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Long-Distance Signals and Systemic Adaptation Response on Action of Stressors in Plants

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A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 17437

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vladimir Sukhov

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Guest Editor

Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
Interests: remote sensing; multispectral imaging; hyperspectral imaging; fluorescence imaging; photosynthesis; simulation; plant adaptation; fluctuations
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Special Issue Information

Dear colleague,

Action of many stressors on a plant organism (excessive light, high and low temperatures, drought, mechanical wounding, insect attacks, etc.) can be spatially heterogeneous. In contrast, adaptation to these stressors requires fast coordinated changes in physiological processes, i.e. induction of a systemic adaptation response. Long-distance signals (including electrical, hydraulic, chemical, ROS and other signals), which quickly propagate from irritated zone to other parts of the plant body, can be important linkers between the local action of stressors and induction of the systemic response. Long-distance signals can influence expression of genes, production of phytohormones, phloem mass flow, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and many other processes. Numerous problems in this field are actively investigated now; in particular, dependence of type and parameters of long-distance signals on types of stressors, mechanisms of their propagation, ways of influence of long-distance signals on specific physiological processes, participation of changes in these processes in the plant adaptation, interactions between long-distance signals of different types (e.g. electrical and ROS signals, hormonal and hydraulic signals, etc), role of long-distance signals in information processing in plants, simulation of plant long-distance signals, using of long-distance signals and physiological responses caused by them in monitoring of plants, etc. This Special Issue of Plants will highlight the all aspects of participation of long-distance signals in the systemic adaptation response on action of stressors in plants. Reviews and research articles focused on a complex analysis of physiological roles of long-distance signals in plants will be especially appropriated for the Special Issue

Dr. Vladimir Sukhov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Long-distance signals
electrical signals
chemical signals
ROS signals
physiological role
systemic adaptation response
spatially heterogeneous action of stressors

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2319 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Influence of Local Burning on Difference Reflectance Indices Based on 400–700 nm Wavelengths in Leaves of Pea Seedlings

by Ekaterina Sukhova, Lyubov Yudina, Ekaterina Gromova, Anastasiia Ryabkova, Vladimir Vodeneev and Vladimir Sukhov

Plants 2021, 10(5), 878; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10050878 - 27 Apr 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1489

Abstract

Local damage (e.g., burning) induces a variation potential (VP), which is an important electrical signal in higher plants. A VP propagates into undamaged parts of the plant and influences numerous physiological processes, including photosynthesis. Rapidly increasing plant tolerance to stressors is likely to be a result of the physiological changes. Thus, developing methods of revealing VP-induced physiological changes can be used for the remote sensing of plant systemic responses to local damage. Previously, we showed that burning-induced VP influenced a photochemical reflectance index in pea leaves, but the influence of the electrical signals on other reflectance indices was not investigated. In this study, we performed a complex analysis of the influence of VP induction by local burning on difference reflectance indices based on 400–700 nm wavelengths in leaves of pea seedlings. Heat maps of the significance of local burning-induced changes in the reflectance indices and their correlations with photosynthetic parameters were constructed. Large spectral regions with significant changes in these indices after VP induction were revealed. Most changes were strongly correlated to photosynthetic parameters. Some indices, which can be potentially effective for revealing local burning-induced photosynthetic changes, are separately shown. Our results show that difference reflectance indices based on 400–700 nm wavelengths can potentially be used for the remote sensing of plant systemic responses induced by local damages and subsequent propagation of VPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Distance Signals and Systemic Adaptation Response on Action of Stressors in Plants)

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17 pages, 3298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Mammalian Two-Pore Channel Inhibitors on Long-Distance Electrical Signals in the Characean Macroalga Nitellopsis obtusa and the Early Terrestrial Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

by Mateusz Koselski, Vilmantas Pupkis, Kenji Hashimoto, Indre Lapeikaite, Agnieszka Hanaka, Piotr Wasko, Egle Plukaite, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu, Vilma Kisnieriene and Kazimierz Trebacz

Plants 2021, 10(4), 647; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10040647 - 29 Mar 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2583

