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Pathogens
Special Issues
Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases in Pigs
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Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases in Pigs

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 10561

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Virginia Aragón

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut de Recerca I Technologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: early colonizer of piglets, such as Glaesserella parasuis and Streptococcus suis; bacterial pathogenicity and pathogen–host–microbiota interactions, especially in the nasal cavity and the lung
Dr. Florencia Correa-Fiz

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Institut de Recerca I Technologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: bioinformatics; animal health; microbiome; genomics; microbiology; molecular biology; biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microbiota is considered a key factor for the correct function and homeostasis of different body systems. Many factors influence the establishment of a healthy animal microbiota. In pigs, these factors include the environment, production system, genetics, and antimicrobial treatments used in the farm. Pork is the most consumed meat in the world, and pig farming is an important economic activity in many countries. Respiratory diseases in pigs are one of the most important health concerns for swine producers and are often the result of coinfections, both by viral and bacterial agents. Many potential pathogens colonize the nasal cavity or tonsils of pigs, but host defense mechanisms prevent further spread to the lung (or other internal organs) and facilitate pathogen clearance. Currently, the role of the microbiota in respiratory health in pigs has become the focus of several studies, but many questions remain unanswered. The main factors involved in the establishment of the early microbiota and shaping of its mature composition, together with the different taxa associated with health or disease, are still not well defined. The possibility of manipulating the microbiota composition to develop new control strategies alternative to antibiotics has attracted much interest. Researchers engaged in the study of various aspects of the swine microbiota of different organs and the implications for respiratory health are enthusiastically encouraged to submit their works to this Special Issue. Any manuscript that is relevant to “Role of the Microbiota in Swine Respiratory Diseases”, including diseases not restricted to the respiratory tract but caused by pathogens that use the respiratory tract as entry site, is most welcome.

Dr. Virginia Aragón
Guest Editor
Dr. Florencia Correa-Fiz
Co-Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiota
  • nasal cavity
  • tonsil
  • colonizers
  • swine respiratory disease
  • respiratory pathogens

