Novel Research on Optometry and Vision Sciences

A special issue of Optics (ISSN 2673-3269). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 14189

Special Issue Editor

Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
Interests: optometry; vision science; contact lens; binocular vision
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently research in Optometry and Vision Sciences covers fields ranging from refractive surgery or binocular vision to the eye surface or contactology. Optometrist and Vision Sciences Research work involves continually making clinical decisions based on the measurements obtained in various diagnostic tests. However, it is necessary to know to what extent we can trust the data collected, the reliability of each test and the margin of error in taking measurements. This is determined in the validation studies.

Research is the present of our profession and must also be the future. This will enable us to obtain more optimized clinical practice. Research is the result of our knowledge power and a source of new inspiration and progress.

This Special Issue invites original research and review articles on recent advances in advanced and clinical optometry, refractive surgery and ocular surface research and binocular vision or contactology innovative studies.

Dr. José-María Sánchez-González
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Optics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clinical optometry
  • binocular vision
  • ocular surface
  • refractive surgery
  • contactology and dry eye disease

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1431 KiB  
Article
Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses for the Correction of Myopia: Factors Influencing the Postoperative Refraction
by Pedro Serra, Ángel Sánchez Trancón, Oscar Torrado Sierra, António Baptista and Santiago Cerpa Manito
Optics 2021, 2(4), 292-305; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/opt2040028 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2515
Abstract
Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation is a refractive technique for the correction of myopia. This study aimed to identify those factors contributing to variability in postoperative refraction. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 73 eyes (one eye per patient) implanted with myopic implantable [...] Read more.
Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation is a refractive technique for the correction of myopia. This study aimed to identify those factors contributing to variability in postoperative refraction. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 73 eyes (one eye per patient) implanted with myopic implantable collamer lenses (ICL). Eyes were divided into two groups, the low myopic group (LMG) (ICL > −9.5 DS) and the high myopic group (HMG) (ICL ≤ −9.5 DS), to compare the predictability, efficacy index, and postoperative refraction between groups. The association of postoperative refraction with anatomical, demographic, and optical features was assessed through correlation analysis and investigated using ray-tracing. Results: Postoperative refraction at 3 months for the whole group was close to emmetropia at −0.02 ± 0.37 DS, the LMG tended toward myopia and the HMG, toward hyperopia. The results showed that 65% and 54% of the eyes had postoperative refraction of within ±0.25 DS, respectively, in the LMG and HMG, and in both groups, 100% were within ±1.00 DS. ICL implantation had a higher efficacy index in the HMG (1.13 ± 0.15) than in the LMG (1.04 ± 0.15). Postoperative refraction was positively associated with the vault (R = 0.408) and negatively correlated with ICL power (R = −0.382). Conclusion: The predictability and effectiveness of ICL implantation is high in a wide range of myopias. Considering the expected vault and including accurate vertex measurements would contribute to improving the predictability of the results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research on Optometry and Vision Sciences)
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10 pages, 2816 KiB  
Article
Customized versus Standard Epithelium Profiles in Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy
by Diego de Ortueta, Dennis von Rüden and Samuel Arba-Mosquera
Optics 2021, 2(4), 266-275; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/opt2040025 - 01 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2634
Abstract
Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) is an established surface ablation technique used to correct refractive errors. Using anterior segment optical coherence (AS-OCT), it is now possible to measure the epithelium thickness and input these data into the laser platform. In this study, we explore [...] Read more.
Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) is an established surface ablation technique used to correct refractive errors. Using anterior segment optical coherence (AS-OCT), it is now possible to measure the epithelium thickness and input these data into the laser platform. In this study, we explore whether better results were obtained in this way. To this end, we retrospectively analyze the results from a low-myopia group treated with a customized epithelium thickness, as measured using AS-OCT, and compare them with the results from a group treated with an optimized standard epithelium thickness. The customized epithelium profile group contains more eyes with vision better than 20/20, and more eyes in this group gain one line of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). In conclusion, with the customized epithelium thickness, we obtain superior results using TransPRK in low-myopia corrections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research on Optometry and Vision Sciences)
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16 pages, 3505 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Myopic Defocus for Myopia Control: Effect on Accommodation, Peripheral Refraction and Retinal Image Quality in Non-Presbyopic Patients
by Alina Fritschi, Chloe Gerber, Damian Eggler and Martin Loertscher
Optics 2021, 2(4), 200-215; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/opt2040019 - 30 Sep 2021
Viewed by 3472
Abstract
Exposing the retina to a simultaneous myopic defocus is an optical method that has shown a promising effect in slowing the progression of myopia. Optical treatments applying a simultaneous defocus are available in the form of soft contact lenses or multifocal lenses originally [...] Read more.