Abstract

Inhibitors of human two-pore channels (TPC1 and TPC2), i.e., verapamil, tetrandrine, and NED-19, are promising medicines used in treatment of serious diseases. In the present study, the impact of these substances on action potentials (APs) and vacuolar channel activity was examined in the aquatic characean algae Nitellopsis obtusa and in the terrestrial liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. In both plant species, verapamil (20–300 µM) caused reduction of AP amplitudes, indicating impaired Ca²⁺ transport. In N. obtusa, it depolarized the AP excitation threshold and resting potential and prolonged AP duration. In isolated vacuoles of M. polymorpha, verapamil caused a reduction of the open probability of slow vacuolar SV/TPC channels but had almost no effect on K⁺ channels in the tonoplast of N. obtusa. In both species, tetrandrine (20–100 µM) evoked a pleiotropic effect: reduction of resting potential and AP amplitudes and prolongation of AP repolarization phases, especially in M. polymorpha, but it did not alter vacuolar SV/TPC activity. NED-19 (75 µM) caused both specific and unspecific effects on N. obtusa APs. In M. polymorpha, NED-19 increased the duration of repolarization. However, no inhibition of SV/TPC channels was observed in Marchantia vacuoles, but an increase in open probability and channel flickering. The results indicate an effect on Ca²⁺ -permeable channels governing plant excitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Distance Signals and Systemic Adaptation Response on Action of Stressors in Plants)

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13 pages, 2088 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential Plant–Plant Communication Induced by Infochemical Methyl Jasmonate in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

by Felipe Yamashita, Angélica Lino Rodrigues, Tatiane Maria Rodrigues, Fernanda Helena Palermo, František Baluška and Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida

Plants 2021, 10(3), 485; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10030485 - 04 Mar 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2441

Abstract

Despite the fact that they are sessile organisms, plants actively move their organs and also use these movements to manipulate the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments. Plants maintain communication with neighboring plants, herbivores, and predators through the emission of diverse chemical compounds by their shoots and roots. These infochemicals modify the environment occupied by plants. Moreover, some infochemicals may induce morphophysiological changes of neighboring plants. We have used methyl-jasmonate (MeJa), a plant natural infochemical, to trigger communication between emitters and receivers Sorghum bicolor plants. The split roots of two plants were allocated to three different pots, with the middle pot containing the roots of both plants. We scored low stomatal conductance (g_S) and low CO₂ net assimilation (A) using the plants that had contact with the infochemical for the first time. During the second contact, these parameters showed no significant differences, indicating a memory effect. We also observed that the plants that had direct leaf contact with MeJa transmitted sensory information through their roots to neighboring plants. This resulted in higher maximum fluorescence (F_M) and structural changes in root anatomy. In conclusion, MeJa emerges as possible trigger for communication between neighboring sorghum plants, in response to the environmental challenges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Distance Signals and Systemic Adaptation Response on Action of Stressors in Plants)

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16 pages, 2254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Theoretical Analysis of Relations between Pressure Changes along Xylem Vessels and Propagation of Variation Potential in Higher Plants

by Ekaterina Sukhova, Elena Akinchits, Sergey V. Gudkov, Roman Y. Pishchalnikov, Vladimir Vodeneev and Vladimir Sukhov

Plants 2021, 10(2), 372; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10020372 - 15 Feb 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2034

Abstract

Variation potential (VP) is an important long-distance electrical signal in higher plants that is induced by local damages, influences numerous physiological processes, and participates in plant adaptation to stressors. The transmission of increased hydraulic pressure through xylem vessels is the probable mechanism of VP propagation in plants; however, the rates of the pressure transmission and VP propagation can strongly vary. We analyzed this problem on the basis of a simple mathematical model of the pressure distribution along a xylem vessel, which was approximated by a tube with a pressure gradient. It is assumed that the VP is initiated if the integral over pressure is more than a threshold one, taking into account that the pressure is transiently increased in the initial point of the tube and is kept constant in the terminal point. It was shown that this simple model can well describe the parameters of VP propagation in higher plants, including the increase in time before VP initiation and the decrease in the rate of VP propagation with an increase in the distance from the zone of damage. Considering three types of the pressure dynamics, our model predicts that the velocity of VP propagation can be stimulated by an increase in the length of a plant shoot and also depends on pressure dynamics in the damaged zone. Our results theoretically support the hypothesis about the impact of pressure variations in xylem vessels on VP propagation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Distance Signals and Systemic Adaptation Response on Action of Stressors in Plants)

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21 pages, 5569 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Inactivation of H⁺-ATPase Participates in the Influence of Variation Potential on Photosynthesis and Respiration in Peas

by Lyubov Yudina, Oksana Sherstneva, Ekaterina Sukhova, Marina Grinberg, Sergey Mysyagin, Vladimir Vodeneev and Vladimir Sukhov

Plants 2020, 9(11), 1585; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants9111585 - 16 Nov 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2259

