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Pathogens
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Chlamydia trachomatis Infections
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Chlamydia trachomatis Infections

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 16233

Special Issue Editors

Dr. John Papp

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory Scientific Advisor, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, Division of STD Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
Interests: Sexually Transmitted Disease; Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Dr. Elena Ambrosino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
Interests: international public health; sexual/reproductive health; infectious diseases; immunology; health education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that primarily infects human mucosal sites and may lead to serious sequelae such as reproductive infertility in women or blinding trachoma. . Globally, C trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted infection and is the leading cause of preventable blindness. The continued high prevalence and potential disease outcome from untreated infections underscore the need for aggressive public health interventions.

Tetracycline and macrolide antimicrobial agents are effective in the treatment of C. trachomatis but additional research is requited to better understand the pathogenesis to address ongoing high rates of transmission.

The molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of Chlamydial infections are not completely understood due to the difficulties in establishing reliable animal models and inability to genetically manipulate the organism to elucidate virulence mechanisms.

Overall, many important questions remain about the natural history of C. trachomatis infections, disease progression, epidemiology, and effective disease control strategies.

This Special issue is dedicated to C. trachomatis related pathology and epidemiology. Submissions from researchers investigating C. trachomatis infections and outcomes are welcome. The aim is to provide state-of-the art summaries of current knowledge and explore emerging developments in the understanding of the pathogen, the infection, or their global impact. We look forward to your contribution.

Dr. John Papp
Dr. Elena Ambrosino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Pathogenicity
  • Immunology & Immunogenetics
  • Prevention and Treatment
  • One Health
  • Diagnostics
  • Serology
  • Point of Care Testing
  • Clinical Outcomes
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health impact

