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Polyphenols in Plants
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Polyphenols in Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 55802

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Simon Vlad Luca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
Interests: natural products; medicinal plants; phytochemistry; metabolite profiling; high-resolution mass spectrometry; downstream processing; liquid–liquid chromatography; centrifugal partition chromatography; countercurrent chromatography; anti-inflammatory; anticancer
Dr. Adriana Trifan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Interests: pharmacognosy; phytochemistry; high-resolution mass spectrometry; gas chromatography; antimicrobials; anticancer; anti-inflammatory
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gokhan Zengin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
Interests: characterization of plant extracts; phenolic compounds; antioxidant capacity; enzyme inhibitory mechanisms and assays

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polyphenols are a very large class of specialized metabolites synthesized by plants for protection against bacteria, fungi and insect attacks. To date, more than 8000 naturally occurring phenolic compounds have been reported in plants. Ubiquitously found in foods and herbal medicines, polyphenols possess a plethora of biological effects (antioxidant, cancer chemopreventive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cardio-vasculo-protective, immunomodulatory, etc.). These potent bioactivities render them interesting alternatives for pharmaceutical and medical applications. Due to their versatile benefits with regard to human health, research studies focusing on plant-derived polyphenols have considerably increased in recent years.

Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes the submission of articles (original research papers, reviews, perspectives, hypotheses, opinions, modeling approaches and methods) that focus on plant polyphenols and their extraction from plant materials, phytochemical analysis of polyphenol-rich plant extracts with the use of advanced chromatographic and spectrometric techniques, isolation and purification of plant polyphenols, polyphenols in the prevention and management of modern diseases, pharmacokinetics, biotransformation and bioactivity of plant polyphenols, bioactivity evaluation of agro-industrial by-products rich in polyphenolics, management of polyphenols in wastes, importance of plant polyphenols in medicine and food, and preclinical and clinical findings on plant polyphenols.

Dr. Simon Luca
Dr. Adriana Trifan
Dr. Gokhan Zengin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Polyphenols
  • Extraction of polyphenols
  • Analysis of polyphenols
  • Purification of polyphenols
  • Bioactivity of polyphenols
  • Pharmacokinetics of polyphenols
  • Polyphenols and modern diseases
  • Polyphenols and by-products
  • Waste polyphenols

Published Papers (21 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1913 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Characterization of Water Avens (Geum rivale L.) Extracts: Structure Assignment and Biological Activity of the Major Phenolic Constituents
by Anastasia Orlova, Elana Kysil, Elena Tsvetkova, Darya Meshalkina, Andrei Whaley, Anastasiia O. Whaley, Annegret Laub, Antonio Francioso, Olga Babich, Ludger A. Wessjohann, Luciana Mosca, Andrej Frolov and Maria Povydysh
Plants 2022, 11(21), 2859; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11212859 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
Water avens (Geum rivale L.) is a common Rosaceae plant widely spread in Europe and North America. It is rich in biologically active natural products, some of which are promising as prospective pharmaceuticals. The extracts of water avens are well known for [...] Read more.
Water avens (Geum rivale L.) is a common Rosaceae plant widely spread in Europe and North America. It is rich in biologically active natural products, some of which are promising as prospective pharmaceuticals. The extracts of water avens are well known for their triterpenoid metabolites and associated anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, the polyphenolic profiles of G. rivale L. are still awaiting complete characterization. Accordingly, the contribution of its individual components to the antioxidant, antibacterial and neuroprotective activity of the extracts is still unknown. As this plant can be available on an industrial scale, a better knowledge of its properly-relevant constituents might give access to new highly-efficient pharmaceutical substances and functional products. Therefore, herein we comprehensively characterize the secondary metabolome of G. rivale by ESI-HR-MS, ESI-HR-MSn and NMR spectroscopy with a special emphasis on the polyphenolic composition of its aerial parts. Furthermore, a multilateral evaluation of the antioxidant, neuroprotective and antibacterial properties of the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the total aqueous alcoholic extract as well as individual isolated polyphenols was accomplished. Altogether four phenolic acid derivatives (trigalloyl hexose, caffeoyl-hexoside malate, ellagic acid and ellagic acid pentoside), six flavonoids (three quercetin derivatives, kaempferol and three its derivatives and two isorhamnetin derivatives) and four tannins (HHDP-hexoside, proantocyanidin dimer, pedunculagin I and galloyl-bis-HHDP-hexose) were identified in this plant for the first time. The obtained aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the total extract as well as the isolated individual compounds showed pronounced antioxidant activity. In addition, a pronounced antibacterial activity against several strains was proved for the studied fractions (for ethyl acetate fraction the highest activity against E. coli АТСС 25922 and S. aureus strains ATCC 27853 and SG-511 (MIC 15.6 μg/mL) was observed; for aqueous fraction—against Staphylococcus aureus SG-511 (MIC 31.2 μg/mL)). However, the anti-neurodegenerative (neuroprotective) properties could not be found with the employed methods. However, the antibacterial activity of the fractions could not be associated with any of the isolated individual major phenolics (excepting 3-O-methylellagic acid). Thus, the aerial parts of water avens represent a promising source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and therefrom derived human health benefits, although the single constituents isolated so far lack a dominant selectively bioactive constituent in the bioassays performed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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14 pages, 4560 KiB  
Article
Antioxidants from Galium verum as Ingredients for the Design of New Dermatocosmetic Products
