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Impact of Nutrients, Food Components, and Food Processing on Cardio-metabolic and Cancer Risk

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Special Issue Information
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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 10048

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stefano Menini

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Guest Editor

Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: adiposopathy, diabetes; diabetes and cancer; diabetes complications; carbonyl and oxidative stress; cellular energetics; glycotoxins and anti-glycation compounds; inflammation; nutrition and metabolism; obesity

Dr. Martina Vitale

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: diabetes; diabetes clinical research; diabetic kidney disease; diabetic vascular complications; diabetes and cancer; glucose and lipid metabolism; metabolic inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The worldwide increase in consumption of highly processed, calorie-dense diets is leading to an epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases, including cancer. Excessive calorie intake and fat accumulation are well-recognized contributors to this global health phenomenon, but the ways that food affects health and disease risk are numerous. The balance between pro-/anti-inflammatory and pro-/antioxidant compounds naturally occurring in foods, as well as neo-formed compounds generated during food processing and preparation, have been suggested to directly impact metabolic homeostasis, endothelial function, and the immune system. Moreover, an unfavourable macronutrient composition of the diet can directly elicit acute pro-inflammatory responses and atherogenic changes by inducing exaggerated glucose and lipid excursions and transient disruption of redox homeostasis.

We welcome investigators to contribute original research articles and systematic and narrative review articles addressing the effects of specific dietary patterns, nutrients, and distinct biochemical food components (natural, added, or formed during food processing) on cardiometabolic and cancer risk factors. The purpose of the Special Issue is to provide a better understanding of the health implications of diet and the mechanisms of diet- and nutrition-related diseases, with a special emphasis on diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, and their interconnections. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

Evaluation of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of nutrients and other dietary factors on cellular and systemic metabolism, redox balance, inflammation, endothelial function, and normal and cancer cell turnover;
Evaluation of biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases and cancer for the determination of the biological effects of nutraceuticals and the new formulation of specific diets on these health outcomes;
The use of foodomics and related omics sub-disciplines, including nutrigenomics, to explore the effect of nutrition interventions in metabolic and cancer patients, and the role of specific nutrients and bioactive food components in metabolism- and cancer-related gene expression.

Dr. Stefano Menini
Dr. Martina Vitale
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

adipose tissue
atherosclerosis
cancer
carbonyl and oxidative stress
diabetes
diabetic complications
food processing and preparation
food supplement
foodomics
glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism
glycotoxins
gut microbiota
inflammation
insulin resistance
nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics
obesity

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cruciferous Vegetable Intake and Bulky DNA Damage within Non-Smokers and Former Smokers in the Gen-Air Study (EPIC Cohort)

by Marco Peluso, Armelle Munnia, Valentina Russo, Andrea Galli, Valeria Pala, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Matthias B. Schulze, Elisabete Weiderpass, Rosario Tumino, Calogero Saieva, Amiano Exezarreta Pilar, Dagfinn Aune, Alicia K. Heath, Elom Aglago, Antonio Agudo, Salvatore Panico, Kristina Elin Nielsen Petersen, Anne Tjønneland, Lluís Cirera, Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco, Verena Katzke, Rudolf Kaaks, Fulvio Ricceri, Lorenzo Milani, Paolo Vineis and Carlotta Sacerdote Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2477; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14122477 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3453

Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have indicated that cruciferous vegetables can influence the cancer risk; therefore, we examined with a cross-sectional approach the correlation between the frequent consumption of the total cruciferous vegetables and the formation of bulky DNA damage, a biomarker of carcinogen exposure and cancer risk, in the Gen-Air study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. DNA damage measurements were performed in the peripheral blood of 696 of those apparently healthy without cancer controls, including 379 never-smokers and 317 former smokers from seven European countries by the ³²P-postlabeling assay. In the Gen-Air controls, the median intake of cruciferous vegetables was 6.16 (IQR 1.16–13.66) g/day, ranging from 0.37 (IQR 0–6.00) g/day in Spain to 11.34 (IQR 6.02–16.07) g/day in the UK. Based on this information, participants were grouped into: (a) high consumers (>20 g/day), (b) medium consumers (3–20 g/day) and (c) low consumers (<3.0 g/day). Overall, low cruciferous vegetable intake was correlated with a greater frequency of bulky DNA lesions, including benzo(a)pyrene, lactone and quinone-adducts and bulky oxidative lesions, in the adjusted models. Conversely, a high versus low intake of cruciferous vegetables was associated with a reduction in DNA damage (up to a 23% change, p = 0.032); this was particularly evident in former smokers (up to a 40% change, p = 0.008). The Generalized Linear Regression models indicated an overall Mean Ratio between the high and the low consumers of 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.97). The current study suggests that a higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with a lower level of bulky DNA adducts and supports the potential for cancer prevention strategies through dietary habit changes aimed at increasing the consumption of cruciferous vegetables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Nutrients, Food Components, and Food Processing on Cardio-metabolic and Cancer Risk)

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12 pages, 1396 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aflatoxin B1 DNA-Adducts in Hepatocellular Carcinoma from a Low Exposure Area

by Laura Gramantieri, Federica Gnudi, Francesco Vasuri, Daniele Mandrioli, Francesca Fornari, Francesco Tovoli, Fabrizia Suzzi, Andrea Vornoli, Antonia D’Errico, Fabio Piscaglia and Catia Giovannini

Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1652; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14081652 - 15 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2371

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a class 1 carcinogen with an ascertained role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high exposure areas. Instead, this study aimed to assay whether chronic/intermittent, low-dose AFB1 consumption might occur in low-exposure geographical areas, ultimately accumulating in the liver and possibly contributing to liver cancer. AFB1-DNA adducts were assayed by immunostaining in liver tissues from three Italian series of twenty cirrhosis without HCC, 131 HCC, and 45 cholangiocarcinoma, and in an AFB1-induced HCC rat model. CD68, TP53 immunostaining, and TP53 RFLP analysis of R249S transversion were used to characterize cell populations displaying AFB1-DNA adducts. Twenty-five HCCs displayed AFB1-adducts both in neoplastic hepatocytes and in cells infiltrating the tumor and non-tumor tissues. Nuclear immunostaining was observed in a few cases, while most cases showed cytoplasmic immunostaining, especially in CD68-positive tumor-infiltrating cells, suggestive for phagocytosis of dead hepatocytes. Similar patterns were observed in AFB1-induced rat HCC, though with higher intensity. Cholangiocarcinoma and cirrhosis without HCC did not displayAFB1-adducts, except for one case. Despite not providing a causal relationship with HCC, these findings still suggest paying attention to detection and control measures for aflatoxins to ensure food safety in low exposure areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Nutrients, Food Components, and Food Processing on Cardio-metabolic and Cancer Risk)

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Review

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25 pages, 2037 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

by Carla Iacobini, Martina Vitale, Jonida Haxhi, Carlo Pesce, Giuseppe Pugliese and Stefano Menini

Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1061; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14051061 - 03 Mar 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3624

Abstract

Carbonyl stress is a condition characterized by an increase in the steady-state levels of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) that leads to accumulation of their irreversible covalent adducts with biological molecules. RCS are generated by the oxidative cleavage and cellular metabolism of lipids and sugars. In addition to causing damage directly, the RCS adducts, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs), cause additional harm by eliciting chronic inflammation through receptor-mediated mechanisms. Hyperglycemia- and dyslipidemia-induced carbonyl stress plays a role in diabetic cardiovascular complications and diabetes-related cancer risk. Moreover, the increased dietary exposure to AGEs/ALEs could mediate the impact of the modern, highly processed diet on cardiometabolic and cancer risk. Finally, the transient carbonyl stress resulting from supraphysiological postprandial spikes in blood glucose and lipid levels may play a role in acute proinflammatory and proatherogenic changes occurring after a calorie dense meal. These findings underline the potential importance of carbonyl stress as a mediator of the cardiometabolic and cancer risk linked to today’s unhealthy diet. In this review, current knowledge in this field is discussed along with future research courses to offer new insights and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions to prevent diet-associated cardiometabolic disorders and cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Nutrients, Food Components, and Food Processing on Cardio-metabolic and Cancer Risk)

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