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Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 29701

Special Issue Editor

1. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: clinical nutrition; control and prevention; supplementation; chronic disease; dietary patterns; ultra-processed food consumption patterns; balanced diet; cardiometabolic risk; immune system; gut-associated microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and represent an enormous global public health cost. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), NCDs are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. It is estimated that 79% of death occurring in developing countries, predominantly in middle-aged men, is due to NCDs. The rapidly increasing burden of NCDs has made prevention and management of NCDs a global priority. NCDs share important points from the etiopathological point of view, all leading to a specific treatment: diet.

It is known that to reduce NCDs is to reduce risk factors associated with these diseases, mainly related to unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Thus, NCDs are strongly influenced by lifestyle. Several studies show that a diet offered in a sufficient (high content of essential nutrients), accessible, safe, and varied way not only prevents malnutrition but also reduces the risk of suffering from NCDs. Definitely, diet is the key element of prevention. Promotion of healthy lifestyles is necessary to combat NCDs.

The aim of this Special Issue is to identify and assess healthy dietary patterns as well as specific nutrients in the prevention and management of NCDs. Also, we want to identify gaps that could help with the identification of the underlying mechanisms involved in this protection.

We want to encourage all investigators that work in this field to contribute with original research, reviews, sytematic reviews, and meta-analyses to submit their work to this Special Issue to widen our knowledge and open new research pathways.

Dr. Rosa Casas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
  • Cardiometabolic risk
  • Food patterns
  • Dietary patterns
  • Ultra-processed food consumption patterns
  • Supplementation
  • Polyphenols
  • Natural antioxidants
  • Phytochemicals
  • Food supplement
  • Gut microbiota
  • Immune system
  • Inflammation
  • Gene expression
  • Prevent and control

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 196 KiB  
Editorial
Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases
by Rosa Casas
Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3399; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15153399 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1108
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, primarily affecting middle-aged men, and imposing a significant global public health burden [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases)