by Delia Turcov, Ana Simona Barna, Adriana Trifan, Alexandra Cristina Blaga, Alexandra Maria Tanasă and Daniela Suteu
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2454; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11192454 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use plant extracts from spontaneous flora of Moldova (Rediu-Iasi area, Romania) as polyphenols and flavonoids source in order to obtain new dermato-cosmetic formulas to prevent the actions of oxidative stress on skin. Plant extracts (from raw [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to use plant extracts from spontaneous flora of Moldova (Rediu-Iasi area, Romania) as polyphenols and flavonoids source in order to obtain new dermato-cosmetic formulas to prevent the actions of oxidative stress on skin. Plant extracts (from raw and dried Galium verum sp.) were obtained by: cold classical maceration (M), heat reflux extraction (HTE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The extracts were characterized by spectrophotometric method (for polyphenols and flavonoids content and for DPPH antioxidant activity evaluation). In order to evaluate the combating and/or attenuating effects of oxidative stress on skin, the study was continued with the elaboration of emulsions that incorporate one of these extracts. The emulsions were preliminarily characterized by determining the stability over time. The obtained results encourage research in the direction of deeper characterization of these emulsions to determine the microbiological stability and dermatological tests performed on the skin treated with these new products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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9 pages, 2854 KiB  
Communication
A Novel Soy Isoflavone Derivative, 3′-Hydroxyglycitin, with Potent Antioxidant and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity
by Jiumn-Yih Wu, Tzi-Yuan Wang, Hsiou-Yu Ding, Chuan-Che Lee and Te-Sheng Chang
Plants 2022, 11(17), 2202; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11172202 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1239
Abstract
This study demonstrated the enzymatic hydroxylation of glycitin to 3′-hydroxyglycitin, confirming the structure by mass and nucleic magnetic resonance spectral analyses. The bioactivity assays further revealed that the new compound possessed over 100-fold higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine free-radical scavenging activity than the original glycitin, although [...] Read more.
This study demonstrated the enzymatic hydroxylation of glycitin to 3′-hydroxyglycitin, confirming the structure by mass and nucleic magnetic resonance spectral analyses. The bioactivity assays further revealed that the new compound possessed over 100-fold higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine free-radical scavenging activity than the original glycitin, although its half-time of stability was 22.3 min. Furthermore, the original glycitin lacked anti-α-glucosidase activity, whereas the low-toxic 3′-hydroxyglycitin displayed a 10-fold higher anti-α-glucosidase activity than acarbose, a standard clinical antidiabetic drug. The inhibition mode of 3′-hydroxyglycitin was noncompetitive, with a Ki value of 0.34 mM. These findings highlight the potential use of the new soy isoflavone 3′-hydroxyglycitin in biotechnology industries in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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21 pages, 1824 KiB  
Article
Fruit Phenolic and Triterpenic Composition of Progenies of Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, an Interesting Phytochemical Source to Be Included in Olive Breeding Programs
by Irene Serrano-García, Lucía Olmo-García, Daniel Polo-Megías, Alicia Serrano, Lorenzo León, Raúl de la Rosa, Ana María Gómez-Caravaca and Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo
Plants 2022, 11(14), 1791; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11141791 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1517
Abstract
Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata has a relatively low commercial value due to the low size and pulp to stone ratio of its drupes compared to commercial olive cultivars. Nevertheless, this subspecies could represent a valid source of useful traits for olive breeding. In [...] Read more.
Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata has a relatively low commercial value due to the low size and pulp to stone ratio of its drupes compared to commercial olive cultivars. Nevertheless, this subspecies could represent a valid source of useful traits for olive breeding. In the current work, the drupe metabolic composition (secoiridoids, flavonoids, simple phenols, triterpenic acids, etc.) of a progeny of 27 cuspidata genotypes coming from free pollination and their female parent was evaluated by applying a powerful LC-MS method. A total of 62 compounds were detected within the profiles; 60 of them were annotated and 27 quantified. From a quantitative point of view, the genotypes from the progeny of cuspidata showed quite different metabolic profiles to olive common cultivars (“Arbequina”, “Frantoio”, “Koroneiki” and “Picual”) used as controls. Cuspidata drupes were richer in terms of several bioactive compounds such as rutin, hydroxytyrosol glucoside, a few interesting secoiridoids and the compounds of m/z 421 and 363. The relationships among several secondary metabolites determined in the progeny inferred from the results of both PCA and cross-correlation analysis were explained according to metabolic biosynthesis pathways in olive drupes. These outcomes underlined the potential of cuspidata genetic resources as a source of potentially interesting variability in olive breeding programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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30 pages, 7951 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Rheological Properties of Canola Oil Extract of Usnea barbata (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg from Călimani Mountains, Romania
by Violeta Popovici, Laura Bucur, Cerasela Elena Gîrd, Dan Rambu, Suzana Ioana Calcan, Elena Iulia Cucolea, Teodor Costache, Mădălina Ungureanu-Iuga, Mircea Oroian, Silvia Mironeasa, Verginica Schröder, Emma-Adriana Ozon, Dumitru Lupuliasa, Aureliana Caraiane and Victoria Badea
Plants 2022, 11(7), 854; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11070854 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3624
Abstract
Usnea genus (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) is a potent phytomedicine, due to phenolic secondary metabolites, with various pharmacological effects. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and rheological properties of Usnea barbata (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg (U. [...] Read more.