Exposing the retina to a simultaneous myopic defocus is an optical method that has shown a promising effect in slowing the progression of myopia. Optical treatments applying a simultaneous defocus are available in the form of soft contact lenses or multifocal lenses originally designed to correct presbyopia. Orthokeratology is another optical method that slows down the progression of myopia. With orthokeratology, it is hypothesized that a change in peripheral refraction could slow the progression of myopia. We aimed to measure the accommodation response between monofocal and multifocal contact lenses in young subjects. Additionally, we performed a ray-tracing simulation to visualize the quality of the retinal image and the refractive status in the retinal periphery. The accommodation and pupil size measurements were performed on 29 participants aged 24.03 ± 2.73 years with a refractive error (spherical equivalent) of −1.78 ± 1.06 D. With the multifocal lens in situ, our participants showed less accommodation in comparison to the monofocal contact lens (mean difference, 0.576 ± 0.36 D, p > 0.001) when focusing on a near target at 40 cm. Pupil size became smaller in both contact lens groups during an accommodation of 0.29 ± 0.69 mm, p ≤ 0.001 and 0.39 ± 0.46 mm, p ≤ 0.001 for monofocal and multifocal contact lenses, respectively. The ray-tracing model showed a degradation for central and peripheral vision with the multifocal contact lens. The peripheral refraction was relatively myopic in both contact lens conditions up to 30°. Even if the accommodation ability is without fault, parts of simultaneous myopic defocus are used for the near task. The peripheral refraction in the ray-tracing model was not different between the two contact lenses. This is contrary to the proposed hypothesis that myopic peripheral refraction slows down the progression of myopia in current optical methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research on Optometry and Vision Sciences)
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9 pages, 1155 KiB  
Article
Toric Intraocular Lens Results Considering Posterior Corneal Astigmatism with Online Calculators: Phacoemulsification vs. Femtosecond
by Joaquín Fernández, Manuel Rodríguez-Vallejo, Noemí Burguera, Patrizia Salvestrini and Nuria Garzón
Optics 2021, 2(3), 184-192; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/opt2030017 - 03 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2480
Abstract
To evaluate the prediction error (PE) obtained in Phacoemulsification (Phaco) or Femtosecond (Femto) surgeries without considering posterior corneal astigmatism correction (non-PCA) versus the correction based on Abulafia-Koch + Medicontur (AK) and Barrett calculators in toric intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. 58 right eyes [...] Read more.
To evaluate the prediction error (PE) obtained in Phacoemulsification (Phaco) or Femtosecond (Femto) surgeries without considering posterior corneal astigmatism correction (non-PCA) versus the correction based on Abulafia-Koch + Medicontur (AK) and Barrett calculators in toric intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. 58 right eyes were retrospectively retrieved from our database. Two groups formed by 28 and 30 eyes depending on the surgery type, Phaco or Femto respectively, were defined. Astigmatism PE were evaluated considering the approach used for calculation of the implanted IOL power (AK) versus the estimation of PEs in non-PCA and Barrett formula. A doubly-multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the differences between-surgery types, within-methods of calculation, and interaction. Mean centroid PE was significantly different between non-PCA, AK and Barrett approaches (p < 0.0005), and neither differences (p < 0.239) nor interaction (p = 0.672) between Phaco or Femto were found. Post-hoc univariate analysis showed a higher PE for the x-component of the non-PCA method versus AK (0.15 D, p < 0.0005) and non-PCA versus Barrett (0.18 D, p < 0.0005), though no differences were found between AK and Barrett (0.03 D, p = 0.93). Against-the-rule under-correction and with-the-rule overcorrection were found in both arms when PCA was not considered. Both calculators provide comparable clinical results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research on Optometry and Vision Sciences)
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8 pages, 2252 KiB  
Article
Prophylactic Corneal Cross-Linking in Myopic Femtosecond Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis: Long-Term Visual and Refractive Outcomes
by Federico Alonso-Aliste, Jonatan Amián-Cordero, Rahul Rachwani-Anil, Concepción De-Hita-Cantalejo, Davide Borroni, Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada and José-María Sánchez-González
Optics 2021, 2(1), 55-62; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/opt2010006 - 15 Mar 2021
Viewed by 2239
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, predictability, and stability of myopic and astigmatic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with simultaneous prophylactic corneal cross-linking (CXL) in thin corneas. In total, 100 eyes from 50 patients who were subjected to [...] Read more.
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, predictability, and stability of myopic and astigmatic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with simultaneous prophylactic corneal cross-linking (CXL) in thin corneas. In total, 100 eyes from 50 patients who were subjected to myopic and astigmatism femtosecond LASIK with simultaneous prophylactic CXL were included. The design of the study was retrospective, longitudinal, and observational. All patients had a 48-month follow-up. The MEL 80 excimer laser was utilized with the Aberration Smart Ablation platform. CXL treatment was applied when the predicted stromal thickness was less than 330 µm. Patients’ mean age was 30.22 ± 5.97 years. Previous mean spherical equivalent was −5.50 ± 1.65 (−9.50 to −1.13) diopters (D). Postoperative mean spherical equivalent was −0.24 ± 0.29 (−0.85 to +0.50) D. Visual acuity (VA) of 20/20 or better was observed in 87% of the eyes and no eyes experienced VA loss. Spherical equivalent within ±0.50 D was observed in 93% of eyes, and 4% of eyes varied by 0.50 D or more between 3 and 48 months. Prophylactic corneal cross-linking with simultaneous femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis in thin corneas proved to be effective, safe, and predictable. The results remained stable after 48 months of follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research on Optometry and Vision Sciences)
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