CI: 0.003, 0.006; p < 0.001) and free triiodothyronine (fT3; β = 0.009; 95%CI: 0.004, 0.015; p = 0.001) had positive associations with VitD status in the first trimester. A VitD status that was sufficient in the first trimester and deficient in the second trimester had a lower TSH (β = −0.370; 95%CI: −0.710, −0.031; p = 0.033) compared with the group with sufficient VitD for both first and second trimesters. In conclusion, the associations between VitD and thyroid parameters existed throughout the pregnancy. Maintaining an adequate concentration of VitD is critical to support optimal thyroid function during pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
10 pages, 263 KiB  
Article
Maternal Passive Smoking, Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion
by Shiqi Lin, Jiajia Li, Yuan Zhang, Xinming Song, Gong Chen and Lijun Pei
Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3674; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14183674 - 06 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1674
Abstract
Background: Maternal passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency might elevate risk of spontaneous abortion. The study aimed to investigate the association of co-exposure to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency with the risk of spontaneous abortion. Methods: A population-based case-control study was performed [...] Read more.
Background: Maternal passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency might elevate risk of spontaneous abortion. The study aimed to investigate the association of co-exposure to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency with the risk of spontaneous abortion. Methods: A population-based case-control study was performed among non-smoking women in Henan Province, China, with 293 spontaneous abortion cases and 496 liveborn controls with term, normal birthweight. Results: Compared to women without exposure to passive smoking nor vitamin D deficiency, women with deficient vitamin D alone and women with exposure to passive smoking alone had increased risk of spontaneous abortion (OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.08~2.89; OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.11~2.69, respectively). The risk of spontaneous abortion was even higher for those with co-exposure to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.63~3.84). A dose-response relationship was found of an incremental risk of spontaneous abortion with rising numbers of exposures to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Co-exposure to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency was associated with an elevated risk of spontaneous abortion, and the risk of spontaneous abortion rose with rising numbers of exposures. Intervention programs need to specifically target the vulnerable groups of pregnant women with both malnutrition and unfavorable environmental exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
16 pages, 1245 KiB  
Article
The Associations of Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration in Different Time Points and Its Changes during Pregnancy with Birth Weight Outcomes
by Zhicheng Peng, Shuting Si, Haoyue Cheng, Haibo Zhou, Peihan Chi, Minjia Mo, Yan Zhuang, Hui Liu and Yunxian Yu
Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2542; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14122542 - 19 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2243
Abstract
Maternal hemoglobin (Hb) is related to nutritional status, which affects neonatal birth weight. However, it is very common for maternal Hb to fluctuate during pregnancy. To evaluate the associations of maternal Hb in different time points and its changes during pregnancy with neonatal [...] Read more.
Maternal hemoglobin (Hb) is related to nutritional status, which affects neonatal birth weight. However, it is very common for maternal Hb to fluctuate during pregnancy. To evaluate the associations of maternal Hb in different time points and its changes during pregnancy with neonatal birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA)/low birth weight (LBW) and large for gestational age (LGA)/macrosomia, we conducted this study by using data from the Electronic Medical Record System (EMRS) database of Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital in Zhejiang province, China. The pregnancy was divided into five periods: first, early-second, mediate-second, late-second, early-third and late-third trimesters; we further calculated the maternal Hb changes during pregnancy. Overall, the socio-demographic characteristics, health-related information and childbirth-related information of 24,183 mother–infant pairs were obtained. The average Hb concentration during the different periods were 123.95 ± 10.14, 117.95 ± 9.84, 114.31 ± 9.03, 113.26 ± 8.82, 113.29 ± 8.68 and 115.01 ± 8.85 g/L, respectively. Significant dose–response relationships between maternal Hb and birth weight were observed in the first, late-second and later trimesters (p non-linear < 0.05). Maternal Hb < 100 g/L was related to a high risk of LGA/macrosomia in the late-second (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.83) and later trimesters; additionally, high maternal Hb (>140 g/L) increased the risk of SGA/LBW in the first (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and late-third trimesters (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.18). In addition, the increase in maternal Hb from the late-second to late-third trimesters had a positive correlation with SGA/LBW. In conclusion, maternal Hb markedly fluctuated during pregnancy; the negative dose–response association of maternal Hb in the late-second and third trimesters, and Hb change during pregnancy with neonatal birth weight outcomes were observed, respectively. Furthermore, the phenomenon of high Hb in the first trimester and after the late-second trimester and the increase of maternal Hb from the late-second to late-third trimesters more significantly increasing the risk of SGA/LBW should especially be given more attention. Its biological mechanism needs to be further explored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
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12 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
Association of Vitamin D in Different Trimester with Hemoglobin during Pregnancy
by Shuting Si, Zhicheng Peng, Haoyue Cheng, Yan Zhuang, Peihan Chi, Xialidan Alifu, Haibo Zhou, Minjia Mo and Yunxian Yu
Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2455; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14122455 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2138
Abstract
The association between vitamin D and hemoglobin has been suggested. Vitamin D can affect erythropoiesis by the induction of erythroid progenitor cell proliferation and enhance iron absorption by regulating the iron-hepcidin-ferroportin axis in monocytes. However, this relationship in pregnant women is scarce. The [...] Read more.