Usnea genus (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) is a potent phytomedicine, due to phenolic secondary metabolites, with various pharmacological effects. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and rheological properties of Usnea barbata (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg (U. barbata) extract in canola oil (UBO) compared to cold-pressed canola seed oil (CNO), as a green solvent used for lichen extraction, which has phytoconstituents. The antiradical activity (AA) of UBO and CNO was investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Their cytotoxicity was examined in vivo through a brine shrimp lethality (BSL) test after Artemia salina (A. salina) larvae exposure for 6 h to previously emulsified UBO and CNO. The rheological properties of both oil samples (flow behavior, thixotropy, and temperature-dependent viscosity variation) were comparatively analyzed. The obtained results showed that UBO (IC50 = 0.942 ± 0.004 mg/mL) had a higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than CNO (IC50 = 1.361 ± 0.008 mg/mL). Both UBO and CNO emulsions induced different and progressive morphological changes to A. salina larvae, incompatible with their survival; UBO cytotoxicity was higher than that of CNO. Finally, in the temperature range of 32–37 °C, the UBO and CNO viscosity and viscoelastic behavior indicated a clear weakening of the intermolecular bond when temperature increases, leading to a more liquid state, appropriate for possible pharmaceutical formulations. All quantified parameters were highly intercorrelated. Moreover, their significant correlation with trace/heavy minerals and phenolic compounds can be observed. All data obtained also suggest a possible synergism between lichen secondary metabolites, minerals, and canola oil phytoconstituents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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13 pages, 1455 KiB  
Article
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Pimenta dioica L. Essential Oil and Its Major Compound (Eugenol) against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria
by Ayshah Aysh ALrashidi, Emira Noumi, Mejdi Snoussi and Vincenzo De Feo
Plants 2022, 11(4), 540; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11040540 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
The Pimenta dioica essential oil and its main compound (eugenol) were tested for their antibacterial potency against eight Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria implicated in food intoxication. This essential oil and its main component were evaluated for their ability in inhibiting Quorum sensing (QS)-dependent [...] Read more.
The Pimenta dioica essential oil and its main compound (eugenol) were tested for their antibacterial potency against eight Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria implicated in food intoxication. This essential oil and its main component were evaluated for their ability in inhibiting Quorum sensing (QS)-dependent mechanisms such as motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, production of violacein by Chromobacterium violaceum and biofilm formation on stainless steel and glass surfaces. Our results demonstrated that P. dioica essential oil and eugenol were active against all tested strains with a maximum of inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes CECT 933 (26.66 ± 0.57 mm). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the tested essential oil and eugenol was about 0.048 mg/mL for all strains. The obtained results demonstrated that 4CMI eugenol inhibited foodborne strains biofilm formation on the glass strips by 73.79% and by 75.90% on polystyrene. Moreover, 0.048 mg/mL (MIC) of P. dioica essential oil inhibited the violacein production by 69.30%. At 100 µg/mL, P. dioica oil and eugenol affected the motility of PAO1 by 42.00% and 29.17%, respectively. Low concentrations of P. dioica essential oil are active against the quorum sensing phenomena and biofilm potency. Thus, this essential oil could be further investigated for new molecules useful for the treatment of toxi-alimentary infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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20 pages, 3387 KiB  
Article
UPLC-PDA-MS/MS Profiling and Healing Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Alhagi maurorum against Oral Ulcer in Rats
by Hala El-Zahar, Esther T. Menze, Heba Handoussa, Ahmed K. Osman, Mohamed El-Shazly, Nada M. Mostafa and Noha Swilam
Plants 2022, 11(3), 455; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11030455 - 07 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2577
Abstract
Camelthorn, Alhagi maurorum Boiss, family Fabaceae has long been used in African folk medicine owing to its richness in pharmacologically active metabolites. The crude extract (CEAM), ethyl acetate fraction (EFAM) and n-butanol (BFAM) fraction of A. maurorum aerial parts were investigated for [...] Read more.
Camelthorn, Alhagi maurorum Boiss, family Fabaceae has long been used in African folk medicine owing to its richness in pharmacologically active metabolites. The crude extract (CEAM), ethyl acetate fraction (EFAM) and n-butanol (BFAM) fraction of A. maurorum aerial parts were investigated for their total polyphenols and oral antiulcer activity using in-vitro and in-vivo models. The major phenolic compound was isolated from the polyphenol-rich EFAM fraction and identified by conventional and spectroscopic methods of analysis as isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside. Furthermore, standardization of EAFM using UPLC-PDA-UV quantified isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside as 262.91 0.57 g/mg of the fraction. Analysis of EFAM using UPLC-PDA-MS/MS revealed tentative identification of 25 polyphenolic compounds. EFAM exhibited the most potent free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, with an IC50 (27.73 ± 1.85 µg/mL) and an FRAP value of (176.60 ± 5.21 μM Trolox equivalent (TE)/mg fraction) in comparison with CEAM and BFAM. Acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in a rat model were used to evaluate the healing properties of A. maurorum aerial parts. EFAM significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by 36.4% and 50.8%, respectively, in the ulcer tissues while, CEAM and BFAM exhibited lower activity at the same dose. In addition, EFAM led to a significant (p < 0.0001) rise in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cell proliferation marker. A. maurorum exhibited a potent healing effect in acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats by mitigating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving PCNA expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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27 pages, 4606 KiB  
Article
Antidiabetic Activity and In Silico Molecular Docking of Polyphenols from Ammannia baccifera L. subsp. Aegyptiaca (Willd.) Koehne Waste: Structure Elucidation of Undescribed Acylated Flavonol Diglucoside
by Noha Swilam, Mahmoud A. M. Nawwar, Rasha A. Radwan and Eman S. Mostafa
Plants 2022, 11(3), 452; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11030452 - 06 Feb 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2599
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Ammania aegyptiaca ethanol extract (AEEE) showed high concentrations of polyphenol and flavonoid content, with notable antioxidant activity. Undescribed acylated diglucoside flavonol myricetin 3-O-β-4C1-(6″-O-galloyl glucopyranoside) 7-O [...] Read more.
Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Ammania aegyptiaca ethanol extract (AEEE) showed high concentrations of polyphenol and flavonoid content, with notable antioxidant activity. Undescribed acylated diglucoside flavonol myricetin 3-O-β-4C1-(6″-O-galloyl glucopyranoside) 7-O-β-4C1-glucopyranoside (MGGG) was isolated from the aerial parts of AEEE, along with four known polyphenols that had not been characterized previously from AEEE. The inhibitory effects of MGGG, AEEE, and all compounds against α-amylase, pancreatic lipase and β-glucosidase were assessed. In addition, molecular docking was used to determine the inhibition of digestive enzymes, and this confirmed that the MGGG interacted strongly with the active site residues of these enzymes, with the highest binding free energy against α-amylase (−8.99 kcal/mol), as compared to the commercial drug acarbose (−5.04 kcal/mol), thus justifying its use in the potential management of diabetes. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, AEEE significantly decreased high serum glucose, α-amylase activity and serum liver and kidney function markers, as well as increasing insulin blood level. Moreover, AEEE improved the lipid profile of diabetic animals, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Histopathological studies proved the decrease in pancreas damage and supported the biochemical findings. These results provide evidence that AEEE and MGGG possess potent antidiabetic activity, which warrants additional investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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9 pages, 741 KiB  
Article
The Phenolic Content, Antioxidative Properties and Extractable Substances in Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Branches Decrease with Distance from the Trunk
by Katja Schoss, Rebeka Benedetič and Samo Kreft
Plants 2022, 11(3), 333; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11030333 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2270
Abstract
Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is one of the most common and valuable conifer tree species in Central Europe, with well-established usage in the construction and furniture industries, as well as the food, health products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries. Silver fir branch [...] Read more.
Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is one of the most common and valuable conifer tree species in Central Europe, with well-established usage in the construction and furniture industries, as well as the food, health products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries. Silver fir branch extract, a mixture of antioxidative phenols, is produced industrially as a food supplement with a wide range of therapeutic properties. This study investigates optimization of the production of silver fir branch extract by researching its antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assay), phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), lignan content (HPLC) and extractable content at various distances from the trunk (0–80 cm). The antioxidative activity, phenol content and extractable content decreased from the proximal to the distal part of the branch. The decrease in ABTS assay activity was 51%, and that of the DPPH assay was 52%; the decrease in total phenol content was 35–40%; and the decrease in lignan content was 91%. The extractable matter content was reduced by 40%. Data gained in the study herein justifies the importance of researching existing and industrially produced plant extracts for further optimization of the final product. Results shows that industry can also produce extracts with elevated content of lignans with the use of short proximal parts of the branches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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19 pages, 1988 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Passiflora spp. Germplasm Grown in Ecuador
by William Viera, Takashi Shinohara, Iván Samaniego, Atsushi Sanada, Naoki Terada, Lenin Ron, Alfonso Suárez-Tapia and Kaihei Koshio
Plants 2022, 11(3), 328; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11030328 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3957
Abstract
Tropical fruits are in high demand for their flavor and for their functional composition because these compounds are considered nutraceuticals. Passion fruit production is of economic importance to Ecuador; however, several Passiflora species are grown and each has to be analyzed to identify [...] Read more.
Tropical fruits are in high demand for their flavor and for their functional composition because these compounds are considered nutraceuticals. Passion fruit production is of economic importance to Ecuador; however, several Passiflora species are grown and each has to be analyzed to identify their phytochemical composition. In this study, the polyphenol, flavonoid, carotenoid, vitamin C, sugar and organic acid contents were determined. Six different Passiflora spp. germplasms were analyzed, coming from Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, Passiflora alata, Passiflora edulis f. edulis and unidentified Passiflora species (local germplasm). Measurement techniques included reflectometry for vitamin C, spectrophotometry for antioxidant compounds and HPLC for sugars and organic acids. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis, correlation and analysis of variance. Results showed that INIAP 2009 and P10 showed a high amount of polyphenols, antioxidant activity and citric content. Sweet passion fruit had the lowest vitamin C content while Gulupa showed the highest content. In terms of the local germplasm, POR1 showed the lowest content of flavonoids while PICH1 had high flavonoid and carotenoid content. Polyphenols were the main compounds that influenced antioxidant activity. This phytochemical information adds value to passion fruit as a nutraceutical source. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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16 pages, 16008 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Characterization of a Tree Tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Breeding Population Grown in the Inter-Andean Valley of Ecuador
by William Viera, Iván Samaniego, Diana Camacho, Nasratullah Habibi, Lenin Ron, Naveedullah Sediqui, Javier Álvarez, Pablo Viteri, Andrea Sotomayor, Jorge Merino, Wilson Vásquez-Castillo and Beatriz Brito
Plants 2022, 11(3), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030268 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3716
Abstract
Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is an Andean fruit crop that is grown in Ecuador. It is an exceptional source of minerals and vitamins, thus has nutraceutical properties. The objective of this research was to carry out a phytochemical characterization of a [...] Read more.
Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is an Andean fruit crop that is grown in Ecuador. It is an exceptional source of minerals and vitamins, thus has nutraceutical properties. The objective of this research was to carry out a phytochemical characterization of a breeding population composed of 90 segregants. Pulp (including mesocarp, mucilage, seeds and placenta) was ground and sieved in order to obtain the liquid pulp to be lyophilized for the chemical analyzes. Antioxidants compounds were determined by spectrophotometry and vitamin C by reflectometry. Data were analyzed by principal components, grouping, and variance analyses; in addition, Z Score estimation was carried out to select elite individuals. There was a broad variability in the data obtained for the breeding population, polyphenol content varied from 5.11 to 16.59 mg GAE g−1, flavonoids from 1.24 to 6.70 mg cat g−1, carotenoids from 50.39 to 460.72 µg β-carotene g−1, anthocyanins from 1.06 to 240.49 mg cy-3-glu 100 g−1, antioxidant capacity from 49.51 to 312.30 µm Trolox g−1, and vitamin C from 78.29 to 420.16 mg 100 g−1. It can be concluded that tree tomato is a good source of beneficial biocompounds and has a high antioxidant capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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13 pages, 1267 KiB  
Article
HPLC-MS Profiling, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, and Cytotoxicity Activities of Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq. Extracts
by Hafedh Hajlaoui, Soumaya Arraouadi, Hedi Mighri, Siwar Ghannay, Kaïss Aouadi, Mohd Adnan, Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali, Emira Noumi, Mejdi Snoussi and Adel Kadri
Plants 2022, 11(2), 232; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11020232 - 17 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2922
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate for the first time the phytochemical constituents and biological properties of three (ethanol, acetone, and hexane) Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq. (A. indicum) extracts. Quantitative analysis revealed the significantly (p < 0.05) dominance [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate for the first time the phytochemical constituents and biological properties of three (ethanol, acetone, and hexane) Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq. (A. indicum) extracts. Quantitative analysis revealed the significantly (p < 0.05) dominance of ethanolic extract on total polyphenol (TPC; 303.67 ± 4.16 mg GAE/g DR) and flavonoid (TFC; 55.33 ± 2.52 mg CE/g DR) contents than the other extracts, also displaying high and equipotent condensed tannin (TCTC) contents as the acetone extract. The qualitative HPLC-MS analysis elucidates 19 and 18 compounds in ethanolic and acetonic extracts, respectively, belonging to the phenolics and flavonoids chemical classes. The extracts were also screened for their in vitro antioxidant activities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide anion, and ferric ion (Fe3+) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), demonstrating the potent antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract, due to its stronger scavenging DPPH• (IC50 = 7.17 ± 1.26 μg/mL) which is not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the positive control, BHT (IC50 = 10.70 ± 0.61 μg/mL), however moderate activity through FRAP and superoxide anion radicals have been observed. Four Gram-positive, four Gram-negative bacteria, and four pathogenic fungi were used for the antimicrobial activity. In addition, S. epidermidis, M. luteus, E. faecalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei were found to be the most susceptible strains towards ethanolic extract. Cytotoxicity values against human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT29) and human epidermoid cancer cells (Hep2), and one continuous cell lineage control (Vero) revealed that the HT29 cancer cell line was the most responsive to A. indicum shoot extract treatment and significantly (p < 0.05) different from the other cancer cells. Moreover, when tested for their antidiabetic inhibitory effect, ethanol extract recorded the highest antidiabetic effect with IC50 = 13.17 ± 1.04 mg/mL, which is 8.4-fold higher than acetone extract. Therefore, the present study provides new findings on the use of A. indicum shoot ethanolic extract to cure many incurable diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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13 pages, 940 KiB  
Article
Berries and Leaves of Actinidia kolomikta (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.: A Source of Phenolic Compounds
by Laima Česonienė, Paulina Štreimikytė, Mindaugas Liaudanskas, Vaidotas Žvikas, Pranas Viškelis, Jonas Viškelis and Remigijus Daubaras
Plants 2022, 11(2), 147; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11020147 - 06 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1963
Abstract
Berries of Actinidia kolomikta (A. kolomikta) are known for high ascorbic acid content, but the diversity of phenolic compounds has been little studied. The present research aimed to investigate phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in berries and leaves of twelve A. [...] Read more.
