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Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in...
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Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2021) | Viewed by 9285

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Martine Duclos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Interests: exercise physiology; sedentary behaviors; hormones; metabolism; non-communicable chronic diseases; physical capacities; body composition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valérie Julian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
2. Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical school, Salzburg, Austria
Interests: exercise physiology; functional explorations; childhood obesity; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; body composition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The marked increase in obesity-related metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which define metabolic syndrome (MetS), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD), regarded as the manifestation of MetS, is a major public health concern in adolescents. Independently of the persistence of obesity, body mass index during adolescence has been positively associated with cardiovascular death in middle-aged adults. Cardiorespiratory fitness has been recognized as an independent protective factor against the adverse effects of obesity, in particular, cardiovascular but also all-cause mortality, and this has contributed to the generalization of physical activity recommendations, in combination with nutritional interventions, as a cornerstone therapy to improve metabolic and cardiovascular health both at an individual and a population level. In the last 15 years, a positive association between sedentary time and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes has been largely demonstrated among adolescents. Treating obesity through weight loss has a beneficial impact on all components of MetS, including adiposity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance. As several drugs for the management of obesity have limited effectiveness, significant side effects or are still understudied among adolescents, effective and safe novel multidisciplinary strategies are required, targeting nutritional aspects, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. 

This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Physical activity, Sedentary behaviors, Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents”, welcomes the submission of original research or reviews of the scientific literature, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The proposed manuscripts should cover the effects of physical activity, sedentary behaviors and/or diet in the treatment or the prevention of cardiometabolic risks in adolescents, and focus on the mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects.

Prof. Dr. Martine Duclos
Dr. Valérie Julian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adolescents
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cardiometabolic risks
  • obesity
  • diet
  • fitness
  • physical activity
  • body composition
  • exercise physiology
  • sedentary behaviors

