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Pathogens
Special Issues
New Diagnostic Techniques for Mycobacterial Infections and Their Outcomes
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New Diagnostic Techniques for Mycobacterial Infections and Their Outcomes

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2024 | Viewed by 4400

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hwa-Jung Kim

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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
Interests: mycobacterial pathogenesis; nontuberculous mycobacteria; tuberculosis vaccine; new diagnostic technique for mycobacterial infection
Dr. Isdore Chola Shamputa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
Interests: infectious diseases; mycobacteria; M. tuberculosis complex; latent tuberculosis infection; nontuberculous mycobacteria; epidemiology; genotyping, diagnostics and drug resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kapil Tahlan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
Interests: antibiotics; resistance; microbial genomics; Actinobacteria; nontuberculous mycobacteria

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As you are aware, tuberculosis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. At the same time, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections have been increasing, particularly in developed countries, suggesting that the need to develop novel detection techniques is warranted. While culture remains the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis, the development of new and reliable diagnostic tools for early detection of mycobacterial infection and disease in susceptible hosts is needed to prevent the development and transmission of disease. Recent advances in technology have expanded to include non-classical avenues such as non-sputum-based cost-effective point-of-care tests and biomarker investigations using proteomics and metabolomics.

For this Special Issue of Pathogens, we invite you to submit research articles, review articles, and short notes related to new mycobacterial diagnostics. We look forward to your contribution.

Suggested topics:

  • Advanced techniques to detect mycobacteria or their components in sputum and body fluids;
  • Host-derived or bacteria-derived biomarkers to detect mycobacterial infections, and prediction of the prognosis of the disease;
  • New potential biomarkers to determine protective efficacy of tuberculosis vaccine and predictive biomarkers for progression to active tuberculosis;
  • Immunosensing, proteomics, mass spectrometry, etc., for detection of mycobacterial infections;
  • Characterization of mycobacterial strains isolated from humans and animals;
  • Outcomes of newly introduced mycobacterial diagnostic techniques under human and veterinary clinical settings.

Prof. Dr. Hwa-Jung Kim
Dr. Isdore Chola Shamputa
Dr. Kapil Tahlan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mycobacteria
  • tuberculous
  • nontuberculous
  • novel
  • diagnostics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1220 KiB  
Article
The Re-Identification of Previously Unidentifiable Clinical Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Isolates Shows Great Species Diversity and the Presence of Other Acid-Fast Genera
by Yanua Ledesma, Gustavo Echeverría, Franklin E. Claro-Almea, Douglas Silva, Salomé Guerrero-Freire, Yeimy Rojas, Carlos Bastidas-Caldes, Juan Carlos Navarro and Jacobus H. de Waard
Pathogens 2022, 11(10), 1159; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens11101159 - 07 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2106
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria that cannot be identified at the species level represent a challenge for clinical laboratories, as proper species assignment is key to implementing successful treatments or epidemiological studies. We re-identified forty-eight isolates of Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN)-staining-positive “acid-fast bacilli” (AFB), which were isolated in [...] Read more.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria that cannot be identified at the species level represent a challenge for clinical laboratories, as proper species assignment is key to implementing successful treatments or epidemiological studies. We re-identified forty-eight isolates of Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN)-staining-positive “acid-fast bacilli” (AFB), which were isolated in a clinical laboratory and previously identified as Mycobacterium species but were unidentifiable at the species level with the hsp65 PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA). As most isolates also could not be identified confidently via 16S, hsp65, or rpoB DNA sequencing and a nBLAST search analysis, we employed a phylogenetic method for their identification using the sequences of the 16S rDNA, which resulted in the identification of most AFB and a Mycobacterium species diversity not found before in our laboratory. Most were rare species with only a few clinical reports. Moreover, although selected with the ZN staining as AFB, not all isolates belonged to the genus Mycobacterium, and we report for the first time in Latin America the isolation of Nocardia puris, Tsukamurella pulmosis, and Gordonia sputi from sputum samples of symptomatic patients. We conclude that ZN staining does not differentiate between the genus Mycobacterium and other genera of AFB. Moreover, there is a need for a simple and more accurate tree-based identification method for mycobacterial species. For this purpose, and in development in our lab, is a web-based identification system using a phylogenetic analysis (including all AFB genera) based on 16S rDNA sequences (and in the future multigene datasets) and the closest relatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Diagnostic Techniques for Mycobacterial Infections and Their Outcomes)
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9 pages, 929 KiB  
Article
Performance of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique in Milk Samples for the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Dairy Cattle Using a Bayesian Approach
by Tawatchai Singhla, Surachai Pikulkaew and Sukolrat Boonyayatra
Pathogens 2022, 11(5), 573; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens11050573 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1665
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in dairy cattle in Thailand using a Bayesian approach. The SIT test was performed [...] Read more.
This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in dairy cattle in Thailand using a Bayesian approach. The SIT test was performed in 203 lactating dairy cattle from nine dairy farms located in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Milk samples were collected for the LAMP test. Kappa analysis was performed to determine the agreement between the two tests. A one-population conditional independence Bayesian model was applied to estimate the Se and Sp of the two tests. Of 203 dairy cattle, 2 were positive for the SIT test using standard interpretation, whereas 38 were positive for the LAMP test. A poor agreement (kappa = 0) was observed between the two tests. The median Se and Sp of the SIT test using standard interpretation were 63.5% and 99.1%, respectively. The median Se and Sp of the LAMP test were 67.2% and 82.0%, respectively. The estimated true prevalence of bTB was 3.7%. The LAMP test with milk samples can potentially be used as a non-invasive screening test for the diagnosis of bTB in dairy cattle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Diagnostic Techniques for Mycobacterial Infections and Their Outcomes)
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