The association between vitamin D and hemoglobin has been suggested. Vitamin D can affect erythropoiesis by the induction of erythroid progenitor cell proliferation and enhance iron absorption by regulating the iron-hepcidin-ferroportin axis in monocytes. However, this relationship in pregnant women is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between plasma vitamin D levels with hemoglobin concentration in pregnant women considering each trimester and iron supplementation. The data were obtained from Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort, collected from 2011 to 2018. Plasma 25(OH)D was measured in each trimester using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized estimating equations and multiple linear regressions were performed. Finally, 2962 pregnant women and 4419 observations in the first trimester were included in this study. Plasma 25(OH)D in first trimester (T1) (β = 0.06, p = 0.0177), second trimester (T2) (β = 0.15, p < 0.0001), and third trimester (T3) (β = 0.12, p = 0.0006) were positively associated with Hb. Association between plasma 25(OH)D levels in T1 and Hb concentration was positively associated with gestational age (β = 0.005, p = 0.0421). Pregnant women with VD deficiency in T1 (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.07–1.88) or T2 (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.30–2.89) presented an increased risk of anemia, compared with women without VD deficiency. Moreover, the significant relationship between VD and Hb was only observed among women with iron supplementation during pregnancy. Plasma 25(OH)D levels in each trimester were positively associated with Hb concentration. Iron supplementation might be an important factor affecting the relationship between VD and Hb. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
16 pages, 313 KiB  
Article
The Association of Vitamin D and Its Pathway Genes’ Polymorphisms with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Shuting Si, Minjia Mo, Haoyue Cheng, Zhicheng Peng, Xialidan Alifu, Haibo Zhou, Peihan Chi, Yan Zhuang and Yunxian Yu
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2355; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14112355 - 06 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2166
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the genes of the vitamin D (VitD) metabolic pathway and its interaction with VitD level during pregnancy on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Methods: The study was [...] Read more.
Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the genes of the vitamin D (VitD) metabolic pathway and its interaction with VitD level during pregnancy on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Methods: The study was conducted in the Zhoushan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China, from August 2011 to May 2018. The SNPs in VitD metabolic pathway-related genes were genotyped. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels was measured at first (T1), second (T2), and third (T3) trimesters. The information of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the diagnosis of HDP were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models and crossover analysis were applied. Results: The prospective cohort study included 3699 pregnant women, of which 105 (2.85%) were diagnosed with HDP. After adjusting for potential confounders, VitD deficiency at T2, as well as the change of 25(OH)D level between T1 and T2, were negatively associated with DBP at T2 and T3, but not HDP. Polymorphisms in CYP24A1, GC, and LRP2 genes were associated with blood pressure and HDP. In addition, VitD interacted with CYP24A1, GC, and VDR genes’ polymorphisms on blood pressure. Furthermore, participants with polymorphisms in CYP24A1-rs2248137, LRP2-rs2389557, and LRP2-rs4667591 and who had VitD deficiency at T2 showed an increased risk of HDP. Conclusions: The individual and interactive association between VitD deficiency during pregnancy and SNPs in the genes of the VitD metabolic pathway on blood pressure and HDP were identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
10 pages, 263 KiB  
Article
Associations between Maternal Selenium Status and Cord Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Birth Cohort Study in Wuhan, China
by Huiqing Gang, Hongling Zhang, Tongzhang Zheng, Wei Xia, Shunqing Xu and Yuanyuan Li
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1715; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14091715 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1713
Abstract
Serum selenium (Se) has been reported to be associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], but epidemiological findings are limited in pregnant women. We aimed to assess the associations between maternal urinary Se concentrations and cord serum 25(OH)D levels. We measured urinary concentrations of [...] Read more.