Berries of Actinidia kolomikta (A. kolomikta) are known for high ascorbic acid content, but the diversity of phenolic compounds has been little studied. The present research aimed to investigate phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in berries and leaves of twelve A. kolomikta cultivars. The UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS technique was used to determine differences among cultivars in the quantitative composition of individual phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH• free radical scavenging and CUPRAC methods. In the present study, 13 phenolic compounds were detected in berries, whereas leaves contained 17 phenolic compounds. Flavonols were the primary class found in both berries and leaves; other identified phenolic compounds were flavan-3-ols, flavones and, phenolic acids; and dihydrochalcone phloridzin was identified in the leaves. The amount and variety of phenolic compounds in berries and leaves and antioxidant activity were found to be cultivar-dependent. The highest total content of phenolic compounds was found in the leaves of the cultivar ‘Aromatnaja’ and in the berries of the cultivar ‘VIR-2’. Results of this study have confirmed that berries and leaves of A. kolomikta could be a valuable raw material for both food and pharmaceutical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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18 pages, 850 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on the Phenolic Fingerprint and Antioxidant Activity of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Leaves and Fruits
by Irena Brčić Karačonji, Karlo Jurica, Uroš Gašić, Aleksandra Dramićanin, Živoslav Tešić and Dušanka Milojković Opsenica
Plants 2022, 11(1), 25; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11010025 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2855
Abstract
The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L., Ericaceae family) is an evergreen Mediterranean shrub whose leaves and fruits are used in traditional medicine due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, diuretic, and antiproliferative properties. The health benefits are mainly attributed to the presence of [...] Read more.
The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L., Ericaceae family) is an evergreen Mediterranean shrub whose leaves and fruits are used in traditional medicine due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, diuretic, and antiproliferative properties. The health benefits are mainly attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic profiles, total phenolic content (TPC), and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of A. unedo leaves and fruits collected at two locations in Croatia. Phenolic profiles were identified using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) coupled with a hybrid mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap MS). TPC was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu’s assay, while RSA was investigated using DPPH reagent. A total of 64 phenolics (60 and 42 compounds in leaves and fruits, respectively) were identified. Hyperoside and flavan-3-ols were predominant compounds in leaves, while gallocatechin and catechin were the major compounds found in fruits. To the authors’ knowledge, 16 and 5 phenolics in leaves and fruits, respectively, were reported for the first time. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that UHPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS could be used to identify which phenolics were able to discriminate samples regarding plant tissue and geographical origin. TPC in leaves and fruits were in the ranges of 67.07–104.74 and 16.78–25.86 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dried weight (dw), respectively. RSA for leaves and fruits were in the ranges of 408.92–430.98 and 74.30–104.04 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g dw, respectively. The number of identified phenolics was lower in fruits compared to leaves. Such a large number of bioactive phenolics identified and the strong antioxidant activity pointed to A. unedo as a promising health-promoting plant and natural food preservative. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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21 pages, 3442 KiB  
Article
Separation and Identification of Antioxidants and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors in Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling
by Guanglei Zuo, Kang-Hoon Je, Yanymee N. Guillen Quispe, Kyong-Oh Shin, Hyun Yong Kim, Kang Hyuk Kim, Paul H. Gonzales Arce and Soon Sung Lim
Plants 2021, 10(12), 2773; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10122773 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2667
Abstract
We previously reported that Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling has antioxidant and aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activities. In this study, L. meyenii was extracted in a 50% MeOH and CH2Cl2/MeOH system. The active extracts of MeOH and 50% MeOH were [...] Read more.
We previously reported that Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling has antioxidant and aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activities. In this study, L. meyenii was extracted in a 50% MeOH and CH2Cl2/MeOH system. The active extracts of MeOH and 50% MeOH were subjected to fractionation, followed by separation using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and preparative HPLC. Separation and identification revealed the presence of caffeic acid, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, diosmin, methyl rosmarinate, diosmetin, and butyl rosmarinate. Of these, rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, and butyl rosmarinate possessed remarkable antioxidant and AR inhibitory activities. The other compounds were less active. In particular, rosmarinic acid is the key contributor to the antioxidant and AR inhibitory activities of L. meyenii; it is rich in the MeOH extract (333.84 mg/g) and 50% MeOH extract (135.41 mg/g) of L. meyenii and is especially abundant in the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions (373.71–804.07 mg/g) of the MeOH and 50% MeOH extracts. The results clarified the basis of antioxidant and AR inhibitory activity of L. meyenii, adding scientific evidence supporting its traditional use as an anti-diabetic herbal medicine. The HSCCC separation method established in this study can be used for the preparative separation of rosmarinic acid from natural products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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16 pages, 2859 KiB  
Article
Honokiol and Magnolol: Insights into Their Antidermatophytic Effects
by Adriana Trifan, Andra-Cristina Bostănaru, Simon Vlad Luca, Veronika Temml, Muhammad Akram, Sonja Herdlinger, Łukasz Kulinowski, Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak, Sebastian Granica, Monika E. Czerwińska, Aleksandra Kruk, Hélène Greige-Gerges, Mihai Mareș and Daniela Schuster
Plants 2021, 10(11), 2522; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10112522 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2896
Abstract
Dermatophyte infections represent a significant public health concern, with an alarming negative impact caused by unsuccessful therapeutic regimens. Natural products have been highlighted as a promising alternative, due to their long-standing traditional use and increasing scientific recognition. In this study, honokiol and magnolol, [...] Read more.
