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Pathophysiology and Nutritional Interventions to Prevent Hypoglycemia

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2022) | Viewed by 2134

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Chair, Medicine "B", Laniado-sanz Medical Center, 16 Divrey Haim str.Netanya, Israel Affiliated with Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Interests: metabolism; frailty; body composition; hypoglycemia; malnutrition; hospital medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hypoglycemia remains a significant predictor of poor prognosis in all patient populations. While documented more often among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), incident hypoglycemia among patients without DM has similar risk factors and prognosis. This suggests that some of the pathophysiology of incident hypoglycemia is similar, irrespective of diabetes mellitus status.

Despite significant research progress, several key issues of this multifactorial condition remain unclear. There is evidence to show hypoglycemia is associated with severity of acute disease, several comorbidities, and prescribed medications. Researchers have also shown an association between hypoglycemia incidence and severity and poor nutritional status.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present additional information to support the relationship between nutritional status and incident hypoglycemia among patients with and without DM. Furthermore, the only option for prevention of hypoglycemia is to change glucose-lowering medications in DM patients, while among patients without DM, no clear options are available. Nutritional intervention may be a possible treatment for prevention of this condition among all patients. Accepted manuscripts should focus on any of the following subjects:

  • Clinical and basic science evidence supporting the association of nutritional deficits and functional status with incidence of hypoglycemia.
  • Nutritional interventions to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia in specific populations, both in the hospital and community settings.

Dr. Eyal Leibovitz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hypoglycemia
  • glucose metabolism
  • diabetes mellitus
  • nutrition intervention
  • malnutrition
  • oral nutrition supplements
  • prognosis

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1263 KiB  
Article
Reference Ranges of Glycemic Variability in Infants after Surgery—A Prospective Cohort Study
by Halla Kaminska, Pawel Wieczorek, Grzegorz Zalewski, Beata Malachowska, Przemyslaw Kucharski, Wojciech Fendler, Lukasz Szarpak and Przemyslawa Jarosz-Chobot
Nutrients 2022, 14(4), 740; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14040740 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1735
Abstract
We aimed to define reference ranges of glycemic variability indices derived from continuous glucose monitoring data for non-diabetic infants during post-operative intensive care treatment after cardiac surgery procedures. We performed a prospective cohort intervention study in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Non-diabetic [...] Read more.
We aimed to define reference ranges of glycemic variability indices derived from continuous glucose monitoring data for non-diabetic infants during post-operative intensive care treatment after cardiac surgery procedures. We performed a prospective cohort intervention study in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Non-diabetic infants aged 0–12 months after corrective cardiovascular surgery procedures were fitted upon arrival to the PICU with a continuous glucose monitoring system (iPro2, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Thirteen glycemic variability indices were calculated for each patient. Complete recordings of 65 patients were collected on the first postoperative day. During the first three postsurgical days 5%, 24% and 43% of patients experienced at least one hypoglycemia episode, and 40%, 10% and 15%—hyperglycemia episode, respectively, in each day. Due to significant differences between the first postoperative day (mean glycemia 130 ± 31 mg/dL) and the second and third day (105 ± 18 mg/dL, 101 ± 22.2 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), we proposed two separate reference ranges—for the acute and steady state patients. Thus, for individual glucose measurements, we proposed a reference range between 85 and 229 mg/dL and 69 and 149 mg/dL. For the mean daily glucose level, ranges between 122 and 137 mg/dL and 95 and 110 mg/dL were proposed. In conclusion, rt-CGM revealed a very high likelihood of hyperglycemia in the first postsurgical day. The widespread use of CGM systems in a pediatric ICU setting should be considered as a safeguard against dysglycemic episodes; however, reference ranges for those patients should be different to those used in diabetes care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology and Nutritional Interventions to Prevent Hypoglycemia)
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