Serum selenium (Se) has been reported to be associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], but epidemiological findings are limited in pregnant women. We aimed to assess the associations between maternal urinary Se concentrations and cord serum 25(OH)D levels. We measured urinary concentrations of Se in the first, second, and third trimesters and cord serum 25(OH)D of 1695 mother-infant pairs from a prospective cohort study in Wuhan, China. The results showed that each doubling of urinary Se concentrations in the first, second, third trimester, and whole pregnancy (average SG-adjusted concentrations across three trimesters) were associated with 8.76% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.30%, 13.41%), 15.44% (95% CI: 9.18%, 22.06%), 11.84% (95% CI: 6.09%, 17.89%), and 21.14% (95% CI: 8.69%, 35.02%) increases in 25(OH)D levels. Newborns whose mothers with low (<10 μg/L) or medium (10.92–14.34 μg/L) tertiles of urinary Se concentrations in whole pregnancy were more likely to be vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL) compared with those with the highest tertile (>14.34 μg/L). Our study provides evidence that maternal Se levels were positively associated with cord serum vitamin D status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
9 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Maternal Vitamin E Concentrations in Different Trimesters on Gestational Diabetes and Large-for-Gestational-Age: A Retrospective Study in China
by Qianling Zhou, Mingyuan Jiao, Na Han, Wangxing Yang, Heling Bao and Zhenghong Ren
Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1629; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14081629 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1744
Abstract
Vitamin E can protect pregnant women from oxidative stress and further affect pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate maternal vitamin E concentration in each trimester and its associations with gestational diabetes (GDM) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA). The data were derived from Peking University [...] Read more.
Vitamin E can protect pregnant women from oxidative stress and further affect pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate maternal vitamin E concentration in each trimester and its associations with gestational diabetes (GDM) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA). The data were derived from Peking University Retrospective Birth Cohort in Tongzhou, collected from 2015 to 2018 (n = 19,647). Maternal serum vitamin E were measured from blood samples collected in each trimester. Logistic regressions were performed to analyze the association between maternal vitamin E levels and outcomes. The median levels of maternal vitamin E increased from the first (10.00 mg/L) to the third (16.00 mg/L) trimester. Among mothers who had inadequate vitamin E levels, most of them had excessive amounts. Excessive vitamin E level in the second trimester was a risk factor for GDM (aOR = 1.640, 95% CI: 1.316–2.044) and LGA (aOR = 1.334, 95% CI: 1.022–1.742). Maternal vitamin E concentrations in the first and second trimesters were positively associated with GDM (first: aOR = 1.056, 95% CI: 1.038–1.073; second: aOR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.043–1.082) and LGA (first: aOR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.009–1.051; second: aOR = 1.040, 95% CI: 1.017–1.064). Avoiding an excess of vitamin E during pregnancy might be an effective measure to reduce GDM and LGA. Studies to explore the potential mechanisms are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
13 pages, 960 KiB  
Article
Maternal Zinc, Copper, and Selenium Intakes during Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Defects
by Jiaomei Yang, Yijun Kang, Qianqian Chang, Binyan Zhang, Xin Liu, Lingxia Zeng, Hong Yan and Shaonong Dang
Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1055; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14051055 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2960
Abstract
The effects of zinc, copper, and selenium on human congenital heart defects (CHDs) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of the maternal total, dietary, and supplemental intakes of zinc, copper, and selenium during pregnancy with CHDs. A hospital-based case-control study [...] Read more.
The effects of zinc, copper, and selenium on human congenital heart defects (CHDs) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of the maternal total, dietary, and supplemental intakes of zinc, copper, and selenium during pregnancy with CHDs. A hospital-based case-control study was performed, including 474 cases and 948 controls in Northwest China. Eligible participants waiting for delivery were interviewed to report their diets and characteristics in pregnancy. Mixed logistic regression was adopted to examine associations and interactions between maternal intakes and CHDs. Higher total intakes of zinc, selenium, zinc to copper ratio, and selenium to copper ratio during pregnancy were associated with lower risks of total CHDs and the subtypes, and the tests for trend were significant (all p < 0.05). The significantly inverse associations with CHDs were also observed for dietary intakes of zinc, selenium, zinc to copper ratio, selenium to copper ratio, and zinc and selenium supplements use during pregnancy and in the first trimester. Moreover, high zinc and high selenium, even with low or high copper, showed a significantly reduced risk of total CHDs. Efforts to promote zinc and selenium intakes during pregnancy need to be strengthened to reduce the incidence of CHDs in the Chinese population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
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16 pages, 1390 KiB  
Article
Maternal Hemoglobin Concentrations and Birth Weight, Low Birth Weight (LBW), and Small for Gestational Age (SGA): Findings from a Prospective Study in Northwest China
by Danmeng Liu, Shanshan Li, Binyan Zhang, Yijun Kang, Yue Cheng, Lingxia Zeng, Fangyao Chen, Baibing Mi, Pengfei Qu, Doudou Zhao, Zhonghai Zhu, Hong Yan, Duolao Wang and Shaonong Dang
Nutrients 2022, 14(4), 858; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14040858 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2735
Abstract
Birth weight and related outcomes have profound influences on life cycle health, but the effect of maternal hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy on birth weight is still unclear. This study aims to reveal the associations between maternal hemoglobin concentrations in different trimesters of pregnancy [...] Read more.
