Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
9.0
5.9
Journals
Nutrients
Special Issues
Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders
nutrients-logo
Submit to Nutrients Review for Nutrients Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 106559

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Evangelia Charmandari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
2. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
Interests: childhood obesity; adolescent endocrinology; growth disorders; disorders of sex development; gender dysphoria; anorexia nervosa; stress-related disorders; molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. George Mastorakos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Unit of Endocrinology of Exercise and Athletics, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
Interests: metabolism; gestational diabetes; PCOs; endocrinology of the woman; immune and inflammatory disorders in relation to stress system response; endocrinology of exercise and physical activity; endocrine disruptors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Odysseas Androutsos

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics (CND-Lab), Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
Interests: clinical nutrition; pediatric nutrition; obesity; obesity-related diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The maintenance of optimum nutrition in humans depends primarily on normal endocrine function and an adequate diet. The endocrine system, by virtue of the hormonal control exerted on metabolic processes, regulates the requirements for various nutrients. Despite the consumption of an adequate diet, nutritional disturbances might occur in patients with endocrine diseases, thus emphasizing the critical role that the nutritional content of the diet, under certain circumstances, can play in the development of these diseases. Nutritional alterations affect every aspect of the functioning of the endocrine system, leading to serious disorders. The past century was marked, among others, by the classic deficiency disorders, such as iodine-deficiency-related goiter and hypothyroidism, and rickets. On the other hand, urbanization coupled with the increased availability of unhealthy food options led to the epidemic of different nutritional endocrine disorders, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Finally, the endocrine disruptors have a variety of implications ranging from obesity to pubertal disorders.

This Special Issue entitled “Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders” aims to host original articles, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses that will advance our current knowledge and understanding regarding the role of nutrition on the development of endocrine disorders from childhood to adulthood.

Prof. Dr. Evangelia Charmandari
Prof. Dr. George Mastorakos
Dr. Odysseas Androutsos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nutrition and energy balance
  • Obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2
  • Growth, pubertal and thyroid disorders, calcium metabolism
  • Endocrine disruptors

Published Papers (24 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review, Other

17 pages, 2203 KiB  
Article
The Comparison of the Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Its Analogue Bisphenol S (BPS) on the Enteric Nervous System of the Distal Colon in Mice
by Krystyna Makowska, Ewa Lepiarczyk and Slawomir Gonkowski
Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 200; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15010200 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2307
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), commonly used as a plasticizer in various branches of industry has a strong negative effect on living organisms. Therefore, more and more often it is replaced in production of plastics by other substances. One of them is bisphenol S (BPS). [...] Read more.
Bisphenol A (BPA), commonly used as a plasticizer in various branches of industry has a strong negative effect on living organisms. Therefore, more and more often it is replaced in production of plastics by other substances. One of them is bisphenol S (BPS). This study for the first time compares the impact of BPA and BPS on the enteric neurons using double immunofluorescence technique. It has been shown that both BPA and BPS affect the number of enteric neurons containing substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS—a marker of nitrergic neurons) and/or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT- a marker of cholinergic neurons). The changes noted under the impact of both bisphenols are similar and consisted of an increase in the number of enteric neurons immunoreactive to all neuronal factors studied. The impact of BPS on some populations of neurons was stronger than that noted under the influence of BPA. The obtained results clearly show that BPS (similarly to BPA) administered for long time is not neutral for the enteric neurons even in relatively low doses and may be more potent than BPA for certain neuronal populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 633 KiB  
Article
Effect of Aqueous Cinnamon Extract on the Postprandial Glycemia Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Ana Paula Rachid, Margarida Moncada, Maria Fernanda de Mesquita, José Brito, Maria Alexandra Bernardo and Maria Leonor Silva
Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1576; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14081576 - 10 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5158
Abstract
Cinnamon is a spice used in traditional cuisine that has been investigated due to hypoglycemic properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous cinnamon extract on postprandial glycemia levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) adults. This clinical [...] Read more.
Cinnamon is a spice used in traditional cuisine that has been investigated due to hypoglycemic properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous cinnamon extract on postprandial glycemia levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) adults. This clinical trial enrolled 36 adults with DM2, randomly allocated in two groups: the control group (n = 18) took only an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the intervention group (n = 18) took OGTT immediately followed by aqueous cinnamon extract (6 g/100 mL) ingestion. Blood glucose levels were measured on fasting and after 30, 60, 90 and 120 min in both groups. The chemical analysis of the aqueous cinnamon extract included total phenols content determination and antioxidant activity assessment through FRAP and DPPH methods. The data reveal that aqueous cinnamon extract ingestion did not show a significant difference in the incremental area under the curve (p = 0.834), maximum glucose concentration (p = 0.527) and glucose concentration variation (p = 0.873) compared with the control group. Cinnamon extract possess a total phenol content of 1554.9 mg/L gallic acid equivalent and a strong antioxidant capacity, revealed by the DPPH (5125.0 µmol Trolox/L) and FRAP (3658.8 µmol Trolox/L) tests. Aqueous cinnamon extract did not significantly influence postprandial glucose response in diabetic patients during an OGTT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1836 KiB  
Article
Selected Organ and Endocrine Complications According to BMI and the Metabolic Category of Obesity: A Single Endocrine Center Study
by Ewa Malwina Milewska, Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska, Martyna Marciniak, Aleksandra Krygier, Agnieszka Dobrowolska and Marek Ruchala
Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1307; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14061307 - 20 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2558
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and complex disease associated with metabolic, organ and endocrine complications. In the study, we analyzed a group of 105 patients suffering from obesity without any other previously recognized serious disorders who had been referred to a single endocrine center. [...] Read more.
