Computational Drug Discovery and Development in the Era of Big Data

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020)

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: computational medicinal chemistry; modeling and simulation of biomolecular systems; drug–-target (un)binding

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last decades, the increased rate of data production across all the fields of Life Sciences has profoundly changed our perception of data analysis and exploitation, which have become essential instruments for effective decision-making in several scientific disciplines. From the computational medicinal chemistry standpoint, we are at the verge of witnessing a paradigm shift triggered by the so-called big data era in the context of drug discovery and development. Accordingly, extracting relevant information from the ever-increasing volume of data and learning from it, is becoming of primary importance for achieving any substantial progress in the field. Two are the aspects for which addressing this challenge is particularly urgent. First, owing to the decline of the conventional “one target–one drug” paradigm of drug discovery, a growing awareness of the need to deal with the intrinsic complexity of several diseases has shifted the focus towards a more holistic perspective peculiar to systems biology approaches. In this context, modern drug design is taking advantage of big data analysis and related techniques by integrating an unprecedented amount of heterogeneous data coming from genomics, biology, and clinical sources. This is especially relevant for the emerging fields of polypharmacology, precision medicine, and drug repurposing. Second, thanks to the advancement of computational power, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have recently emerged as a mature technique to assist drug discovery and development by complementing and expanding the scope of more conventional molecular docking tools which are limited to a static description of drug–target interactions. One of the challenges to be faced by MD simulations in medicinal chemistry is the widening gap between the speed of computations and the bottleneck currently represented by trajectory analysis. In this respect, the forefront of research in this area is the development of automated and efficient analysis tools for extracting robust mechanistic interpretations of the simulated events and accurately estimating relevant observables.

In this Special Issue, experts are invited to present original and review articles that contribute to the advancement of big data analysis in computational medicinal chemistry and, more generally, in drug discovery and development. A special emphasis is placed on the development and/or application of machine learning approaches and related techniques to pharmaceutically relevant problems. The range of applications spans from network-based analysis for integrating heterogeneous data to the use of advanced dimensionality reduction techniques for the extraction of reaction coordinates and/or the derivation of kinetic models from MD trajectories.

Dr. Matteo Masetti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Machine Learning
  • Deep Learning
  • Neural Networks
  • Network Analysis
  • Dimensionality Reduction
  • Reaction Coordinates
  • Collective Variables
  • Markov State Models