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Patients with Imminent Preterm Delivery on the Island of Curaçao
by Aglaia Hage, Naomi C. A. Juliana, Leonie Steenhof, Ralph R. Voigt, Servaas A. Morré, Elena Ambrosino and Nurah M. Hammoud
Pathogens 2022, 11(6), 670; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens11060670 - 09 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections are one of the important risk factors for preterm delivery, which is among the important contributors to perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in women [...] Read more.
Sexually transmitted infections are one of the important risk factors for preterm delivery, which is among the important contributors to perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in women with imminent preterm delivery in Curaçao, an island of the Dutch Caribbean. All women from Curaçao with either preterm premature rupture of the membranes or preterm labor, common indications of imminent preterm delivery, and presenting at the Curaçao Medical Center between 15 November 2019 and 31 December 2020, were included in this single cohort study. Data were retrospectively collected from medical records. The presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was assessed by Cepheid GeneXpert ® (Xpert) CT/NG assay (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). In the included cohort, the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was 15.5% and of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection was 2.1%. All patients infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae were co-infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in patients with imminent preterm delivery in Curaçao is high. It is recommended to test all patients with imminent preterm delivery for these sexually transmitted infections and possibly consider testing all women in early pregnancy on the island. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chlamydia trachomatis Infections)
16 pages, 1001 KiB  
Article
Can Previous Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the TLR2, NOD1, CXCR5, and IL10 Genes in the Susceptibility to and Severity of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Be Confirmed?
by Jelmer B. Jukema, Bernice M. Hoenderboom, Birgit H. B. van Benthem, Marianne A. B. van der Sande, Henry J. C. de Vries, Christian J. P. A. Hoebe, Nicole H. T. M. Dukers-Muijrers, Caroline J. Bax, Servaas A. Morré and Sander Ouburg
Pathogens 2021, 10(1), 48; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens10010048 - 07 Jan 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2328
Abstract
Clear inter-individual differences exist in the response to C. trachomatis (CT) infections and reproductive tract complications in women. Host genetic variation like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with differences in response to CT infection, and SNPs might be used as a [...] Read more.
Clear inter-individual differences exist in the response to C. trachomatis (CT) infections and reproductive tract complications in women. Host genetic variation like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with differences in response to CT infection, and SNPs might be used as a genetic component in a tubal-pathology predicting algorithm. Our aim was to confirm the role of four genes by investigating proven associated SNPs in the susceptibility and severity of a CT infection. A total of 1201 women from five cohorts were genotyped and analyzed for TLR2 + 2477 G > A, NOD1 + 32656 T −> GG, CXCR5 + 10950 T > C, and IL10 − 1082 A > G. Results confirmed that NOD1 + 32656 T −>GG was associated with an increased risk of a symptomatic CT infection (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.1–3.4, p = 0.02), but we did not observe an association with late complications. IL10 − 1082 A > G appeared to increase the risk of late complications (i.e., ectopic pregnancy/tubal factor infertility) following a CT infection (OR = 2.8, 95%CI: 1.1–7.1, p = 0.02). Other associations were not found. Confirmatory studies are important, and large cohorts are warranted to further investigate SNPs’ role in the susceptibility and severity of a CT infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chlamydia trachomatis Infections)
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12 pages, 753 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Three Other Non-Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections among Pregnant Women in Pemba Island Tanzania
by Naomi C.A. Juliana, Saikat Deb, Sander Ouburg, Aishwarya Chauhan, Jolein Pleijster, Said M. Ali, Servaas A. Morré, Sunil Sazawal and Elena Ambrosino
Pathogens 2020, 9(8), 625; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens9080625 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4475
Abstract
Efforts to map the burden of infections globally have shown a high prevalence of genital infections, including Chlamydia trachomatis, in sub-Saharan Africa. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of selected non-viral genital infections among pregnant women in Pemba Island, Tanzania. [...] Read more.
Efforts to map the burden of infections globally have shown a high prevalence of genital infections, including Chlamydia trachomatis, in sub-Saharan Africa. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of selected non-viral genital infections among pregnant women in Pemba Island, Tanzania. Vaginal swabs were collected during pregnancy and stored in eNAT buffer. Detection of C. trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrheae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium pathogens was performed by PCR using validated detection kits. Vaginal samples of 439 pregnant women between 16 and 48 years were tested. In fifty-five (12.5%) of them, at least one genital pathogen was detected. The most prevalent pathogen was T. vaginalis (7.1%), followed by C. trachomatis (4.6%) and M. genitalium (2.1%). None of the vaginal samples tested positive for N. gonorrheae. Consequently, among positive samples, 7.3% were for C. trachomatis and at least one other genital pathogen. This study provides insights on the burden of the four studied genital infections, and on the coinfections among pregnant women in Pemba Island, Tanzania. These results offer a starting point that can be useful to design further research in the field of maternal and child health in Pemba Island. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chlamydia trachomatis Infections)
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11 pages, 2998 KiB  
Article
Effect of Sugars on Chlamydia trachomatis Infectivity
by Giacomo Marziali, Antonella Marangoni, Claudio Foschi, Maria Carla Re and Natalia Calonghi
Pathogens 2020, 9(4), 298; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens9040298 - 17 Apr 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2514
Abstract
Background. Previous works suggest that sugars can have a beneficial effect on C. trachomatis (CT) survival and virulence. In this study, we investigated the effect of different sugars on CT infectivity, elucidating some of the molecular mechanisms behind CT-sugar interaction. Methods. CT infectivity [...] Read more.
Background. Previous works suggest that sugars can have a beneficial effect on C. trachomatis (CT) survival and virulence. In this study, we investigated the effect of different sugars on CT infectivity, elucidating some of the molecular mechanisms behind CT-sugar interaction. Methods. CT infectivity was investigated on HeLa cells after 2 hour-incubation of elementary bodies (EBs) with glucose, sucrose, or mannitol solutions (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 mM). The effect of sugars on EB membrane fluidity was investigated by fluorescence anisotropy measurement, whereas the changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure were examined by cytofluorimetric analysis. By means of a Western blot, we explored the phosphorylation state of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in HeLa cells infected with EBs pre-incubated with sugars. Results. All sugar solutions significantly increased CT infectivity on epithelial cells, acting directly on the EB structure. Sugars induced a significant increase of EB membrane fluidity, leading to changes in LPS membrane exposure. Especially after incubation with sucrose and mannitol, EBs led to a higher FAK phosphorylation, enhancing the activation of anti-apoptotic and proliferative signals in the host cells. Conclusions. Sugars can increase CT infectivity and virulence, by modulating the expression/exposure of chlamydial membrane ligands. Further in-depth studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chlamydia trachomatis Infections)
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9 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence of HSV, HHV-6, HPV and Mycoplasma genitalium in Chlamydia trachomatis positive and Chlamydia trachomatis Negative Urogenital Samples among Young Women in Finland
by Suvi Korhonen, Kati Hokynar, Tiina Eriksson, Kari Natunen, Jorma Paavonen, Matti Lehtinen and Mirja Puolakkainen
Pathogens 2019, 8(4), 276; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens8040276 - 01 Dec 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3577
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause sexually transmitted infections. In addition, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may be a genital co-pathogen. The prevalence rates of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis [...] Read more.
Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause sexually transmitted infections. In addition, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may be a genital co-pathogen. The prevalence rates of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis ompA genotypes were investigated by PCR in urogenital samples of the C. trachomatis nucleic acid amplification test positive (n = 157) and age-, community- and time-matched negative (n = 157) women. The prevalence of HPV DNA was significantly higher among the C. trachomatis positives than the C. trachomatis negatives (66% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of HSV (1.9% vs. 0%), HHV-6 (11% vs. 14%), and M. genitalium DNA (4.5% vs. 1.9%) was not significantly different between the C. trachomatis-positive and -negative women. Thirteen per cent of test-of-cure specimens tested positive for C. trachomatis. The prevalence of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis ompA genotypes did not significantly differ between those who cleared the C. trachomatis infection (n = 105) and those who did not (n = 16). The higher prevalence of HPV DNA among the C. trachomatis positives suggests greater sexual activity and increased risk for sexually transmitted pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chlamydia trachomatis Infections)
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