Obesity is a chronic and complex disease associated with metabolic, organ and endocrine complications. In the study, we analyzed a group of 105 patients suffering from obesity without any other previously recognized serious disorders who had been referred to a single endocrine center. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of selected organ and endocrine complications by subdividing the group, firstly according to body mass index (BMI) and secondly with regard to metabolic syndrome (MetS), pre-MetS and the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) category. We have observed that in our groups, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) depended on BMI category, whereas the incidence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, OSA, hypothyroidism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes was related to the metabolic category. We concluded that the distribution of particular organ and endocrine complications change significantly with increased BMI and with the shift from MHO to pre-MetS and MetS. Thus, to determine the risk of organ and endocrine complications more effectively, BMI and metabolic status should be assessed during the examination of patients with obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 937 KiB  
Article
Adolescent Self-Efficacy for Diet and Exercise Following a School-Based Multicomponent Lifestyle Intervention
by Vasiliki Efthymiou, Evangelia Charmandari, Dimitrios Vlachakis, Artemis Tsitsika, Artur Pałasz, George Chrousos and Flora Bacopoulou
Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 97; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14010097 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4728
Abstract
Self-efficacy is perhaps the most important parameter associated with behavioral changes. The main aim of this study was to provide insight into the diet and exercise self-efficacy of Greek adolescents and how they could be modified via a multilevel multicomponent school-based lifestyle intervention. [...] Read more.
Self-efficacy is perhaps the most important parameter associated with behavioral changes. The main aim of this study was to provide insight into the diet and exercise self-efficacy of Greek adolescents and how they could be modified via a multilevel multicomponent school-based lifestyle intervention. Secondary aims were to study the associations of students’ dietary and exercise self-efficacy indices with their anthropometric and sociodemographic parameters. A representative sample of the adolescent population in Attica, consisting of 1610 adolescents aged 12–17 years, recruited from 23 public high schools in three municipalities of the Attica area in Greece, received a three-component lifestyle educational intervention for health promotion and underwent screening for characteristics of metabolic syndrome with the use of portable telemedicine. All assessments and anthropometric measurements were performed at baseline and after the 6-month intervention. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Assessment tools included the Self-efficacy for Diet and the Self-efficacy for Exercise questionnaires, as well as the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents (KIDMED). Analysis included 1020 adolescent students (421 males and 599 females), who completed the self-efficacy questionnaires pre- and post-intervention. Overall, the dietary (p < 0.001) and exercise (p < 0.001) self-efficacy increased significantly post-intervention. Post-intervention, all adolescents decreased their abdominal obesity indices (WC, WHtR, WHR), and this improvement was even more pronounced and significant (p = 0.019, p = 0.019, p = 0.023 respectively) in the adolescents with overweight/obesity. Post-intervention, the proportion of adolescents with normal weight increased from 73.9% to 78.6%, whereas the proportion of adolescents with overweight and obesity decreased from 20.4% to 15.9% and from 5.7% to 5.5%, respectively. Abdominal obesity also decreased from 10.4% to 9.0%. Female adolescents achieved significantly (p = 0.010) higher changes in diet self-efficacy than males. Other sociodemographic characteristics such as family structure, parental age, parental educational level and family income showed non-significant differences. Adolescents with higher KIDMED scores manifested significantly higher dietary and exercise self-efficacy than those with lower KIDMED scores. Both adolescents with normal weight and overweight/obesity manifested a reciprocal relation between diet and exercise self-efficacy. Multicomponent lifestyle interventions in the school environment may provide a first step in students’ behavior changes and provide grounds for future prevention programs in youth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 6376 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Mechanisms of Recovery in Anorexia Nervosa through a Translational Approach: From Original Ecological Measurements in Human to Brain Tissue Analyses in Mice
by Philibert Duriez, Ida A. K. Nilsson, Ophelia Le Thuc, David Alexandre, Nicolas Chartrel, Carole Rovere, Christophe Chauveau, Philip Gorwood, Virginie Tolle and Odile Viltart
Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2786; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13082786 - 13 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3303