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1025 KiB  
Article
Health Behaviors of Austrian Secondary School Teachers and Principals at a Glance: First Results of the From Science 2 School Study Focusing on Sports Linked to Mixed, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets
by Katharina C. Wirnitzer, Clemens Drenowatz, Armando Cocca, Derrick R. Tanous, Mohamad Motevalli, Gerold Wirnitzer, Manuel Schätzer, Gerhard Ruedl and Werner Kirschner
Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1065; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14051065 - 03 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2982
Abstract
Lifestyle behaviors are key contributors to sustainable health and well-being over the lifespan. The analysis of health-related behaviors is crucial for understanding the state of health in different populations, especially teachers who play a critical role in establishing the lifelong health behaviors of [...] Read more.
Lifestyle behaviors are key contributors to sustainable health and well-being over the lifespan. The analysis of health-related behaviors is crucial for understanding the state of health in different populations, especially teachers who play a critical role in establishing the lifelong health behaviors of their pupils. This multidisciplinary, nationwide study aimed to assess and compare lifestyle patterns of Austrian teachers and school principals at secondary levels I and II with a specific focus on physical activity and diet. A total number of 1350 teachers (1.5% of the eligible Austrian sample; 69.7% females; 37.7% from urban areas; mean age: 45.8 ± 11.4 years; mean BMI: 24.2 ± 4.0) completed a standardized online survey following an epidemiological approach. Across the total sample, 34.4% were overweight/obese with a greater prevalence of overweight/obesity in males than females (49.5% vs. 29.2%, p < 0.01) and rural vs. urban environments (35.9% vs. 31.3%). Most participants (89.3%) reported a mixed diet, while 7.9% and 2.9% were vegetarians and vegans, respectively. The average BMI of teachers with mixed diets (24.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2) was significantly higher than vegetarians (23.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2) and vegans (22.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2). Vegans reported a lower level of alcohol intake (p < 0.05) among dietary groups. There was no between-group difference in smoking (p > 0.05). The prevalence of engagement in regular physical activity was 88.7% for leisure-time sports/exercises and 29.2% for club sports. Compared with the previous reports on general populations, the present data suggest an acceptable overall health status among Austrian teachers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents)
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13 pages, 691 KiB  
Article
Predictors of Post-Exercise Energy Intake in Adolescents Ranging in Weight Status from Overweight to Severe Obesity
by Nicole Fearnbach, Amanda E. Staiano, Neil M. Johannsen, Daniel S. Hsia, Robbie A. Beyl, Owen T. Carmichael and Corby K. Martin
Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 223; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14010223 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2447
Abstract
Exercise may sensitize individuals with overweight and obesity to appetitive signals (e.g., hunger and fullness cues), overriding trait eating behaviors that contribute to overeating and obesity, such as uncontrolled eating. The objective of the current study was to measure predictors of objective ad [...] Read more.
Exercise may sensitize individuals with overweight and obesity to appetitive signals (e.g., hunger and fullness cues), overriding trait eating behaviors that contribute to overeating and obesity, such as uncontrolled eating. The objective of the current study was to measure predictors of objective ad libitum energy intake at a laboratory-based, post-exercise test-meal in adolescents ranging in weight status from overweight to severe obesity. We hypothesized that appetitive states, rather than appetitive traits, would be the strongest predictors of energy intake at a post-exercise test-meal, after controlling for body size. At Baseline, 30 adolescents (ages 10–16 years, 50% female (F), 43% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 83% with obesity (OB)) completed state and trait appetite measures and an ad libitum dinner meal following intensive exercise. Nineteen of those participants (47% F, 32% NHW, 79% OB) completed identical assessments two years later (Year 2). Energy intake (kcal) at each time point was adjusted for fat-free mass index (i.e., body size). Adjusted energy intake was reliable from Baseline to Year 2 (ICC = 0.84). Multiple pre-meal appetite ratings were associated with test-meal energy intake. In stepwise linear regression models, pre-meal prospective food consumption was the strongest and only significant predictor of test-meal energy intake at both Baseline (R2 = 0.25, p = 0.005) and Year 2 (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003). Baseline post-exercise energy intake was associated with weight change over two years (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.04), but not with change in fat mass (p = 0.11). Appetitive traits were not associated with weight or body composition change (p > 0.22). State appetite cues were the strongest predictors of post-exercise energy intake, independent of body size. Future studies should examine whether long-term exercise programs enhance responsiveness to homeostatic appetite signals in youth with overweight and obesity, with a goal to reduce excess energy intake and risk for weight gain over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents)
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14 pages, 1563 KiB  
Article
Association between Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis and the Physical Activity—Sedentary Profile of Adolescents with Obesity: A Complementary Analysis of the Beta-JUDO Study
by Valérie Julian, Iris Ciba, Roger Olsson, Marie Dahlbom, Dieter Furthner, Julian Gomahr, Katharina Maruszczak, Katharina Morwald, Thomas Pixner, Anna Schneider, Bruno Pereira, Martine Duclos, Daniel Weghuber, David Thivel, Peter Bergsten and Anders Forslund
Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 60; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14010060 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3061
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent in children and adolescents with obesity and places them at an increased risk of cardiovascular-related diseases. However, the associations between objectively measured movement-related behaviors and MetS diagnosis remain unexplored in youths with obesity. The aim was to [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent in children and adolescents with obesity and places them at an increased risk of cardiovascular-related diseases. However, the associations between objectively measured movement-related behaviors and MetS diagnosis remain unexplored in youths with obesity. The aim was to compare profiles of sedentary (SED) time (more sedentary, SED+ vs. less sedentary, SED−), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time (more active, MVPA+ vs. less active, MVPA−) and combinations of behaviors (SED−/MVPA+, SED−/MVPA−, SED+/MVPA+, SED+/MVPA−) regarding the MetS diagnosis. One hundred and thirty-four adolescents with obesity (13.4 ± 2.2 years) underwent 24 h/7 day accelerometry, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and insulin-resistance (IR) assessments. Cumulative cardiometabolic risk was assessed by using (i) MetS status (usual dichotomic definition) and (ii) cardiometabolic risk z-score (MetScore, mean of standardized WC, BP, IR, TG and inverted HDL-c). SED− vs. SED+ and MVPA+ vs. MVPA− had lower MetS (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) and MetScore (p < 0.001). SED−/MVPA+ had the lowest risk. While SED and MVPA times were lower in SED−/MVPA− vs. SED+/MVPA+ (p < 0.001), MetScore was lower in SED−/MVPA− independently of body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). MVPA, but not SED, time was independently associated with MetS diagnosis (p < 0.05). Both MVPA (p < 0.01) and SED times (p < 0.05) were associated with MetScore independently of each other. A higher MVPA and lower SED time are associated with lower cumulative cardiometabolic risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents)
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