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Pancreatic Disease and Pancreatic Cancer: The Role of Nutrition, Diet in Prevention and Treatment

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Asta Bye

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
Regional Advisory Unit for Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Interests: Nutrition and nutritional problems in cancer; Malnutrition and nutritional assessment; Nutritional interventions in disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The pancreas plays a major role in nutrient digestion. Diseases in the pancreas such as acute and chronic pancreatitis and Pancreatic cancer, may therefor lead to pancreatic insufficiency, impairing digestive and absorptive processes. These changes can lead to malnutrition over time as well as declining physical performance, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with high symptom burden and risk of developing cancer cachexia. Additionally, does nutrition play an important role as a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer.

Thus, important to all patients with pancreatic diseases will be to fill in knowledge gaps on how to prevent, detect and monitor malnutrition and to improve physical function and QoL.

In this Special Issue, Pancreatic Disease and Pancreatic Cancer: The Role of Nutrition, Diet in Prevention and Treatment, we invite articles that expand our knowledge of the role of nutrition in prevention and treatment of malnutrition and cachexia in pancreatic diseases. Articles that shed light on dietary intake during the disease trajectory and associations to optimal symptom management and nutritional status are particularly welcome.

Dr. Asta Bye
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Pancreatic cancer
Malnutrition
Cancer cachexia
Dietary intake
Nutritional impact symptoms
Nutrition interventions

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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20 pages, 2002 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ketogenic Diets in Pancreatic Cancer and Associated Cachexia: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives

by Natalia E. Cortez and Gerardo G. Mackenzie

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3202; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13093202 - 15 Sep 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6839

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and extremely therapy-resistant cancer. It is estimated that up to 80% of PDAC patients present with cachexia, a multifactorial disorder characterized by the involuntary and ongoing wasting of skeletal muscle that affects therapeutic response and survival. During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in exploring dietary interventions to complement the treatment of PDAC and associated cachexia. Ketogenic diets (KDs) have gained attention for their anti-tumor potential. Characterized by a very low carbohydrate, moderate protein, and high fat composition, this diet mimics the metabolic changes that occur in fasting. Numerous studies report that a KD reduces tumor growth and can act as an adjuvant therapy in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However, research on the effect and mechanisms of action of KDs on PDAC-associated cachexia is limited. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence of the impact of KDs in PDAC treatment and cachexia mitigation. Furthermore, we discuss key cellular mechanisms that explain KDs’ potential anti-tumor and anti-cachexia effects, focusing primarily on reprogramming of cell metabolism, epigenome, and the gut microbiome. Finally, we provide a perspective on future research needed to advance KDs into clinical use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pancreatic Disease and Pancreatic Cancer: The Role of Nutrition, Diet in Prevention and Treatment)

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Other

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11 pages, 2603 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Optimal Perioperative Nutrition Therapy for Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Systematic Review with a Component Network Meta-Analysis

by Shang-Yu Wang, Yu-Liang Hung, Chih-Chieh Hsu, Chia-Hsiang Hu, Ruo-Yi Huang, Chang-Mu Sung, Yan-Rong Li, Hao-Wei Kou, Ming-Yang Chen, Shih-Chun Chang, Chao-Wei Lee, Chun-Yi Tsai, Keng-Hao Liu, Jun-Te Hsu, Chun-Nan Yeh, Ta-Sen Yeh, Tsann-Long Hwang, Yi-Yin Jan and Miin-Fu Chen

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4049; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13114049 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3428

Abstract

Numerous strategies for perioperative nutrition therapy for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) have been proposed. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current relevant published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating different nutritional interventions via a traditional network meta-analysis (NMA) and component network meta-analysis (cNMA). EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify the RCTs. The evaluated nutritional interventions comprised standard postoperative enteral nutrition by feeding tube (Postop-SEN), preoperative enteral feeding (Preop-EN), postoperative immunonutrients (Postop-IM), preoperative oral immunonutrient supplement (Preop-IM), and postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The primary outcomes were general, infectious, and noninfectious complications; postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF); and delayed gastric emptying (DGE). The secondary outcomes were mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). The NMA and cNMA were conducted with a frequentist approach. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two primary outcomes, infectious complications and POPF, were positively influenced by nutritional interventions. Preop-EN plus Postop-SEN (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.02~0.72), Preop-IM (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.08~0.62), and Preop-IM plus Postop-IM (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.03~0.37) were all demonstrated to be associated with a decrease in infectious complications. Postop-TPN (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.19~0.71) and Preop-IM plus Postop-IM (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06~0.77) were clinically beneficial for the prevention of POPF. While enteral feeding and TPN may decrease infectious complications and POPF, respectively, Preop-IM plus Postop-IM may provide the best clinical benefit for patients undergoing PD, as this approach decreases the incidence of both the aforementioned adverse effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pancreatic Disease and Pancreatic Cancer: The Role of Nutrition, Diet in Prevention and Treatment)

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