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder where caloric restriction, excessive physical activity and metabolic alterations lead to life-threatening situations. Despite weight restoration after treatment, a significant part of patients experience relapses. In this translational study, we combined clinical and preclinical approaches. [...] Read more.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder where caloric restriction, excessive physical activity and metabolic alterations lead to life-threatening situations. Despite weight restoration after treatment, a significant part of patients experience relapses. In this translational study, we combined clinical and preclinical approaches. We describe preliminary data about the effect of weight gain on the symptomatology of patients suffering from acute AN (n = 225) and partially recovered (n = 41). We measured more precisely physical activity with continuous cardiac monitoring in a sub-group (n = 68). Using a mouse model, we investigated whether a long-term food restriction followed by nutritional recovery associated or not with physical activity may differentially impact peripheral and central homeostatic regulation. We assessed the plasma concentration of acyl ghrelin, desacyl ghrelin and leptin and the mRNA expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and their receptors. Our data show an effect of undernutrition history on the level of physical activity in AN. The preclinical model supports an important role of physical activity in the recovery process and points out the leptin system as one factor that can drive a reliable restoration of metabolic variables through the hypothalamic regulation of neuropeptides involved in feeding behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1361 KiB  
Article
A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary, Personalized, Lifestyle Intervention Program Is Associated with Increased Leukocyte Telomere Length in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity
by George Paltoglou, Christina Raftopoulou, Nicolas C. Nicolaides, Sofia M. Genitsaridi, Sofia I. Karampatsou, Marina Papadopoulou, Penio Kassari and Evangelia Charmandari
Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2682; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13082682 - 02 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2862
Abstract
Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is a robust marker of biological aging and is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. We investigated the effect of a structured, comprehensive, multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program of healthy diet and physical exercise [...] Read more.
Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is a robust marker of biological aging and is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. We investigated the effect of a structured, comprehensive, multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program of healthy diet and physical exercise on LTL in 508 children and adolescents (239 males, 269 females; 282 prepubertal, 226 pubertal), aged 10.14 ± 0.13 years. Participants were classified as obese (n = 267, 52.6%), overweight (n = 174, 34.2%), or of normal BMI (n = 67, 13.2%) according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoff points and were studied prospectively for one year. We demonstrated that LTL increased significantly after 1 year of the lifestyle interventions, irrespective of gender, pubertal status, or body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference was the best negative predictor of LTL at initial assessment. The implementation of the lifestyle interventions also resulted in a significant improvement in clinical (BMI, BMI z-score and waist to height ratio) and body composition indices of obesity, inflammatory markers, hepatic enzymes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and lipid profile in all participants. These findings indicate that the increased LTL may be associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and decreased morbidity later in life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 497 KiB  
Article
Indirect Predictors of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comparison of Methods
by Małgorzata Kałużna, Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik, Aleksandra Bykowska-Derda, Jerzy Moczko, Marek Ruchala and Katarzyna Ziemnicka
Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2494; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13082494 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2896
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, is a part of a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides a gold standard measurement of VAT. This study aimed to compare ten different indirect methods of VAT estimation in PCOS women. The study [...] Read more.
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, is a part of a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides a gold standard measurement of VAT. This study aimed to compare ten different indirect methods of VAT estimation in PCOS women. The study included 154 PCOS and 68 age- and BMI-matched control women. Subjects were divided into age groups: 18–30 y.o. and 30–40 y.o. Analysis included: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist/height 0.5 (WHT.5R), visceral adipose index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and fat mass index (FMI). VAT accumulation, android-to-gynoid ratio (A/G), and total body fat (TBF) was measured by DXA. ROC analysis revealed that WHtR, WHT.5R, WC, BMI, and LAP demonstrated the highest predictive value in identifying VAT in the PCOS group. Lower cut-off values of BMI (23.43 kg/m2) and WHtR (0.45) were determined in the younger PCOS group and higher thresholds of WHtR (0.52) in the older PCOS group than commonly used. Measuring either: WHtR, WHT.5R, WC, BMI, or LAP, could help identify a subgroup of PCOS patients at high cardiometabolic risk. The current observations reinforce the importance of using special cut-offs to identify VAT, dependent on age and PCOS presence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 317 KiB  
Article
Untargeted Plasma Metabolomics Unravels a Metabolic Signature for Tissue Sensitivity to Glucocorticoids in Healthy Subjects: Its Implications in Dietary Planning for a Healthy Lifestyle
by Nicolas C. Nicolaides, Maria-Konstantina Ioannidi, Eleni Koniari, Ifigeneia Papageorgiou, Anastasia Bartzeliotou, Amalia Sertedaki, Maria I. Klapa and Evangelia Charmandari
Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 2120; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13062120 - 21 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3421
Abstract
In clinical practice, differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity among healthy subjects may influence the outcome and any adverse effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, a fast and accurate methodology that could enable the classification of individuals based on their tissue glucocorticoid sensitivity would be of [...] Read more.
