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Pathogens
Special Issues
Recent Advances and Challenges in Tuberculosis Research
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Tuberculosis Research

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 9692

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jianjun Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
Interests: infection and immunity; host-pathogen interaction; bacterial pathogenesis; toxins; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Supriyo Ray

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, 14000 Jericho Park Rd, Bowie, MD 20715, USA
Interests: membrane biophysics; protein structure and function; host–pathogen interactions; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Staphylococcus aureus; enzymes; plant transcriptomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that mainly affects the lungs but can affect other organs as well. The disease became a new challenge in 1985 after the emergence of HIV. According to WHO in 2019, 1.4 million patients died due to TB and close to 2 million people died due to COVID-19 in the year 2020. TB persists in two disease forms, asymptomatic latent TB and symptomatic active TB. With the evolution of drug-resistant strains and extremely drug-resistant strains, the global control of TB has become increasingly challenging.

Mtb is an intracellular pathogen that mainly infects macrophages. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Mtb pathogenesis are not fully understood, the bacillus persists in the macrophages through the following steps: (a) inhibiting the maturation of phagosome, (b) escaping from the phagolysosome into the cytosol, and (c) regulating host cell death and cell-to-cell spreading. Presently, with the rise of COVID-19, there are speculations that it can activate latent TB and pose a new threat in the time of pandemic.

On behalf of the Pathogens journal, you are cordially invited to contribute with an article to the Special Issue “Recent Advances and Challenges in Tuberculosis Research”. All research articles, reviews, minireviews, case reports, clinical cases, meta-analyses, and perspectives will be considered for publication after rigorous peer review.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Co-infection with COVID-19 and TB;
  • Mechanisms of intracellular survival of pathogenic mycobacteria;
  • Immune responses to pathogenic mycobacteria;
  • Mycobacterial regulation of cell death;
  • Advances in vaccine development and therapeutics against tuberculosis.

Dr. Jianjun Sun
Dr. Supriyo Ray
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Host-pathogen interaction
  • Co-infection
  • Toxins
  • intracellular survival
  • Immune responses
  • Cell death
  • Vaccine development
  • Therapeutics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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14 pages, 10667 KiB  
Article
Role of a Putative Alkylhydroperoxidase Rv2159c in the Oxidative Stress Response and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by Gunapati Bhargavi, Amit Kumar Singh, Anbarasu Deenadayalan, Chinnaiyan Ponnuraja, Shripad A. Patil and Kannan Palaniyandi
Pathogens 2022, 11(6), 684; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens11060684 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1801
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, is one of the leading infectious agents worldwide with a high rate of mortality. Following aerosol inhalation, M. tuberculosis primarily infects the alveolar macrophages, which results in a host immune response that gradually activates various antimicrobial mechanisms, [...] Read more.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, is one of the leading infectious agents worldwide with a high rate of mortality. Following aerosol inhalation, M. tuberculosis primarily infects the alveolar macrophages, which results in a host immune response that gradually activates various antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), within the phagocytes to neutralize the bacteria. OxyR is the master regulator of oxidative stress response in several bacterial species. However, due to the absence of a functional oxyR locus in M. tuberculosis, the peroxidase stress is controlled by alkylhydroperoxidases. M. tuberculosis expresses alkylhydroperoxide reductase to counteract the toxic effects of ROS. In the current study, we report the functional characterization of an orthologue of alkylhydroperoxidase family member, Rv2159c, a conserved protein with putative peroxidase activity, during stress response and virulence of M. tuberculosis. We generated a gene knockout mutant of M. tuberculosis Rv2159c (MtbΔ2159) by specialized transduction. The MtbΔ2159 was sensitive to oxidative stress and exposure to toxic transition metals. In a human monocyte (THP-1) cell infection model, MtbΔ2159 showed reduced uptake and intracellular survival and increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, including IL-1β, IP-10, and MIP-1α, compared to the wild type M. tuberculosis and Rv2159c-complemented MtbΔ2159 strains. Similarly, in a guinea pig model of pulmonary infection, MtbΔ2159 displayed growth attenuation in the lungs, compared to the wild type M. tuberculosis and Rv2159c-complemented MtbΔ2159 strains. Our study suggests that Rv2159c has a significant role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis during stress and virulence of M. tuberculosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Tuberculosis Research)
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7 pages, 594 KiB  
Case Report
The Role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in a Severe HIV Immunocompromised Patient—Case Report
by Florentina Dumitrescu, Cătălina-Gabriela Pisoschi, Vlad Pădureanu, Andreea Cristina Stoian, Livia Dragonu and Lucian Giubelan
Pathogens 2021, 10(11), 1523; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens10111523 - 21 Nov 2021
Viewed by 2073
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important opportunistic infection in HIV-positive people. We are reporting a case of a 31-year-old HIV-infected patient who was hospitalized in July 2021 for dyspnea, cough with mucopurulent sputum and asthenia. He was confirmed to have Serratia liquefaciens pneumonia and [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important opportunistic infection in HIV-positive people. We are reporting a case of a 31-year-old HIV-infected patient who was hospitalized in July 2021 for dyspnea, cough with mucopurulent sputum and asthenia. He was confirmed to have Serratia liquefaciens pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. The evolution was unfavorable despite the antibiotic, pathogenic and symptomatic treatment. Because the patient had severe immunosuppression (CD4 count = 37 cell/mm3), we used QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus for the detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The antituberculosis therapy was initiated, which resulted in a significant improvement of the general condition and the patient was discharged with the recommendation to continue antiretroviral therapy, antituberculosis treatment and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole—single tablet daily for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Tuberculosis Research)
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8 pages, 2530 KiB  
Case Report
Pott Disease: A Tale of Two Cases
by Christopher Radcliffe and Matthew Grant
Pathogens 2021, 10(9), 1158; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens10091158 - 09 Sep 2021
Viewed by 4934
Abstract
Tuberculosis is considered one of the great masqueraders alongside syphilis and vasculitis. Pott disease is recognized as a classic manifestation of tuberculosis, yet it stands as a rare infectious syndrome in regions with low tuberculosis disease burden. To illustrate the challenges of diagnosing [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis is considered one of the great masqueraders alongside syphilis and vasculitis. Pott disease is recognized as a classic manifestation of tuberculosis, yet it stands as a rare infectious syndrome in regions with low tuberculosis disease burden. To illustrate the challenges of diagnosing Pott disease in these settings, we report two cases and offer a brief overview of management recommendations for vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Case one concerns an 81-year-old man with a remote history of incarceration who presented with altered mental status and new pleural effusions. Case two is a 49-year-old man with well-controlled HIV who was transferred to our institution after being found to have extensive destruction of L3–L5 vertebrae and bilateral iliopsoas abscesses on outpatient imaging. These stand as illustrative examples of low and high suspicion for tuberculosis, respectively, and both cases required complex diagnostic and management decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Tuberculosis Research)
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