Birth weight and related outcomes have profound influences on life cycle health, but the effect of maternal hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy on birth weight is still unclear. This study aims to reveal the associations between maternal hemoglobin concentrations in different trimesters of pregnancy and neonatal birth weight, LBW, and SGA. This was a prospective study based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted from July 2015 to December 2019 in rural areas of Northwest China. Information on maternal socio-demographic status, health-related factors, antenatal visits, and neonatal birth outcomes were collected. A total of 3748 women and their babies were included in the final analysis. A total of 65.1% and 46.3% of the participants had anemia or hemoglobin ≥ 130 g/L during pregnancy. In the third trimester, maternal hemoglobin concentration was associated with birth weight in an inverted U-shaped curve and with the risks of LBW and SGA in extended U-shaped curves. The relatively higher birth weight and lower risks for LBW and SGA were observed when hemoglobin concentration was 100–110 g/L. When maternal hemoglobin was <70 g/L or >130 g/L, the neonatal birth weight was more than 100 g lower than that when the maternal hemoglobin was 100 g/L. In conclusion, both low and high hemoglobin concentrations in the third trimester could be adverse to fetal weight growth and increase the risks of LBW and SGA, respectively. In addition to severe anemia, maternal hemoglobin >130 g/L in the third trimester should be paid great attention to in the practice of maternal and child health care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
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11 pages, 486 KiB  
Article
Associations of B Vitamin-Related Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy with Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Study in Northwest China
by Shanshan Li, Danmeng Liu, Yijun Kang, Pengfei Qu, Baibing Mi, Zhonghai Zhu, Lixin Han, Yaling Zhao, Fangyao Chen, Leilei Pei, Lingxia Zeng, Duolao Wang, Hong Yan and Shaonong Dang
Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 600; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14030600 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
This study aimed to derive a maternal dietary pattern to explain the variation in B vitamins during pregnancy and to investigate this pattern in relation to birth outcomes. A total of 7347 women who gave birth to live newborns less than one year [...] Read more.
This study aimed to derive a maternal dietary pattern to explain the variation in B vitamins during pregnancy and to investigate this pattern in relation to birth outcomes. A total of 7347 women who gave birth to live newborns less than one year were included. Their dietary pattern during pregnancy was derived using the reduced-rank regression method with six B vitamins as response variables. Associations between dietary pattern score and birth weight, gestational age at delivery, birth weight Z score, low birth weight, preterm, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) were estimated using generalised linear mixed models. We identified a high B-vitamin dietary pattern characterised by high intakes of animal foods, vegetables, fungi and algae, legumes, and low intakes of oils and cereals. Women in the highest quartile of this pattern score had newborns with a 44.5 g (95% CI: 13.8, 75.2 g) higher birth weight, 0.101 (95% CI: 0.029, 0.172) higher birth weight Z score, and 27.2% (OR: 0.728; 95% CI: 0.582, 0.910) lower risk of SGA than those in the lowest quartile. Our study suggested that adherence to the high B-vitamin dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with a higher birth weight and a lower risk of SGA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
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12 pages, 1016 KiB  
Article
Cord Blood Manganese Concentrations in Relation to Birth Outcomes and Childhood Physical Growth: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
by Yiming Dai, Jiming Zhang, Xiaojuan Qi, Zheng Wang, Minglan Zheng, Ping Liu, Shuai Jiang, Jianqiu Guo, Chunhua Wu and Zhijun Zhou
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4304; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13124304 - 28 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2073
Abstract
Gestational exposure to manganese (Mn), an essential trace element, is associated with fetal and childhood physical growth. However, it is unclear which period of growth is more significantly affected by prenatal Mn exposure. The current study was conducted to assess the associations of [...] Read more.