In clinical practice, differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity among healthy subjects may influence the outcome and any adverse effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, a fast and accurate methodology that could enable the classification of individuals based on their tissue glucocorticoid sensitivity would be of value. We investigated the usefulness of untargeted plasma metabolomics in identifying a panel of metabolites to distinguish glucocorticoid-resistant from glucocorticoid-sensitive healthy subjects who do not carry mutations in the human glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene. Applying a published methodology designed for the study of glucocorticoid sensitivity in healthy adults, 101 healthy subjects were ranked according to their tissue glucocorticoid sensitivity based on 8:00 a.m. serum cortisol concentrations following a very low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Ten percent of the cohort, i.e., 11 participants, on each side of the ranking, with no NR3C1 mutations or polymorphisms, were selected, respectively, as the most glucocorticoid-sensitive and most glucocorticoid-resistant of the cohort to be analyzed and compared with untargeted blood plasma metabolomics using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The acquired metabolic profiles were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis methods. Nineteen metabolites were identified with significantly lower abundance in the most sensitive compared to the most resistant group of the cohort, including fatty acids, sugar alcohols, and serine/threonine metabolism intermediates. These results, combined with a higher glucose, sorbitol, and lactate abundance, suggest a higher Cori cycle, polyol pathway, and inter-tissue one-carbon metabolism rate and a lower fat mobilization rate at the fasting state in the most sensitive compared to the most resistant group. In fact, this was the first study correlating tissue glucocorticoid sensitivity with serine/threonine metabolism. Overall, the observed metabolic signature in this cohort implies a worse cardiometabolic profile in the most glucocorticoid-sensitive compared to the most glucocorticoid-resistant healthy subjects. These findings offer a metabolic signature that distinguishes most glucocorticoid-sensitive from most glucocorticoid-resistant healthy subjects to be further validated in larger cohorts. Moreover, they support the correlation of tissue glucocorticoid sensitivity with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome-associated pathways, further emphasizing the need for nutritionists and doctors to consider the tissue glucocorticoid sensitivity in dietary and exercise planning, particularly when these subjects are to be treated with glucocorticoids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
14 pages, 318 KiB  
Article
The Effect of a Life-Style Intervention Program of Diet and Exercise on Irisin and FGF-21 Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity
by Sofia I. Karampatsou, Sofia M. Genitsaridi, Athanasios Michos, Eleni Kourkouni, Georgia Kourlaba, Penio Kassari, Yannis Manios and Evangelia Charmandari
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1274; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13041274 - 13 Apr 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3180
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represent major public health problems of our century, and account for increased morbidity and mortality in adult life. Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21) have been proposed as prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers in subjects with [...] Read more.
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represent major public health problems of our century, and account for increased morbidity and mortality in adult life. Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21) have been proposed as prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers in subjects with obesity and metabolic syndrome, because they increase earlier than other traditional biomarkers. We determined the concentrations of Irisin and FGF-21 in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity before and after one year of a life-style intervention program of diet and physical exercise and explored the impact of body mass index (BMI) reduction on the concentrations of Irisin, FGF-21 and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Three hundred and ten (n = 310) children and adolescents (mean age ± SD: 10.5 ± 2.9 years) were studied prospectively. Following one year of the life-style intervention program, there was a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.024), waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.024), and Irisin concentrations (p = 0.001), and an improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors. There was no alteration in FGF-21 concentrations. These findings indicate that Irisin concentrations decreased significantly as a result of BMI reduction in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Further studies are required to investigate the potential role of Irisin as a biomarker for monitoring the response to lifestyle interventions and for predicting the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
11 pages, 933 KiB  
Article
Circulating GLP-1 Levels as a Potential Indicator of Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Adult Women
by Min Joo Seon, So Yoon Hwang, Yujeong Son, Juhyun Song and Oh Yoen Kim
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 865; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13030865 - 06 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2670
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone, plays an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis. In this study, the applicability of circulating GLP-1 levels as an early indicator of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk was examined. Women without diagnosed diseases were grouped according to their [...] Read more.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone, plays an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis. In this study, the applicability of circulating GLP-1 levels as an early indicator of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk was examined. Women without diagnosed diseases were grouped according to their number of MetS risk factors (MetS RFs) (no RFs as Super-healthy, n = 61; one or two RFs as MetS risk carriers, n = 60; 3 ≤ RFs as MetS, n = 19). The circulating GLP-1 levels and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were significantly higher in the MetS group than in the other two groups. The GLP-1 levels correlated positively with adiposity, HOMA-IR, blood pressure, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), but not with fasting glucose and lipid profiles, whose significances were maintained after adjustments for age, smoking and drinking habits, menopausal status, and total calorie intake. The GLP-1 levels also increased proportionally with the number of MetS RFs. In the MetS group, the GLP-1 levels were much higher in individuals with obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2). In conclusion, the circulating GLP-1 level may be applicable as a potential early indicator of MetS risk in women without diagnosed diseases. Further study with a large population is needed to confirm the conclusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

16 pages, 1913 KiB  
Review
Metabolic and Nutritional Aspects in Paediatric Patients with Klinefelter Syndrome: A Narrative Review
by Chiara Mameli, Giulia Fiore, Arianna Sangiorgio, Marta Agostinelli, Giulia Zichichi, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti and Elvira Verduci
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2107; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14102107 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6763
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal aneuploidy in males. It is well known that patients with this syndrome have greater mortality and morbidity compared to the general population due to cardiovascular diseases and endocrine metabolism disorders. This augmented risk is due [...] Read more.