Research

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15 pages, 736 KiB  
Article
Adherence to a Fish-Rich Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Showing Low Viral Load: Implications for Nutritional Management
by Claudia Ojeda-Granados, Arturo Panduro, Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco, Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez, Liliana Campos-Medina and Sonia Roman
Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3337; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13103337 - 23 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2898
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is influenced by genetic (e.g., APOE polymorphisms) and environmental factors between the virus and the host. HCV modulates the host’s lipid metabolism but dietary components influence lipids and in vitro HCV RNA replication. Few data exist on the [...] Read more.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is influenced by genetic (e.g., APOE polymorphisms) and environmental factors between the virus and the host. HCV modulates the host’s lipid metabolism but dietary components influence lipids and in vitro HCV RNA replication. Few data exist on the role of dietary features or patterns (DPs) in HCV infection. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the nutritional profiles of chronic HCV (CHC) and spontaneous clearance (SC) Mexican patients in the context of APOE alleles and their correlation with HCV-related variables. The fibrosis-related APOEε3 allele prevailed in CHC and SC patients, who had four DPs (“meat and soft drinks”, DP1; “processed animal and fried foods”, DP2; “Mexican-healthy”, DP3; and “fish-rich”, DP4). In CHC subjects, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (PUFA ≥ 4.9%) was negatively associated, and fiber intake (≥21.5 g/day) was positively associated with a high viral load (p < 0.036). High adherence to fish-rich DP4 was associated with a higher frequency of CHC individuals consuming PUFA ≥ 4.9% (p = 0.004) and low viral load (p = 0.036), but a lower frequency of CHC individuals consuming fiber ≥21.5 g/day (p = 0.038). In SC and CHC individuals, modifying unhealthy DPs and targeting HCV-interacting nutrients, respectively, could be part of a nutritional management strategy to prevent further liver damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases)
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13 pages, 574 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Traditional Mediterranean Diet in Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion
by Fernando M. Calatayud-Sáez, Blanca Calatayud and Ana Calatayud
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13072181 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2532
Abstract
Introduction: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common in pediatric primary care consultations. Its etiology is multifactorial, although it has been proven that inflammation factors mediate and that immunity is in a phase of relative immaturity. The objective of this study was to [...] Read more.
Introduction: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common in pediatric primary care consultations. Its etiology is multifactorial, although it has been proven that inflammation factors mediate and that immunity is in a phase of relative immaturity. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the Traditional Mediterranean Diet (TMD) modulating inflammation and immunity in patients diagnosed with OME. Materials and Methods: A analysis as a single-group pre-test/post-test was conducted on 40 girls and 40 boys between 18 months and 5 years old. Tympanometry normalization was the main test to control the benefit of diet. Clinical and therapeutic variables were studied through evaluation questionnaires, a quality test of the diet, as well as various anthropometric parameters. Results: At the end of one year, tympanometry had normalized in 85% of patients. The remaining 15% had normal audiometry and/or associated symptoms had decreased. Likewise, episodes of recurrent colds decreased from 5.96 ± 1.41 to 2.55 ± 0.37; bacterial complications of 3.09 ± 0.75 to 0.61 ± 0.06 and persistent nasal obstruction of 1.92 ± 0.27 to 0.26 ± 0.05. The degree of satisfaction of the families with the program was very high. Conclusions: The application of the Traditional Mediterranean Diet could have promising effects in the prevention and treatment of otitis media with effusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases)
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11 pages, 449 KiB  
Article
Ingestion of Okinawa Island Vegetables Increases IgA Levels and Prevents the Spread of Influenza RNA Viruses
by Kenji Gonda, Hideto Kanazawa, Goki Maeda, Chisa Matayoshi, Naoto Hirose, Yukiteru Katsumoto, Koji Kono and Seiichi Takenoshita
Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 1773; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13061773 - 22 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3357
Abstract
Background: It has been hypothesized that flavonoid ingestion stimulates immunity, promotes health, and prevents human illness. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the association of the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) with the prevention of influenza infections and with the polyphenols [...] Read more.
Background: It has been hypothesized that flavonoid ingestion stimulates immunity, promotes health, and prevents human illness. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the association of the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) with the prevention of influenza infections and with the polyphenols contained in Okinawan vegetables. Methods: IgA, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels were measured in 44 outpatients who regularly ingested vegetables grown on Okinawa Island (200–300 g/day for ≥ 300 days/year) with no history of influenza infection and in 73 patients who ingested the vegetables irregularly or not at all with a history of influenza infection. Results: The patients who regularly ate Okinawan vegetables had higher IgA, IgG, and IgM levels than those who did not. On the other hand, patients who did not consume Okinawan vegetables and had influenza had lower IgA, IgG, and IgM levels. In addition, the IgA and IgG levels showed significant positive correlations with the sIL-2R levels in both groups. Conclusions: It may be beneficial to eat vegetables abundant in polyphenols every day. Secretory IgA antibodies are an important part of the immune defense against viral diseases. People who ingest Okinawan vegetables have high IgA levels and might be more likely to develop immunity against influenza RNA viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases)
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18 pages, 3711 KiB  
Article
Adherence to a Supplemented Mediterranean Diet Drives Changes in the Gut Microbiota of HIV-1-Infected Individuals
by Roque Pastor-Ibáñez, Juan Blanco-Heredia, Florencia Etcheverry, Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino, Francisco Díez-Fuertes, Rosa Casas, María Ángeles Navarrete-Muñoz, Sara Castro-Barquero, Constanza Lucero, Irene Fernández, Lorna Leal, José Miguel Benito, Marc Noguera-Julian, Roger Paredes, Norma Rallón, Ramón Estruch, David Torrents and Felipe García
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1141; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13041141 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4063
Abstract
Objective: The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those [...] Read more.
Objective: The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those with an altered intestinal microbiota such as people living with HIV. Design: Individuals living with HIV (n = 102) were randomised to receive an SMD with 50 g/day of EVOO and 30 g/day of walnuts (SMD group) or continue with their regular diet (control group) for 12 weeks. Methods: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the validated 14-item MD-Adherence-Screener (MEDAS) from the PREDIMED study. A sub-study classifying the participants according to their MEDAS scores was performed. Results: The lipid profile was improved in the SMD group vs. that in the control group (delta-total cholesterol and delta-B-lipoprotein). The immune activation (CD4+HLADR+CD38+ and CD8+HLADR+CD38+ cells) and IFN-γ-producing T-cells significantly decreased at week 12 compared to the baseline in the SMD group but not in the control group. The gut microbiota in those from the high-adherence group presented significantly high diversity and richness at the end of the intervention. Succinivibrio and Bifidobacterium abundances were influenced by the adherence to the MD and significantly correlated with Treg cells. Conclusion: The Mediterranean diet improved metabolic parameters, immune activation, Treg function, and the gut microbiota composition in HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, Mediterranean diet increased the Bifidobacterium abundances after the intervention, and it was associated to a beneficial profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases)
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Review