Gestational exposure to manganese (Mn), an essential trace element, is associated with fetal and childhood physical growth. However, it is unclear which period of growth is more significantly affected by prenatal Mn exposure. The current study was conducted to assess the associations of umbilical cord-blood Mn levels with birth outcomes and childhood continuous physical development. The umbilical cord-blood Mn concentrations of 1179 mother–infant pairs in the Sheyang mini birth cohort were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The association of cord-blood Mn concentrations with birth outcomes, and the BMI z-score at 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 years old, were estimated separately using generalized linear models. The relationship between prenatal Mn exposure and BMI z-score trajectory was assessed with generalized estimating equation models. The median of cord-blood Mn concentration was 29.25 μg/L. Significantly positive associations were observed between Mn exposure and ponderal index (β, regression coefficient = 0.065, 95% CI, confidence interval: 0.021, 0.109; p = 0.004). Mn exposure was negatively associated with the BMI z-score of children aged 1, 2, and 3 years (β = −0.383 to −0.249, p < 0.05), while no significant relationships were found between Mn exposure and the BMI z-score of children at the age of 6, 7, and 8 years. Prenatal Mn exposure was related to the childhood BMI z-score trajectory (β = −0.218, 95% CI: −0.416, −0.021; p = 0.030). These results indicated that prenatal Mn exposure was positively related to the ponderal index (PI), and negatively related to physical growth in childhood, which seemed most significant at an early stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
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13 pages, 424 KiB  
Article
The Association of Gene Variants in the Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway and Its Interaction with Vitamin D on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Minjia Mo, Bule Shao, Xing Xin, Wenliang Luo, Shuting Si, Wen Jiang, Shuojia Wang, Yu Shen, Jinhua Wu and Yunxian Yu
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4220; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13124220 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2026
Abstract
The present prospective study included 2156 women and investigated the effect of gene variants in the vitamin D (VitD) metabolic and glucose pathways and their interaction with VitD levels during pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at the [...] Read more.
The present prospective study included 2156 women and investigated the effect of gene variants in the vitamin D (VitD) metabolic and glucose pathways and their interaction with VitD levels during pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at the first and second trimesters. GDM subtype 1 was defined as those with isolated elevated fasting plasma glucose; GDM subtype 2 were those with isolated elevated postprandial glucose at 1 h and/or 2 h; and GDM subtype 3 were those with both elevated fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose. Six Gc isoforms were categorized based on two GC gene variants rs4588 and rs7041, including 1s/1s, 1s/2, 1s/1f, 2/2, 1f/2 and 1f/1f. VDR-rs10783219 and MTNR1B-rs10830962 were associated with increased risks of GDM and GDM subtype 2; interactions between each other as well as with CDKAL1-rs7754840 were observed (Pinteraction < 0.05). Compared with the 1f/1f isoform, the risk of GDM subtype 2 among women with 1f/2, 2/2, 1s/1f, 1s/2 and 1s/1s isoforms and with prepregnancy body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 increased by 5.11, 10.01, 10, 14.23, 19.45 times, respectively. Gene variants in VitD pathway interacts with VitD deficiency at the first trimester on the risk of GDM and GDM subtype 2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)

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13 pages, 1943 KiB  
Systematic Review
Vitamin D Levels in Early and Middle Pregnancy and Preeclampsia, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Kai-Lun Hu, Chun-Xi Zhang, Panpan Chen, Dan Zhang and Sarah Hunt
Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 999; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14050999 - 27 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4198
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) shows a beneficial role in placentation, the immune system, and angiogenesis, and thus, VitD status may link to the risk of preeclampsia. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between VitD status in early and middle pregnancy and the [...] Read more.
Vitamin D (VitD) shows a beneficial role in placentation, the immune system, and angiogenesis, and thus, VitD status may link to the risk of preeclampsia. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between VitD status in early and middle pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia. A total of 22 studies with 25,530 participants were included for analysis. Women with VitD insufficiency or deficiency had a higher preeclampsia rate compared to women with replete VitD levels (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.39–1.79). Women with VitD deficiency had a higher preeclampsia rate compared to women with replete or insufficient VitD levels (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.66). Women with insufficient VitD levels had a higher preeclampsia rate compared to women with replete VitD levels (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.24–1.66). Women with deficient VitD levels had a higher preeclampsia rate compared to women with replete VitD levels (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05–2.14). Sensitivity analysis showed the results were stable after excluding any one of the included studies. In conclusion, our systematic review suggested that VitD insufficiency or deficiency was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)
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