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal aneuploidy in males. It is well known that patients with this syndrome have greater mortality and morbidity compared to the general population due to cardiovascular diseases and endocrine metabolism disorders. This augmented risk is due both to hypogonadism and to the syndrome itself. Therefore, correct hormonal replacement therapy and early primary prevention are crucial to these patients. Even though different studies are available on this topic in adult patients, only a few authors have focused on the paediatric population. Thus, in this narrative review, we report the current knowledge of metabolic and nutritional aspects in children with Klinefelter syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 842 KiB  
Review
Association between Telomere Length and Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review
by Christina Raftopoulou, George Paltoglou and Evangelia Charmandari
Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1244; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14061244 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2690
Abstract
Objective: Telomere length (TL) is a robust marker of biological aging, and increased telomere attrition is noted in adults with obesity. The primary objective of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge on the effects of childhood obesity in TL. The secondary [...] Read more.
Objective: Telomere length (TL) is a robust marker of biological aging, and increased telomere attrition is noted in adults with obesity. The primary objective of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge on the effects of childhood obesity in TL. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of weight management interventions in TL. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Heal-link.gr from inception to September 2021. The search was performed using the following combinations of terms: “telomer*” [All Fields] AND (“length” [All Fields] OR “lengths” [All Fields]) AND “obes*” [All Fields] AND (“child*” [All Fields] OR “adolescen*” [All Fields]). Results: A total of 16 original articles were included in this systematic review. Eleven of them were cross-sectional and five were lifestyle interventions. Conclusions: There was a tendency towards a negative association between childhood obesity and TL. Life-style interventions in children have been associated with increased TL peripherally, indicating a possible association of the redistribution of younger cells in the periphery with the favorable effect of these interventions. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes that employ other markers of cell aging would potentially elucidate this important mechanistic relation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 357 KiB  
Review
Effects on Puberty of Nutrition-Mediated Endocrine Disruptors Employed in Agriculture
by Anastasia Konstantina Sakali, Alexandra Bargiota, Ioannis G. Fatouros, Athanasios Jamurtas, Djuro Macut, George Mastorakos and Maria Papagianni
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4184; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13114184 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3283
Abstract
Pesticide residues are largely found in daily consumed food because of their extensive use in farming and their long half-life, which prolongs their presence in the environment. Many of these pesticides act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals after pre- or postnatal exposure, significantly affecting, among [...] Read more.
Pesticide residues are largely found in daily consumed food because of their extensive use in farming and their long half-life, which prolongs their presence in the environment. Many of these pesticides act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals after pre- or postnatal exposure, significantly affecting, among other things, the time of puberty onset, progression, and completion. In humans, precocious or delayed puberty, and early or delayed sexual maturation, may entail several negative long-term health implications. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the impact of endocrine-disrupting pesticides upon the timing of the landmarks of female and male puberty in both animals (vaginal opening, first estrus, and balanopreputial separation) and humans (thelarche, menarche, gonadarche). Moreover, we explore the possible mechanisms of action of the reviewed endocrine-disrupting pesticides on the human reproductive system. Access to safe, healthy, and nutritious food is fundamental for the maintenance of health and wellbeing. Eliminating the presence of hazardous chemicals in largely consumed food products may increase their nutritional value and be proven beneficial for overall health. Consequently, understanding the effects of human exposure to hazardous endocrine-disrupting pesticides, and legislating against their circulation, are of major importance for the protection of health in vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
9 pages, 4053 KiB  
Review
Diet-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation, Phoenixin, and Subsequent Precocious Puberty
by Georgios Valsamakis, Angeliki Arapaki, Dimitris Balafoutas, Evangelia Charmandari and Nikolaos F. Vlahos
Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3460; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13103460 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3078
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a rise in precocious puberty, especially in girls. At the same time, childhood obesity due to overnutrition and energy imbalance is rising too. Nutrition and fertility are currently facing major challenges in our societies, and are interconnected. Studies have [...] Read more.