Abstract

Local damage (e.g., burning, heating, or crushing) causes the generation and propagation of a variation potential (VP), which is a unique electrical signal in higher plants. A VP influences numerous physiological processes, with photosynthesis and respiration being important targets. VP generation is based on transient inactivation of H⁺-ATPase in plasma membrane. In this work, we investigated the participation of this inactivation in the development of VP-induced photosynthetic and respiratory responses. Two- to three-week-old pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.) and their protoplasts were investigated. Photosynthesis and respiration in intact seedlings were measured using a GFS-3000 gas analyzer, Dual-PAM-100 Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM)-fluorometer, and a Dual-PAM gas-exchange Cuvette 3010-Dual. Electrical activity was measured using extracellular electrodes. The parameters of photosynthetic light reactions in protoplasts were measured using the Dual-PAM-100; photosynthesis- and respiration-related changes in O₂ exchange rate were measured using an Oxygraph Plus System. We found that preliminary changes in the activity of H⁺-ATPase in the plasma membrane (its inactivation by sodium orthovanadate or activation by fusicoccin) influenced the amplitudes and magnitudes of VP-induced photosynthetic and respiratory responses in intact seedlings. Decreases in H⁺-ATPase activity (sodium orthovanadate treatment) induced fast decreases in photosynthetic activity and increases in respiration in protoplasts. Thus, our results support the effect of H⁺-ATPase inactivation on VP-induced photosynthetic and respiratory responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Distance Signals and Systemic Adaptation Response on Action of Stressors in Plants)

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14 pages, 2730 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Electrical and Photosynthetic Activity and the Content of Phytohormones Induced by Local Stimulation of Pea Plants

by Maria Ladeynova, Maxim Mudrilov, Ekaterina Berezina, Dmitry Kior, Marina Grinberg, Anna Brilkina, Vladimir Sukhov and Vladimir Vodeneev

Plants 2020, 9(10), 1364; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants9101364 - 15 Oct 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2864

Abstract

A local leaf burning causes variation potential (VP) propagation, a decrease in photosynthesis activity, and changes in the content of phytohormones in unstimulated leaves in pea plants. The VP-induced photosynthesis response develops in two phases: fast inactivation and long-term inactivation. Along with a decrease in photosynthetic activity, there is a transpiration suppression in unstimulated pea leaves, which corresponds to the long-term phase of photosynthesis response. Phytohormone level analysis showed an increase in the concentration of jasmonic acid (JA) preceding a transpiration suppression and a long-term phase of the photosynthesis response. Analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of electrical signals, phytohormone levels, photosynthesis, and transpiration activity showed the most pronounced changes in the more distant leaf from the area of local stimulation. The established features are related to the architecture of the vascular bundles in the pea stem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Distance Signals and Systemic Adaptation Response on Action of Stressors in Plants)

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Review

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12 pages, 1224 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sink Strength Maintenance Underlies Drought Tolerance in Common Bean

by Amber Hageman and Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh

Plants 2021, 10(3), 489; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10030489 - 05 Mar 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2746

Abstract

Drought is a major limiter of yield in common bean, decreasing food security for those who rely on it as an important source of protein. While drought can have large impacts on yield by reducing photosynthesis and therefore resources availability, source strength is not a reliable indicator of yield. One reason resource availability does not always translate to yield in common bean is because of a trait inherited from wild ancestors. Wild common bean halts growth and seed filling under drought and awaits better conditions to resume its developmental program. This trait has been carried into domesticated lines, where it can result in strong losses of yield in plants already producing pods and seeds, especially since many domesticated lines were bred to have a determinate growth habit. This limits the plants ability to produce another flush of flowers, even if the first set is aborted. However, some bred lines are able to maintain higher yields under drought through maintaining growth and seed filling rates even under water limitations, unlike their wild predecessors. We believe that maintenance of sink strength underlies this ability, since plants which fill seeds under drought maintain growth of sinks generally, and growth of sinks correlates strongly with yield. Sink strength is determined by a tissue’s ability to acquire resources, which in turn relies on resource uptake and metabolism in that tissue. Lines which achieve higher yields maintain higher resource uptake rates into seeds and overall higher partitioning efficiencies of total biomass to yield. Drought limits metabolism and resource uptake through the signaling molecule abscisic acid (ABA) and its downstream affects. Perhaps lines which maintain higher sink strength and therefore higher yields do so through decreased sensitivity to or production of ABA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Distance Signals and Systemic Adaptation Response on Action of Stressors in Plants)

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