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3837 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Nasal Microbiota of Pigs Following Single or Co-Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Swine Influenza A Viruses
by Tiphany Chrun, Joy Leng, Roberto M. La Ragione, Simon P. Graham and Elma Tchilian
Pathogens 2021, 10(10), 1225; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens10101225 - 22 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2475
Abstract
Host-microbiota interactions are important in shaping immune responses that have the potential to influence the outcome of pathogen infection. However, most studies have focused on the gut microbiota and its possible association with disease outcome, while the role of the nasal microbiota and [...] Read more.
Host-microbiota interactions are important in shaping immune responses that have the potential to influence the outcome of pathogen infection. However, most studies have focused on the gut microbiota and its possible association with disease outcome, while the role of the nasal microbiota and respiratory pathogen infection has been less well studied. Here we examined changes in the composition of the nasal microbiota of pigs following experimental infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2), swine influenza A H3N2 virus (H3N2) or both viruses. DNA extracted from nasal swabs were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to study the composition of the nasal microbiota. Bacterial richness fluctuated in all groups, with a slight reduction in pigs singly infected with PRRSV-2 and H3N2 during the first 5 days of infection compared to uninfected controls. In contrast, nasal bacterial richness remained relatively stable after PRRSV-2/H3N2 co-infection. PRRSV-2 and H3N2, alone or in combination differentially altered the abundance and distribution of bacterial families. Single and co-infection with PRRSV-2 or H3N2 was associated with the expansion of the Neisseriaceae family. A positive correlation between H3N2 viral load and the relative abundance of the Neisseriaceae was observed. However, further mechanistic studies are required to understand the significance of the changes in specific bacterial families following these viral infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases in Pigs)
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18 pages, 3179 KiB  
Article
Sow Contact Is a Major Driver in the Development of the Nasal Microbiota of Piglets
by Pau Obregon-Gutierrez, Virginia Aragon and Florencia Correa-Fiz
Pathogens 2021, 10(6), 697; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens10060697 - 03 Jun 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2150
Abstract
The nasal microbiota composition is associated with the health status of piglets. Sow-contact in early life is one of the factors influencing the microbial composition in piglets; however, its impact has never been assessed in the nasal microbiota of piglets reared in controlled [...] Read more.
The nasal microbiota composition is associated with the health status of piglets. Sow-contact in early life is one of the factors influencing the microbial composition in piglets; however, its impact has never been assessed in the nasal microbiota of piglets reared in controlled environmental conditions. Nasal microbiota of weaning piglets in high-biosecurity facilities with different time of contact with their sows (no contact after farrowing, contact limited to few hours or normal contact until weaning at three weeks) was unveiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Contact with sows demonstrated to be a major factor affecting the nasal microbial composition of the piglets. The nasal microbiota of piglets that had contact with sows until weaning, but were reared in high biosecurity facilities, was richer and more similar to the previously described healthy nasal microbiota from conventional farm piglets. On the other hand, the nasal communities inhabiting piglets with no or limited contact with sows was different and dominated by bacteria not commonly abundant in this body site. Furthermore, the length of sow–piglet contact was also an important variable. In addition, the piglets raised in BSL3 conditions showed an increased richness of low-abundant species in the nasal microbiota. Artificially rearing in high biosecurity facilities without the contact of sows as a source of nasal colonizers had dramatic impacts on the nasal microbiota of weaning piglets and may introduce significant bias into animal research under these conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases in Pigs)
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11 pages, 12221 KiB  
Article
Altered Nasal Microbiota Composition Associated with Development of Polyserositis by Mycoplasma hyorhinis
by Miguel Blanco-Fuertes, Florencia Correa-Fiz, Lorenzo Fraile, Marina Sibila and Virginia Aragon
Pathogens 2021, 10(5), 603; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens10050603 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2588
Abstract
Fibrinous polyserositis in swine farming is a common pathological finding in nursery animals. The differential diagnosis of this finding should include Glaesserella parasuis (aetiological agent of Glässer’s disease) and Mycoplasma hyorhinis, among others. These microorganisms are early colonizers of the upper respiratory [...] Read more.
Fibrinous polyserositis in swine farming is a common pathological finding in nursery animals. The differential diagnosis of this finding should include Glaesserella parasuis (aetiological agent of Glässer’s disease) and Mycoplasma hyorhinis, among others. These microorganisms are early colonizers of the upper respiratory tract of piglets. The composition of the nasal microbiota at weaning was shown to constitute a predisposing factor for the development of Glässer’s disease. Here, we unravel the role of the nasal microbiota in the subsequent systemic infection by M. hyorhinis, and the similarities and differences with Glässer’s disease. Nasal samples from farms with recurrent problems with polyserositis associated with M. hyorhinis (MH) or Glässer’s disease (GD) were included in this study, together with healthy control farms (HC). Nasal swabs were taken from piglets in MH farms at weaning, before the onset of the clinical outbreaks, and were submitted to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V3–V4 region). These sequences were analyzed together with sequences from similar samples previously obtained in GD and HC farms. Animals from farms with disease (MH and GD) had a nasal microbiota with lower diversity than those from the HC farms. However, the composition of the nasal microbiota of the piglets from these disease farms was different, suggesting that divergent microbiota imbalances may predispose the animals to the two systemic infections. We also found variants of the pathogens that were associated with the farms with the corresponding disease, highlighting the importance of studying the microbiome at strain-level resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases in Pigs)
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15 pages, 3281 KiB  
Article
Antiviral Mechanism of Tea Polyphenols against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
by Xun Wang, Wenjuan Dong, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Zhenbang Zhu, Yaosheng Chen, Xiaohong Liu and Chunhe Guo
Pathogens 2021, 10(2), 202; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens10020202 - 13 Feb 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2313
Abstract
Neither inactivated nor attenuated vaccines can effectively prevent and control the infection and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Therefore, it is necessary to broaden new horizons and to conceive effective preventive strategies. The main components of Tea polyphenol (TPP) [...] Read more.
Neither inactivated nor attenuated vaccines can effectively prevent and control the infection and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Therefore, it is necessary to broaden new horizons and to conceive effective preventive strategies. The main components of Tea polyphenol (TPP) are catechins and their derivatives. TPP has many physiological activities and has certain antiviral and antifungal effects. However, whether TPP shows anti-PRRSV activity remains unclear. We found that TPP effectively inhibited PRRSV infection in Marc-145 cells by suppressing the stages of viral attachment, internalization, replication, and release. TPP exhibited a potent anti-PRRSV effect regardless of pre-treatment or post-treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that TPP restrained PRRSV-induced p65 entry into the nucleus to suppress the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, TPP limited the synthesis of viral non-structural protein 2 (nsp2), the core component of viral replication transcription complexes, which may contribute to the inhibition of viral RNA replication. TPP has the potential to develop into an effective antiviral agent for PRRSV prevention and control in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases in Pigs)
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