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4811 KiB  
Article
The eTRANSAFE Project on Translational Safety Assessment through Integrative Knowledge Management: Achievements and Perspectives
by François Pognan, Thomas Steger-Hartmann, Carlos Díaz, Niklas Blomberg, Frank Bringezu, Katharine Briggs, Giulia Callegaro, Salvador Capella-Gutierrez, Emilio Centeno, Javier Corvi, Philip Drew, William C. Drewe, José M. Fernández, Laura I. Furlong, Emre Guney, Jan A. Kors, Miguel Angel Mayer, Manuel Pastor, Janet Piñero, Juan Manuel Ramírez-Anguita, Francesco Ronzano, Philip Rowell, Josep Saüch-Pitarch, Alfonso Valencia, Bob van de Water, Johan van der Lei, Erik van Mulligen and Ferran Sanzadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(3), 237; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph14030237 - 08 Mar 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5356
Abstract
eTRANSAFE is a research project funded within the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), which aims at developing integrated databases and computational tools (the eTRANSAFE ToxHub) that support the translational safety assessment of new drugs by using legacy data provided by the pharmaceutical companies that [...] Read more.
eTRANSAFE is a research project funded within the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), which aims at developing integrated databases and computational tools (the eTRANSAFE ToxHub) that support the translational safety assessment of new drugs by using legacy data provided by the pharmaceutical companies that participate in the project. The project objectives include the development of databases containing preclinical and clinical data, computational systems for translational analysis including tools for data query, analysis and visualization, as well as computational models to explain and predict drug safety events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Drug Discovery and Development in the Era of Big Data)
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14 pages, 2431 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Study of the Risk Factors for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Based on the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database
by Shinya Toriumi, Akinobu Kobayashi and Yoshihiro Uesawa
Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13(12), 467; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph13120467 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3766
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is associated with many drugs, including bisphosphonates (BPs). BPs are associated with atypical femoral fractures and osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal. Thus, many drugs are reported to cause adverse effects on bone. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is associated with many drugs, including bisphosphonates (BPs). BPs are associated with atypical femoral fractures and osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal. Thus, many drugs are reported to cause adverse effects on bone. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drugs and patient backgrounds regarding osteonecrosis-related side effects, including MRONJ. This study used a large voluntary reporting database, namely, the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. First, we searched for risk factors related to MRONJ using volcano plots and logistic regression analysis. Next, we searched for bone-necrosis-related side effects using principal component and cluster analysis. Factors that were significantly associated with MRONJ included eight types of BPs and denosumab, prednisolone, sunitinib, eldecalcitol, raloxifene, letrozole, doxifluridine, exemestane, radium chloride, medroxyprogesterone, female, elderly, and short stature. Furthermore, antiresorptive agents (i.e., BPs and denosumab) tended to induce MRONJ and atypical femoral fractures by affecting osteoclasts. We believe these findings will help medical personnel manage the side effects of many medications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Drug Discovery and Development in the Era of Big Data)
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17 pages, 2240 KiB  
Article
Relevant Features of Polypharmacologic Human-Target Antimicrobials Discovered by Machine-Learning Techniques
by Rodrigo A. Nava Lara, Jesús A. Beltrán, Carlos A. Brizuela and Gabriel Del Rio
Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13(9), 204; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph13090204 - 21 Aug 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2800
Abstract
Polypharmacologic human-targeted antimicrobials (polyHAM) are potentially useful in the treatment of complex human diseases where the microbiome is important (e.g., diabetes, hypertension). We previously reported a machine-learning approach to identify polyHAM from FDA-approved human targeted drugs using a heterologous approach (training with peptides [...] Read more.
Polypharmacologic human-targeted antimicrobials (polyHAM) are potentially useful in the treatment of complex human diseases where the microbiome is important (e.g., diabetes, hypertension). We previously reported a machine-learning approach to identify polyHAM from FDA-approved human targeted drugs using a heterologous approach (training with peptides and non-peptide compounds). Here we discover that polyHAM are more likely to be found among antimicrobials displaying a broad-spectrum antibiotic activity and that topological, but not chemical features, are most informative to classify this activity. A heterologous machine-learning approach was trained with broad-spectrum antimicrobials and tested with human metabolites; these metabolites were labeled as antimicrobials or non-antimicrobials based on a naïve text-mining approach. Human metabolites are not commonly recognized as antimicrobials yet circulate in the human body where microbes are found and our heterologous model was able to classify those with antimicrobial activity. These results provide the basis to develop applications aimed to design human diets that purposely alter metabolic compounds proportions as a way to control human microbiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Drug Discovery and Development in the Era of Big Data)
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Review

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26 pages, 2512 KiB  
Review
Data-Driven Molecular Dynamics: A Multifaceted Challenge
by Mattia Bernetti, Martina Bertazzo and Matteo Masetti
Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13(9), 253; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ph13090253 - 18 Sep 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4460
Abstract
The big data concept is currently revolutionizing several fields of science including drug discovery and development. While opening up new perspectives for better drug design and related strategies, big data analysis strongly challenges our current ability to manage and exploit an extraordinarily large [...] Read more.
The big data concept is currently revolutionizing several fields of science including drug discovery and development. While opening up new perspectives for better drug design and related strategies, big data analysis strongly challenges our current ability to manage and exploit an extraordinarily large and possibly diverse amount of information. The recent renewal of machine learning (ML)-based algorithms is key in providing the proper framework for addressing this issue. In this respect, the impact on the exploitation of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which have recently reached mainstream status in computational drug discovery, can be remarkable. Here, we review the recent progress in the use of ML methods coupled to biomolecular simulations with potentially relevant implications for drug design. Specifically, we show how different ML-based strategies can be applied to the outcome of MD simulations for gaining knowledge and enhancing sampling. Finally, we discuss how intrinsic limitations of MD in accurately modeling biomolecular systems can be alleviated by including information coming from experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Drug Discovery and Development in the Era of Big Data)
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