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Advances in 3D Printed Drug Controlled Delivery Systems and Biomedical...
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Advances in 3D Printed Drug Controlled Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmaceutical Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 October 2021) | Viewed by 24180

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alicia López-Castellano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
Interests: drug delivery; transdermal delivery; ocular delivery; 3D drug delivery.
Prof. Dr. Vicent Rodilla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
Interests: cell and tissue culture; drug delivery; 3D printing; toxicology.

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Many of us work on the development of controlled-release therapeutic systems that allow drugs to be delivered at a specific rate on a specific location to maximize therapeutic effects and improve the quality of life of our patients.

In recent years, the development of 3D printing technology has reached the pharmaceutical technology field. The advantage of 3D printing lays on its custom manufacturing capabilities, including drug incorporation and release from 3D-printed materials. Therefore, the possibility of manufacturing 3D-printed medical devices/structures/pharmaceutical preparations that release drugs at the appropriate speed and optimal drug dose, if necessary, within specific tissues or organs, is particularly interesting.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the current progress being made by the top authors in 3D-printed controlled drug delivery systems, including biocompatible materials used, the necessary regulation, and above all to elucidate future directions of research in this area. In doing this, this Special Issue will summarize the state-of-the-art in 3D printing and pharmaceutical technology. 

Prof. Dr. Alicia López-Castellano
Prof. Dr. Vicent Rodilla
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceuticals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • Printability
  • Drug delivery
  • Additive manufacturing

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 6096 KiB  
Article
3D Printing of Temporary Prostheses for Controlled-Release of Drugs: Design, Physical Characterization and Preliminary Studies
by Carlos Bueno-López, Carlos Tamarit-Martínez, Adrián M. Alambiaga-Caravaca, Cristina Balaguer-Fernández, Virginia Merino, Alicia López-Castellano and Vicent Rodilla
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(12), 1240; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph14121240 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2268
Abstract
In recent years, the use of 3D printing technologies in orthopedic surgery has markedly increased, as they offer the possibility of printing personalized prostheses. The work presented in this article is a preliminary study of a research project which aims to manufacture customized [...] Read more.
In recent years, the use of 3D printing technologies in orthopedic surgery has markedly increased, as they offer the possibility of printing personalized prostheses. The work presented in this article is a preliminary study of a research project which aims to manufacture customized spacers containing antibiotics for use in joint replacement surgery. The objective of this work was to design and print different 3D constructs to evaluate the use of different materials, their properties after the process of 3D printing, such as resistance, and the release kinetics of drugs from the constructs. Different designs and different materials were analyzed to obtain a 3D construct with suitable properties. Our design takes advantage of the micropores created between the layers of the 3D printed filaments to release the contained drug. Using polylactic acid (PLA) we were able to print cylindrical structures with interconnected micropores and a hollow chamber capable of releasing methylene blue, which was selected as a model drug. The final PLA 3D construct was printed with a 10% infill. The physical and technological characteristics, morphological changes at body temperature and interaction with water were considered to be acceptable. The PLA 3D printed constructs were found to have sufficient strength to withstand a force of 500 kg. The results obtained allow to continue research in this project, with the aim of manufacturing prostheses containing a reservoir of antibiotics or other drugs in their interior for their subsequent controlled release. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printed Drug Controlled Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications)
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16 pages, 2513 KiB  
Article
A Wirelessly Controlled Scalable 3D-Printed Microsystem for Drug Delivery
by Farzad Forouzandeh, Nuzhet N. Ahamed, Xiaoxia Zhu, Parveen Bazard, Krittika Goyal, Joseph P. Walton, Robert D. Frisina and David A. Borkholder
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(6), 538; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph14060538 - 04 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2866
Abstract
Here we present a 3D-printed, wirelessly controlled microsystem for drug delivery, comprising a refillable microreservoir and a phase-change peristaltic micropump. The micropump structure was inkjet-printed on the back of a printed circuit board around a catheter microtubing. The enclosure of the microsystem was [...] Read more.
Here we present a 3D-printed, wirelessly controlled microsystem for drug delivery, comprising a refillable microreservoir and a phase-change peristaltic micropump. The micropump structure was inkjet-printed on the back of a printed circuit board around a catheter microtubing. The enclosure of the microsystem was fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing, with an embedded microreservoir structure and integrated micropump. In one configuration, the microsystem was optimized for murine inner ear drug delivery with an overall size of 19 × 13 × 3 mm3. Benchtop results confirmed the performance of the device for reliable drug delivery. The suitability of the device for long-term subcutaneous implantation was confirmed with favorable results of implantation of a microsystem in a mouse for six months. The drug delivery was evaluated in vivo by implanting four different microsystems in four mice, while the outlet microtubing was implanted into the round window membrane niche for infusion of a known ototoxic compound (sodium salicylate) at 50 nL/min for 20 min. Real-time shifts in distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds and amplitudes were measured during the infusion, demonstrating similar results with syringe pump infusion. Although demonstrated for one application, this low-cost design and fabrication methodology is scalable for use in larger animals and humans for different clinical applications/delivery sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printed Drug Controlled Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications)
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22 pages, 3378 KiB  
Article
Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based 3D Printed Tablets: Novel Insight into the Influence of Polymer Particle Size on Filament Preparation and Drug Release Performance
by Andrea Gabriela Crișan, Alina Porfire, Rita Ambrus, Gábor Katona, Lucia Maria Rus, Alin Sebastian Porav, Kinga Ilyés and Ioan Tomuță
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(5), 418; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph14050418 - 01 May 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3986
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) by fused deposition modeling (FDM) has gained momentum as a promising pharmaceutical manufacturing method due to encouraging forward-looking perspectives in personalized medicine preparation. The current challenges the technology has for applicability in the fabrication of solid dosage forms include the [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) by fused deposition modeling (FDM) has gained momentum as a promising pharmaceutical manufacturing method due to encouraging forward-looking perspectives in personalized medicine preparation. The current challenges the technology has for applicability in the fabrication of solid dosage forms include the limited range of suitable pharmaceutical grade thermoplastic materials. Hence, it is important to investigate the implications of variable properties of the polymeric carrier on the preparation steps and the final output, as versatile products could be obtained by using the same material. In this study, we highlighted the influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particle size on the residence time of the mixtures in the extruder during the drug-loaded filament preparation step and the consequent impact on drug release from the 3D printed dosage form. We enhanced filament printability by exploiting the plasticizing potential of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and we explored a channeled tablet model as a design strategy for dissolution facilitating purposes. Our findings disclosed a new perspective regarding material considerations for the preparation of PVA-based solid dosage forms by coupling hot melt extrusion (HME) and FDM-3DP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printed Drug Controlled Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications)
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16 pages, 4157 KiB  
Article
3D Printing of Mini Tablets for Pediatric Use
by Julius Krause, Laura Müller, Dorota Sarwinska, Anne Seidlitz, Malgorzata Sznitowska and Werner Weitschies
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(2), 143; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph14020143 - 11 Feb 2021
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4239
Abstract
In the treatment of pediatric diseases, suitable dosages and dosage forms are often not available for an adequate therapy. The use of innovative additive manufacturing techniques offers the possibility of producing pediatric dosage forms. In this study, the production of mini tablets using [...] Read more.
In the treatment of pediatric diseases, suitable dosages and dosage forms are often not available for an adequate therapy. The use of innovative additive manufacturing techniques offers the possibility of producing pediatric dosage forms. In this study, the production of mini tablets using fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing was investigated. Two pediatric drugs, caffeine and propranolol hydrochloride, were successfully processed into filaments using hyprolose and hypromellose as polymers. Subsequently, mini tablets with diameters between 1.5 and 4.0 mm were printed and characterized using optical and thermal analysis methods. By varying the number of mini tablets applied and by varying the diameter, we were able to achieve different release behaviors. This work highlights the potential value of FDM 3D printing for the on-demand production of patient individualized, small-scale batches of pediatric dosage forms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printed Drug Controlled Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications)
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Review

