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Nutrients
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Role of Olfaction in Food Intake, Metabolism, Energy Balance and...
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Role of Olfaction in Food Intake, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Obesity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 5074

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Roberto Massimo Crnjar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Interests: taste perception; olfactory perception; insect-host plant interaction; electrophysiological recordings; chemosensory input and behavioral output; food choices and food intake; transduction mechanisms of chemosensory systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giorgia Sollai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Interests: taste perception; olfactory perception; insect-host plant interaction; electrophysiological recordings; chemosensory input and behavioral output; food choices and food intake; transduction mechanisms of chemosensory systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Olfaction is a major sensory modality involved in the perception of the composition of the external environment, playing an important role in eating behavior and food choices, social relationships, and identification of environmental dangers. The olfactory system shows the ability to gather and process information simultaneously from the external and internal environment; in fact, olfactory receptors are also present in organs outside the nasal cavity where they bind to molecules such as nutrients and metabolites from the animal’s internal environment to elicit physiological responses, such as regulation of appetite. There is a direct action of metabolic peptides on the olfactory network: orexigenic peptides increase olfactory sensitivity, while anorexigenic hormones decrease it. The olfactory system regulates food intake, food choices and energy balance, by participating in the cephalic phase responses and interacting with central nervous circuitries. 

For this Special Issue on “Role of Olfaction in Food Intake, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Obesity”, we invite original research articles and comprehensive reviews directly linking olfactory implications with nutrition, metabolism and body weight

Prof. Dr. Roberto Massimo Crnjar
Prof. Dr. Giorgia Sollai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • olfaction
  • eating behavior
  • food choices
  • metabolism
  • energy balance
  • body mass index

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2193 KiB  
Article
Acute Fasting Modulates Food-Seeking Behavior and Neural Signaling in the Piriform Cortex
by Fung-Yin Ngo, Huanhuan Li, Huiqi Zhang and Chun-Yue Geoffrey Lau
Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4156; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14194156 - 06 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
It is well known that the state of hunger can modulate hormones and hypothalamic neural circuits to drive food-seeking behavior and consumption. However, the role the sensory cortex plays in regulating foraging is much less explored. Here, we investigated whether acute fasting in [...] Read more.
It is well known that the state of hunger can modulate hormones and hypothalamic neural circuits to drive food-seeking behavior and consumption. However, the role the sensory cortex plays in regulating foraging is much less explored. Here, we investigated whether acute fasting in mice can alter an odor-guided foraging behavior and how it can alter neurons and synapses in the (olfactory) piriform cortex (PC). Acute hunger enhances the motivation of a mouse to search for food pellets and increases food intake. The foraging behavior strongly activates the PC, as revealed by c-Fos immunostaining. The activation of PC is accompanied by an increase in excitation–inhibition ratio of synaptic density. Fasting also enhances the phosphorylation of AMP kinase, a biochemical energy regulator. Taken together, our results uncover a new regulatory brain region and implicate the PC in controlling foraging behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Olfaction in Food Intake, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Obesity)
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15 pages, 3060 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Olfactory Function and BMI in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects and Patients with Overweight or Obesity
by Fernanda Velluzzi, Andrea Deledda, Maurizio Onida, Andrea Loviselli, Roberto Crnjar and Giorgia Sollai
Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1262; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14061262 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2840
Abstract
Smell plays a critical role in food choice and intake by influencing energy balance and body weight. Malnutrition problems or modified eating behaviors have been associated with olfactory impairment or loss. The obesity epidemic is a serious health problem associated with an increased [...] Read more.
Smell plays a critical role in food choice and intake by influencing energy balance and body weight. Malnutrition problems or modified eating behaviors have been associated with olfactory impairment or loss. The obesity epidemic is a serious health problem associated with an increased risk of mortality and major physical comorbidities. The etiopathogenesis of obesity is complex and multifactorial, and one of the main factors contributing to the rapid increase in its incidence is the environment in which we live, which encourages the overconsumption of foods rich in energy, such as saturated fats and sugars. By means of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test, we measured the olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification score (TDI score) in patients of the Obesity Center of the University Hospital (OC; n = 70) and we compared them with that of healthy normal weight controls (HC; n = 65). OC patients demonstrated a significantly lower olfactory function than HC subjects both general and specific for the ability to discriminate and identify odors, even when they were considered separately as females and males. For OC patients, a negative correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and olfactory scores obtained by each subject, both when they were divided according to gender and when they were considered all together. Besides, normosmic OC patients showed a significantly lower BMI than hyposmic ones. A reduced sense of smell may contribute to obesity involving the responses of the cephalic phase, with a delay in the achievement of satiety and an excessive intake of high-energy foods and drinks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Olfaction in Food Intake, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Obesity)
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