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Dear Colleagues,

Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere, behind nitrogen, and it is vital for life on Earth. Oxygen gas reacts with all chemical elements except the noble gases. The products of these chemical reactions are called oxides. Water, the oxide of hydrogen, is the most familiar oxygen compound. Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur oxides (COx, NOx, and SOx) are other known oxygen compounds of great importance for atmospheric and climate processes. There are also highly reactive—and consequently short lived—oxygen species in the atmosphere such as hydrogen radical (OH¯) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Oxygen compounds are retrieved from ground-based and satellite measurements and are simulated by numerical models. We invite you to submit high quality research papers addressing the variability and change of oxygen compounds on short and long time and space scales in the Anthropocene.

Dr. Kostas Eleftheratos
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 3942 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Validation and Bias Correction of Monthly δ¹⁸O Precipitation Time Series from ECHAM5-Wiso Model in Central Europe

by Vasileios Salamalikis and Athanassios A. Argiriou

Oxygen 2022, 2(2), 109-124; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/oxygen2020010 - 03 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1759

Abstract

Simulated stable oxygen isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O) of precipitation from isotope-enabled GCMs (iGCMs) have gained significant visibility nowadays. This study evaluates bias correction techniques to reduce the systematic and dispersion biases of the modelled δ¹⁸O by the ECHAM5-wiso model compared to the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) observations over Central Europe. mean bias error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are substantially reduced by more than 70% and 10%, respectively, depending on the bias correction scheme, with better results for Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and linear scaling approach (SCL) methods. The bias-corrected δ¹⁸O_ECHAM5-wiso values successfully describe the long-term isotopic composition of precipitation and the isotopic amplitude with the best performances for the EQM method. The necessity of applying bias correction algorithms is verified by the excellent agreement between the corrected δ¹⁸O_ECHAM5-wiso with GNIP in high-altitude areas where ECHAM5-wiso fails to reproduce the observed isotopic variability. The results are expected to bring valuable insights into the utilization of iGCMs’ relationships in climate studies for understanding the present and past water cycle under the isotopic perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Variability and Change of Oxygen Compounds in the Atmosphere)

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14 pages, 2958 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sixteen Years of Measurements of Ozone over Athens, Greece with a Brewer Spectrophotometer

by Kostas Eleftheratos, Dimitra Kouklaki and Christos Zerefos

Oxygen 2021, 1(1), 32-45; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/oxygen1010005 - 03 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2972

Abstract

Sixteen years (July 2003–July 2019) of ground-based measurements of total ozone in the urban environment of Athens, Greece, are analyzed in this work. Measurements were acquired with a single Brewer monochromator operating on the roof of the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens since July 2003. We estimate a 16-year climatological mean of total ozone in Athens of about 322 DU, with no significant change since 2003. Ozone data from the Brewer spectrophotometer were compared with TOMS, OMI, and GOME-2A satellite retrievals. The results reveal excellent correlations between the ground-based and satellite ozone measurements greater than 0.9. The variability of total ozone over Athens related to the seasonal cycle, the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO), the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the 11-year solar cycle, and tropopause pressure variability is presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Variability and Change of Oxygen Compounds in the Atmosphere)

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