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10 pages, 1042 KiB  
Review
Clinical Impact of Mediterranean Diet Adherence before and after Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review
by Isabella Gastaldo, Rosa Casas and Violeta Moizé
Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 393; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14020393 - 17 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2972
Abstract
The population suffering from obesity is rapidly increasing all over the world. Bariatric surgery has shown to be the treatment of choice in patients with severe obesity. A Mediterranean diet has long been acknowledged to be one of the healthiest dietary patterns associated [...] Read more.
The population suffering from obesity is rapidly increasing all over the world. Bariatric surgery has shown to be the treatment of choice in patients with severe obesity. A Mediterranean diet has long been acknowledged to be one of the healthiest dietary patterns associated with a lower incidence of many chronic diseases. The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize the existing research on the clinical impact of a Mediterranean diet before and after bariatric surgery, focusing on its effects on weight loss and improvement in comorbidities. Although the current knowledge is limited, this information could add value and emphasize the importance of adopting a Mediterranean diet before and after bariatric surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases)
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16 pages, 1197 KiB  
Review
Ultra-Processed Foods and Nutritional Dietary Profile: A Meta-Analysis of Nationally Representative Samples
by Daniela Martini, Justyna Godos, Marialaura Bonaccio, Paola Vitaglione and Giuseppe Grosso
Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3390; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13103390 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 122 | Viewed by 11450
Abstract
Excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), as described by the NOVA classification system, represents a potential threat to human health. The nutritional composition of UPFs may explain their observed adverse effects. The present study aimed to provide a quantitative meta-analysis of nationally representative [...] Read more.
Excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), as described by the NOVA classification system, represents a potential threat to human health. The nutritional composition of UPFs may explain their observed adverse effects. The present study aimed to provide a quantitative meta-analysis of nationally representative surveys on the consumption of UPFs and the dietary/nutrient composition of respondents’ diets. A systematic search for relevant studies published prior to July 2021 was conducted via electronic databases. The studies that provided the dietary/nutrient composition of foods categorized according to the NOVA classification system were selected. The association between UPFs and other dietary variables was modelled using ordinary least squares linear regression based on aggregated data extracted from the selected articles. Consumption of UPFs represented up to 80% of total caloric intake in the US and Canada, with confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages being the most consumed items. When considered in relation to other food groups, an inverse linear relation between UPFs and less-processed foods was evident. Increased UPF intake correlated with an increase in free sugars, total fats, and saturated fats, as well as a decrease in fiber, protein, potassium, zinc, and magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, E, B12, and niacin. In conclusion, the data indicate that increased UPF consumption negatively affects the nutritional quality of diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Pattern and Nutrients Intake on Chronic Diseases)
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