Recent studies have shown a rise in precocious puberty, especially in girls. At the same time, childhood obesity due to overnutrition and energy imbalance is rising too. Nutrition and fertility are currently facing major challenges in our societies, and are interconnected. Studies have shown that high-fat and/or high-glycaemic-index diet can cause hypothalamic inflammation and microglial activation. Molecular and animal studies reveal that microglial activation seems to produce and activate prostaglandins, neurotrophic factors activating GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons), thus initiating precocious puberty. GnRH neurons’ mechanisms of excitability are not well understood. In this review, we study the phenomenon of the rise of precocious puberty, we examine the physiology of GnRH neurons, and we review the recent literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that connect diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and diet-induced phoenixin regulation with precocious puberty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1155 KiB  
Review
The Window Matters: A Systematic Review of Time Restricted Eating Strategies in Relation to Cortisol and Melatonin Secretion
by Shreya Chawla, Spyridon Beretoulis, Aaron Deere and Dina Radenkovic
Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2525; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13082525 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 10193
Abstract
Time-Restricted Eating is an eating pattern based on the circadian rhythm which limits daily food intake (usually to ≤12 h/day), unique in that no overt restriction is imposed on the quality, nor quantity, of food intake. This paper aimed to examine the effects [...] Read more.
Time-Restricted Eating is an eating pattern based on the circadian rhythm which limits daily food intake (usually to ≤12 h/day), unique in that no overt restriction is imposed on the quality, nor quantity, of food intake. This paper aimed to examine the effects of two patterns of TRE, traditional TRE, and Ramadan fasting, on two markers of circadian rhythm, cortisol and melatonin. PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to December 2020 for studies examining the effects of time restricted eating on cortisol and melatonin. Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. All Ramadan papers found statistically significant decrease in melatonin (p < 0.05) during Ramadan. Two out of the three Ramadan papers noted an abolishing of the circadian rhythm of cortisol (p < 0.05). The non-Ramadan TRE papers did not examine melatonin, and cortisol changes were mixed. In studies comparing TRE to control diets, Stratton et al. found increased cortisol levels in the non-TRE fasting group (p = 0.0018) and McAllister et al. noted no difference. Dinner-skipping resulted in significantly reduced evening cortisol and non-significantly raised morning cortisol. Conversely, breakfast skipping resulted in significantly reduced morning cortisol. This blunting indicates a dysfunctional HPA axis, and may be associated with poor cardio-metabolic outcomes. There is a paucity of research examining the effects of TRE on cortisol and melatonin. The contrasting effect of dinner and breakfast-skipping should be further examined to ascertain whether timing the feeding window indeed has an impact on circadian rhythmicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 308 KiB  
Review
The Emerging Role of Sfrp5 and Wnt5a in the Pathogenesis of Obesity: Implications for a Healthy Diet and Lifestyle
by Diamanto Koutaki, Athanasios Michos, Flora Bacopoulou and Evangelia Charmandari
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2459; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13072459 - 19 Jul 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3634
Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically worldwide among all age groups. Obesity is characterized by excess fat accumulation and chronic low-grade inflammation. The adipose tissue functions as a metabolically active endocrine organ secreting adipokines. A novel duo of adipokines, [...] Read more.
In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically worldwide among all age groups. Obesity is characterized by excess fat accumulation and chronic low-grade inflammation. The adipose tissue functions as a metabolically active endocrine organ secreting adipokines. A novel duo of adipokines, the anti-inflammatory secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) and the proinflammatory wingless type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family member 5A (Wnt5a), signal via the non-canonical Wnt pathway. Recent evidence suggests that Sfpr5 and Wnt5a play a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic complications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the novel regulatory system of anti-inflammatory Sfrp5 and pro-inflammatory Wnt5a, and their relation to obesity and obesity-related complications. Future studies are required to investigate the potential role of Sfrp5 and Wnt5a as biomarkers for monitoring the response to lifestyle interventions and for predicting the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. These adipokines may also serve as novel therapeutic targets for obesity-related disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
20 pages, 994 KiB  
Review
A Systematic Review of Bisphenol A from Dietary and Non-Dietary Sources during Pregnancy and Its Possible Connection with Fetal Growth Restriction: Investigating Its Potential Effects and the Window of Fetal Vulnerability
by Nikolaos Vrachnis, Nikolaos Loukas, Dionysios Vrachnis, Nikolaos Antonakopoulos, Dimitrios Zygouris, Aggeliki Kοlialexi, Vasilios Pergaliotis, Christos Iavazzo, George Mastorakos and Zoi Iliodromiti
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2426; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13072426 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4331
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is increasingly hypothesized to be a factor contributing to changes in fetal growth velocity. BPA exposure may be environmental, occupational, and/or dietary, with canned foods and plastic bottles contributing significantly. Our systematic review aims to [...] Read more.
Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is increasingly hypothesized to be a factor contributing to changes in fetal growth velocity. BPA exposure may be environmental, occupational, and/or dietary, with canned foods and plastic bottles contributing significantly. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the current literature and to investigate the role of BPA in abnormal fetal growth patterns. A search was conducted in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. A total of 25 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. Eleven of them failed to show a clear relationship between BPA and abnormal fetal growth. The majority of the remaining studies (9/14) found an inverse association of BPA with indicators of fetal growth, whereas three studies suggested increased fetal growth, and two studies produced contradictory findings. Of note, both of the studies that collected a sample (amniotic fluid) directly reflecting BPA concentration in the fetus during the first half of pregnancy revealed an inverse association with birth weight. In conclusion, there is mounting evidence that combined exposure to BPA from dietary and non-dietary sources during pregnancy may contribute to abnormal fetal growth; a tendency towards fetal growth restriction was shown, especially when exposure occurs during the first half. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 607 KiB  
Review
The Role of Diet in Bone and Mineral Metabolism and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
by Matteo Bargagli, Maria Arena, Alessandro Naticchia, Giovanni Gambaro, Sandro Mazzaferro, Daniel Fuster and Pietro Manuel Ferraro
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2328; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13072328 - 07 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5000
Abstract
Bone disorders are a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity and gut malabsorption. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is defined as an appropriate increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, driven by either reduced serum calcium or increased phosphate concentrations, due to an underlying [...] Read more.
Bone disorders are a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity and gut malabsorption. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is defined as an appropriate increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, driven by either reduced serum calcium or increased phosphate concentrations, due to an underlying condition. The available evidence on the effects of dietary advice on secondary hyperparathyroidism confirms the benefit of a diet characterized by decreased phosphate intake, avoiding low calcium and vitamin D consumption (recommended intakes 1000–1200 mg/day and 400–800 UI/day, respectively). In addition, low protein intake in CKD patients is associated with a better control of SHPT risk factors, although its strength in avoiding hyperphosphatemia and the resulting outcomes are debated, mostly for dialyzed patients. Ultimately, a consensus on the effect of dietary acid loads in the prevention of SHPT is still lacking. In conclusion, a reasonable approach for reducing the risk for secondary hyperparathyroidism is to individualize dietary manipulation based on existing risk factors and concomitant medical conditions. More studies are needed to evaluate long-term outcomes of a balanced diet on the management and prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in at-risk patients at. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 578 KiB  
Review
Unravelling the Genetic Basis of Primary Aldosteronism
by Niki Mourtzi, Amalia Sertedaki, Athina Markou, George P. Piaditis and Evangelia Charmandari
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 875; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13030875 - 08 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3087
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA), a condition characterized by autonomous aldosterone hypersecretion, constitutes the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Over the last decade, major breakthroughs have been made in the field of genetics underpinning PA. The advent and wide application of Next Generation Sequencing [...] Read more.
Primary aldosteronism (PA), a condition characterized by autonomous aldosterone hypersecretion, constitutes the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Over the last decade, major breakthroughs have been made in the field of genetics underpinning PA. The advent and wide application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology led to the identification of several somatic and germline mutations associated with sporadic and familial forms of PA. Somatic mutations in ion-channel genes that participate in aldosterone biosynthesis, including KCNJ5, CACNA1D, ATP1A1, and ATP2B3, have been implicated in the development of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). On the other hand, germline variants in CLCN2, KCNJ5, CACNA1H, and CACNA1D genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the familial forms of PA, FH-II, FH-III, and F-IV, as well as PA associated with seizures and neurological abnormalities. However, recent studies have shown that the prevalence of PA is higher than previously thought, indicating the need for an improvement of our diagnostic tools. Further research is required to recognize mild forms of PA and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 692 KiB  
Review
Cardiovascular Imaging in Obesity
by Sophie I. Mavrogeni, Flora Bacopoulou, George Markousis-Mavrogenis, George Chrousos and Evangelia Charmandari
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 744; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13030744 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2919
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century. It accounts for approximately 5% of deaths worldwide, mostly owing to cardiovascular disease and its associated complications. Cardiovascular noninvasive imaging may provide early accurate information about hypertrophy and ischemia/fibrosis in [...] Read more.