Dermatophyte infections represent a significant public health concern, with an alarming negative impact caused by unsuccessful therapeutic regimens. Natural products have been highlighted as a promising alternative, due to their long-standing traditional use and increasing scientific recognition. In this study, honokiol and magnolol, the main bioactives from Magnolia spp. bark, were investigated for their antidermatophytic activity. The antifungal screening was performed using dermatophyte standard strains and clinical isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined in accordance with EUCAST-AFST guidelines, with minor modifications. The effects on ergosterol biosynthesis were assessed in Trichophyton rubrum cells by HPLC-DAD. Putative interactions with terbinafine against T. rubrum were evaluated by the checkerboard method. Their impact on cells’ viability and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) was shown using an ex vivo human neutrophils model. Honokiol and magnolol were highly active against tested dermatophytes, with MIC and MFC values of 8 and 16 mg/L, respectively. The mechanism of action involved the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, with accumulation of squalene in T. rubrum cells. Synergy was assessed for binary mixtures of magnolol with terbinafine (FICI = 0.50), while honokiol-terbinafine combinations displayed only additive effects (FICI = 0.56). In addition, magnolol displayed inhibitory effects towards IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α released from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils, while honokiol only decreased IL-1β secretion, compared to the untreated control. Overall, honokiol and magnolol acted as fungicidal agents against dermatophytes, with impairment of ergosterol biosynthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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16 pages, 1536 KiB  
Article
The Bark of Picea abies L., a Waste from Sawmill, as a Source of Valuable Compounds: Phytochemical Investigations and Isolation of a Novel Pimarane and a Stilbene Derivative
by Stefania Sut, Valeria Baldan, Marta Faggian, Irene Ferrarese, Erica Maccari, Eduardo Teobaldo, Nicola De Zordi, Paolo Bertoni, Gregorio Peron and Stefano Dall’Acqua
Plants 2021, 10(10), 2106; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10102106 - 04 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2092
Abstract
In this work, the sawmill waste from Picea abies debarking was considered as source of valuable phytoconstituents. The extraction was performed using different ethanol/water mixtures, and characterization was obtained by LC-MSn. This latter revealed flavonoid glycosides, lignans, and procyanidins. Extraction with [...] Read more.
In this work, the sawmill waste from Picea abies debarking was considered as source of valuable phytoconstituents. The extraction was performed using different ethanol/water mixtures, and characterization was obtained by LC-MSn. This latter revealed flavonoid glycosides, lignans, and procyanidins. Extraction with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol) and chromatographic separations of the obtained extracts by silica column followed by semi-preparative HPLC led to the isolation of polyphenols and terpenoids such as 21α-metoxy-serrat-14-en-3-one, 21α-hydroxy-serrat-14-en-3-one, pinoresinol, dehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid, 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acid, pimaric acid, 9β-pimara-7,15-dien-19-ol, 13-epi-manoyl oxide, taxifolin-3′-O-glucopyranoside, trans-astringin, and piceasides. Piceaside V and 9β-pimara-7-keto-19β-olide, two novel compounds identified for the first time in P. abies bark, were isolated, and their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques. The polyphenolic composition of the methanolic portion was also investigated using LC-MSn, and the piceaside content was estimated. To assess the antioxidant activity of main constituents, semi-preparative HPLC was performed on the methanolic extract, and the obtained fractions were assayed by using the DPPH test. Overall, this work shows the potential usefulness of P. abies bark as a source of valuable phytochemicals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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15 pages, 2414 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Post-Harvest Storage Time on the Multi-Biological Potential, Phenolic and Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Content of Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) Roots Collected from Different European Regions
by Adriana Trifan, Gokhan Zengin, Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan, Nils Esslinger, Andreas Grubelnik, Evelyn Wolfram, Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak, Mirjana Minceva and Simon Vlad Luca
Plants 2021, 10(9), 1825; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10091825 - 02 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) roots are well-known bioactive ingredients included in various cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical preparations. In this study, the influence of the post-harvest storage on the chemico-biological potential of roots collected from different European regions and stored for up to six [...] Read more.
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) roots are well-known bioactive ingredients included in various cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical preparations. In this study, the influence of the post-harvest storage on the chemico-biological potential of roots collected from different European regions and stored for up to six months was investigated. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total phenolic acid content (TPAC) were spectrophotometrically estimated, whereas the levels of individual phenolic and pyrrolizidine alkaloidal markers were determined by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS, respectively. The changes in the biological potential was tracked via antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP) and anti-enzymatic (cholinesterase, tyrosinase, glucosidase, and amylase) assays. TPC and TPAC varied from 6.48–16.57 mg GAE/g d.w. root and from 2.67–9.03 mg CAE/g, respectively. The concentration of the four phenolics (rosmarinic acid, globoidnan A, globoidnan B, rabdosiin) and six pyrrolizidine alkaloids generally showed maximum values at 1–3 months, after which their levels significantly decreased. With respect to the bioassays, the samples showed a wide range of antioxidant and anti-enzymatic effects; however, a direct storage time–bioactivity relationship was not observed. Similar conclusions were also revealed by the multivariate and correlation analyses. Our study could improve the current knowledge of the shelf-life properties of comfrey-based products and enhance their industrial exploitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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10 pages, 426 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Two Endemic Onosma Species
by Kandasamy Saravanakumar, Cengiz Sarikurkcu, Saliha Seyma Sahinler, Rabia Busra Sarikurkcu and Myeong-Hyeon Wang
Plants 2021, 10(7), 1373; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10071373 - 05 Jul 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2588
Abstract
Onosma species have been used as a dye for hundreds of years due to their dark red pigments. These species have also been used by mankind in the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. This work analyzed the phytochemical composition in methanol [...] Read more.