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24 pages, 1668 KiB  
Review
Three-Dimensional Printing for Cancer Applications: Research Landscape and Technologies
by Ruixiu Li, Yu-Huan Ting, Souha H. Youssef, Yunmei Song and Sanjay Garg
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(8), 787; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph14080787 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4870
Abstract
As a variety of novel technologies, 3D printing has been considerably applied in the field of health care, including cancer treatment. With its fast prototyping nature, 3D printing could transform basic oncology discoveries to clinical use quickly, speed up and even revolutionise the [...] Read more.
As a variety of novel technologies, 3D printing has been considerably applied in the field of health care, including cancer treatment. With its fast prototyping nature, 3D printing could transform basic oncology discoveries to clinical use quickly, speed up and even revolutionise the whole drug discovery and development process. This literature review provides insight into the up-to-date applications of 3D printing on cancer research and treatment, from fundamental research and drug discovery to drug development and clinical applications. These include 3D printing of anticancer pharmaceutics, 3D-bioprinted cancer cell models and customised nonbiological medical devices. Finally, the challenges of 3D printing for cancer applications are elaborated, and the future of 3D-printed medical applications is envisioned. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printed Drug Controlled Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications)
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25 pages, 2800 KiB  
Review
3D Bioprinting of Functional Skin Substitutes: From Current Achievements to Future Goals
by Paula Gabriela Manita, Itxaso Garcia-Orue, Edorta Santos-Vizcaino, Rosa Maria Hernandez and Manoli Igartua
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(4), 362; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph14040362 - 14 Apr 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4879
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present 3D bioprinting of skin substitutes as an efficient approach of managing skin injuries. From a clinical point of view, classic treatments only provide physical protection from the environment, and existing engineered scaffolds, albeit acting as [...] Read more.
The aim of this review is to present 3D bioprinting of skin substitutes as an efficient approach of managing skin injuries. From a clinical point of view, classic treatments only provide physical protection from the environment, and existing engineered scaffolds, albeit acting as a physical support for cells, fail to overcome needs, such as neovascularisation. In the present work, the basic principles of bioprinting, together with the most popular approaches and choices of biomaterials for 3D-printed skin construct production, are explained, as well as the main advantages over other production methods. Moreover, the development of this technology is described in a chronological manner through examples of relevant experimental work in the last two decades: from the pioneers Lee et al. to the latest advances and different innovative strategies carried out lately to overcome the well-known challenges in tissue engineering of skin. In general, this technology has a huge potential to offer, although a multidisciplinary effort is required to optimise designs, biomaterials and production processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printed Drug Controlled Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications)
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