Obesity represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century. It accounts for approximately 5% of deaths worldwide, mostly owing to cardiovascular disease and its associated complications. Cardiovascular noninvasive imaging may provide early accurate information about hypertrophy and ischemia/fibrosis in obese subjects. Echocardiography and nuclear cardiology have serious limitations in obese subjects owing to poor acoustic window and attenuation artifacts, respectively. Coronary computed tomography angiography can provide information about obstructive coronary disease; however, the use of radiation is a serious disadvantage. Finally, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) holds the promise of an “all in one” examination by combining evaluation of function, wall motion/thickness, stress rest/perfusion, replacement and diffuse fibrosis without radiation. Future studies are required to document the cost/benefit ratio of the CMR in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese children and adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1054 KiB  
Review
Hypothalamic Inflammation as a Potential Pathophysiologic Basis for the Heterogeneity of Clinical, Hormonal, and Metabolic Presentation in PCOS
by Danai Barlampa, Maria Sotiria Bompoula, Alexandra Bargiota, Sophia Kalantaridou, George Mastorakos and Georgios Valsamakis
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 520; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13020520 - 05 Feb 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 8309
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. It is a heterogeneous condition characterized by reproductive, endocrine, metabolic, and psychiatric abnormalities. More than one pathogenic mechanism is involved in its development. On the other hand, the [...] Read more.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. It is a heterogeneous condition characterized by reproductive, endocrine, metabolic, and psychiatric abnormalities. More than one pathogenic mechanism is involved in its development. On the other hand, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in many important functions of the body, including weight balance, food intake, and reproduction. A high-fat diet with a large amount of long-chain saturated fatty acids can induce inflammation in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic neurons can sense extracellular glucose concentrations and participate, with a feedback mechanism, in the regulation of whole-body glucose homeostasis. When consumed nutrients are rich in fat and sugar, and these regulatory mechanisms can trigger inflammatory pathways resulting in hypothalamic inflammation. The latter has been correlated with metabolic diseases, obesity, and depression. In this review, we explore whether the pattern and the expansion of hypothalamic inflammation, as a result of a high-fat and -sugar diet, may contribute to the heterogeneity of the clinical, hormonal, and metabolic presentation in PCOS via pathophysiologic mechanisms affecting specific areas of the hypothalamus. These mechanisms could be potential targets for the development of effective therapies for the treatment of PCOS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 1174 KiB  
Review
The Role of Hypothalamic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Association with Cognitive and Mood Disorders
by Sofia Dionysopoulou, Evangelia Charmandari, Alexandra Bargiota, Nikolaos F Vlahos, George Mastorakos and Georgios Valsamakis
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 498; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13020498 - 03 Feb 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6358
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with cognitive and mood disorders. Recent evidence suggests that obesity may cause hypothalamic inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the hypothesis that there is a causal link between obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation and cognitive and mood disorders. Inflammation may influence [...] Read more.
Obesity is often associated with cognitive and mood disorders. Recent evidence suggests that obesity may cause hypothalamic inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the hypothesis that there is a causal link between obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation and cognitive and mood disorders. Inflammation may influence hypothalamic inter-connections with regions important for cognition and mood, while it may cause dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and influence monoaminergic systems. Exercise, healthy diet, and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, which can reduce hypothalamic inflammation in obese models, could improve the deleterious effects on cognition and mood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

15 pages, 710 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Impact of Bisphenol A on Thyroid Function in Neonates and Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature
by Diamanto Koutaki, George Paltoglou, Aikaterini Vourdoumpa and Evangelia Charmandari
Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 168; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14010168 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3692
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical widely used in plastic products that may have an adverse effect on several physiologic functions in children. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current knowledge of the impact of BPA concentrations [...] Read more.
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical widely used in plastic products that may have an adverse effect on several physiologic functions in children. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current knowledge of the impact of BPA concentrations on thyroid function in neonates, children, and adolescents. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Only case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that assessed the relationship between Bisphenol A and thyroid function in neonates and children aged <18 years were included. Initially, 102 articles were assessed, which were restricted to 73 articles after exclusion of duplicates. A total of 73 articles were assessed by two independent researchers based on the title/abstract and the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the eligibility criteria, 18 full-text articles were selected for further assessment. Finally, 12 full-text articles were included in the present systematic review. Results: The presented studies offer data that suggest a negative correlation of BPA concentrations with TSH in children, a gender-specific manner of action, and a potential effect on proper neurodevelopment. However, the results are inconclusive with respect to specific thyroid hormone concentrations and the effect on thyroid autoimmunity. Conclusion: The potential negative effect of BPA in the developing thyroid gland of children that may affect proper neurodevelopment, suggesting the need to focus future research on designing studies that elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the effects of BPA in thyroid function in early life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 3372 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Dietary Supplements on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Network Meta-Analysis
by Christos Chatzakis, Alexandros Sotiriadis, Evangelia Tsakmaki, Maria Papagianni, George Paltoglou, Konstantinos Dinas and George Mastorakos
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2284; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13072284 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4094
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exacerbates the oxidative stress status of the pregnant women. Τo improve the oxidative stress status, several therapeutic interventions have been suggested. The aim of this network meta-analysis is to assess the effect of different dietary supplements on the [...] Read more.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exacerbates the oxidative stress status of the pregnant women. Τo improve the oxidative stress status, several therapeutic interventions have been suggested. The aim of this network meta-analysis is to assess the effect of different dietary supplements on the oxidative stress status in pregnant women with GDM. Methods: A network meta-analysis of randomized control trials was performed comparing the changes delta (Δ) in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) as primary outcomes, following different therapeutic interventions with dietary supplements in pregnant women with GDM. Four electronic databases and grey literature sources were searched. The secondary outcomes were other markers of oxidative stress. Results: The meta-analysis included 16 studies of 1173 women with GDM. Regarding ΔTAC: probiotics and omega-3 with vitamin E were superior to placebo/no intervention. Regarding ΔMDA: vitamin D with calcium, omega-3, vitamin D, omega-3 with vitamin E, magnesium with zinc and calcium, and probiotics were superior to placebo/no intervention. Conclusions: Administration of dietary supplements in women with GDM can be helpful in limiting the oxidative stress which develop in these pregnancies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Endocrine Disorders)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-24
Back to TopTop