Onosma species have been used as a dye for hundreds of years due to their dark red pigments. These species have also been used by mankind in the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. This work analyzed the phytochemical composition in methanol extract of two endemic Onosma species (O. lycaonica and O. papillosa). Methanolic extract of these species varied in the content of flavonoids and phenolics. The flavonoids were found higher in O. papillosa [32.9 ± 0.3 mg QEs (quercetin equivalent)/g extracts] while the phenolics were higher in O. lycaonica [43.5 ± 1.5 mg GAEs (gallic acid equivalent)/g extracts]. ESI-MS/MS (electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry) revealed the presence of 25 compounds in O. lycaonica and 24 compounds in O. papillosa. The former was richer than the latter for apigenin, luteolin, eriodictyol, pinoresinol, apigenin 7-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, luteolin 7-glucoside, ferulic acid, vanillin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The O. papillosa exhibited low EC50 (1.90 ± 0.07 mg/mL) which indicated its strong phosphomolybdenum scavenging activity as compared to O. lycaonica. However, the O. lycaonica showed low IC50 or EC50 for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+), cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelating activity, as compared to O. papillosa. The results proved the presence of potent antioxidant compounds in O. lycaonica. Further, the plant extracts significantly varied for enzyme inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), but the plant extracts did not significantly differ for inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase. Onosma species deserve further research towards developing novel drugs to treat oxidative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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15 pages, 477 KiB  
Article
Chemical Profiling and Biological Evaluation of Nepeta baytopii Extracts and Essential Oil: An Endemic Plant from Turkey
by Gokhan Zengin, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Abdurrahman Aktumsek, József Jekő, Zoltán Cziáky, Maria João Rodrigues, Luisa Custodio, Rıdvan Polat, Ugur Cakilcioglu, Adnan Ayna, Monica Gallo, Domenico Montesano and Carene Picot-Allain
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1176; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10061176 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2885
Abstract
Nepeta baytopii is a poorly studied, endemic Nepeta species (Lamiaceae) of Turkey. For the first time, the biological activities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity properties) of the hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water/methanol, and water extracts and essential oil prepared from N. [...] Read more.
Nepeta baytopii is a poorly studied, endemic Nepeta species (Lamiaceae) of Turkey. For the first time, the biological activities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity properties) of the hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water/methanol, and water extracts and essential oil prepared from N. baytopii aerial parts were assessed. Hydro-methanol (41.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and water extracts (50.30 mg GAE/g), respectively showed the highest radical scavenging (94.40 and 129.22 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging assays) and reducing (229.37 and 129.55 mg TE/g, for ferric-reducing antioxidant power and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity assays) capacities in vitro. An interestingly high inhibition was observed for ethyl acetate extract against butyrylcholinesterase (10.85 mg galantamine equivalent/g). The methanol extract showed high cytotoxicity (31.7%) against HepG2 cells. Caryophyllene oxide was identified in high concentrations in the essential oil (39.3%). Luteolin and apigenin and their derivatives were identified from the methanol and water extracts. The results obtained from this study highlighted that the abundance of highly bioactive compounds from Nepeta baytopii ensures the multiple biological activities of the tested extracts, and this suggests a potential use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, and therefore should be investigated further. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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9 pages, 904 KiB  
Article
LC-MS/MS Profiles and In Vitro Biological Activities of Extracts of an Endemic Species from Turkey: Stachys cretica ssp. anatolica
by Ivana Carev and Cengiz Sarikurkcu
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1054; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10061054 - 25 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2281
Abstract
Background: Genus Stachys is one of the largest of the Lamiaceae family, having around 300 different plant species inhabiting areas with temperate and warm climates. The Stachys species in Turkey are represented with 81 taxa; 51 of them being endemic. Plants of [...] Read more.
Background: Genus Stachys is one of the largest of the Lamiaceae family, having around 300 different plant species inhabiting areas with temperate and warm climates. The Stachys species in Turkey are represented with 81 taxa; 51 of them being endemic. Plants of the Stachys genus have been known for their biological activity and their use in ethnomedicine. Methods: The dominant components of S. cretica ssp. anatolica aqueous and methanol extracts were studied with the LC-MS/MS technique. Results: Chlorogenic acid, apigenin-7-glucoside and verbascoside present as the dominant polyphenols found in studied extracts. The prominent biological activity of the studied S. cretica ssp. anatolica methanol and aqueous extracts showed strong antioxidant activity and inhibition of enzymes tyrosinase and α-amylase, involved in skin disorders and diabetes mellitus type II. Conclusions: This study has proven that the aqueous and methanol extracts of S. cretica ssp. anatolica have prominent antioxidant activity, due to a high abundance of polyphenols. The strong antioxidant properties of S. cretica ssp. anatolica extracts show promising application for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Plants)
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