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Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species
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Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Development and Morphogenesis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 25905

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Carmen Díaz-Sala

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Sapin
Interests: adventitious root formation; conifers; maturation; rooting competence; developmental reprogramming; conifer functional genomics; epigenetics/epigenomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adventitious root formation is a key step in vegetative propagation by stem cuttings. In addition, it is involved in planted seedling adaptation to growing conditions in many tree species. Adventitious rooting can be induced in stem cuttings or in intact seedlings. The mechanisms underlying this complex process are not well-characterized but imply a switch of the progenitor cell identity to become a root meristem. In tree species, adventitious root formation is regulated at different levels: Genetic, developmental, or environmental factors affect the adventitious rooting capacity and may limit the use of clonal propagation to capture the genetic superiority of a selected individual, or the success of the adaptation to new growing conditions in operational forest planting programs. The knowledge of the cellular and molecular regulation of adventitious root formation offers the possibility of selecting genotypes for clonal propagation and developing new methods for propagation of physiologically mature trees which have been selected based on yield traits as well as allows characterizing the physiological advantage provided to seedlings by adventitious roots in planting sites subjected to stress environmental conditions. Current research on adventitious root formation and function is quite broad, ranging from field studies to the physiological, molecular or cellular level. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in the mechanisms underlying adventitious rooting through the application of the cutting-edge tools of genome and proteome analysis, which provides a comprehensive picture of the genes and cellular processes involved in many aspects of root induction and development. The integration of this information is creating models of root induction, which are providing valuable information about the process. The knowledge obtained in these studies points the way forward for strategies aimed at enhancing the quantity and quality of roots for desired end-uses. The challenge is to ensure that the investment that has been made in basic research truly adds value to economically or ecologically important species. In this spirit, this Special Issue intends to describe the state-of-the-art in adventitious root induction and development in trees, including both applied and basic studies, as well as the effect of factors limiting rooting capacity by stem cuttings or intact seedlings from many tree species.

Prof. Dr. Carmen Díaz-Sala
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 550 CHF (Swiss Francs). Please note that for papers submitted after 30 June 2019 an APC of 1200 CHF applies. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adventitious root induction and development
  • plant growth regulators
  • physiology
  • genetics
  • biochemistry
  • cell and molecular biology
  • genomics
  • epigenetics/epigenomics
  • biotechnology approaches
  • biomass production

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

3 pages, 211 KiB  
Editorial
Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species
by Carmen Díaz-Sala
Plants 2021, 10(3), 486; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10030486 - 05 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1878
Abstract
Adventitious root formation is a postembryonic organogenesis process induced by differentiated cells other than those specified to develop roots [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

20 pages, 7366 KiB  
Article
Short De-Etiolation Increases the Rooting of VC801 Avocado Rootstock
by Zvi Duman, Gal Hadas-Brandwein, Avi Eliyahu, Eduard Belausov, Mohamad Abu-Abied, Yelena Yeselson, Adi Faigenboim, Amnon Lichter, Vered Irihimovitch and Einat Sadot
Plants 2020, 9(11), 1481; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants9111481 - 03 Nov 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4097
Abstract
Dark-grown (etiolated) branches of many recalcitrant plant species root better than their green counterparts. Here it was hypothesized that changes in cell-wall properties and hormones occurring during etiolation contribute to rooting efficiency. Measurements of chlorophyll, carbohydrate and auxin contents, as well as tissue [...] Read more.
Dark-grown (etiolated) branches of many recalcitrant plant species root better than their green counterparts. Here it was hypothesized that changes in cell-wall properties and hormones occurring during etiolation contribute to rooting efficiency. Measurements of chlorophyll, carbohydrate and auxin contents, as well as tissue compression, histological analysis and gene-expression profiles were determined in etiolated and de-etiolated branches of the avocado rootstock VC801. Differences in chlorophyll content and tissue rigidity, and changes in xyloglucan and pectin in cambium and parenchyma cells were found. Interestingly, lignin and sugar contents were similar, suggesting that de-etiolated branches resemble the etiolated ones in this respect. Surprisingly, the branches that underwent short de-etiolation rooted better than the etiolated ones, and only a slight difference in IAA content between the two was observed. Gene-expression profiles revealed an increase in ethylene-responsive transcripts in the etiolated branches, which correlated with enrichment in xyloglucan hydrolases. In contrast, transcripts encoding pectin methylesterase and pectolyases were enriched in the de-etiolated branches. Taken together, it seems that the short de-etiolation period led to fine tuning of the conditions favoring adventitious root formation in terms of auxin–ethylene balance and cell-wall properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species)
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11 pages, 1981 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Rooting of Capparis spinosa L. as Affected by Genotype and by the Proliferation Method Adopted During the Multiplication Phase
by Valeria Gianguzzi, Ettore Barone and Francesco Sottile
Plants 2020, 9(3), 398; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants9030398 - 23 Mar 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3109
Abstract
The in vitro rooting of three caper (Capparis spinosa L.) selected biotypes, grown in a commercial orchard on the Sicilian island of Salina (38°33′49” N), was performed using—as base material for rooting experiments—shoot explants proceeding from two different in vitro culture systems: [...] Read more.
The in vitro rooting of three caper (Capparis spinosa L.) selected biotypes, grown in a commercial orchard on the Sicilian island of Salina (38°33′49” N), was performed using—as base material for rooting experiments—shoot explants proceeding from two different in vitro culture systems: solid medium and liquid culture in a PlantForm bioreactor (TIS). The regenerated shoots of each accession were submitted to different auxin treatments (NAA, IBA, IAA - 1 or 2 mg L−1; NAA+IBA 0.75 and 0.25 mg L−1, respectively), supplemented with sucrose or fructose (mg L−1). The highest rooting rate in terms of root percentage (67%) was reached with the explants of the selected accession ‘Sal 39’ proceeding from liquid culture in PlantForm and induced in the MS medium with sucrose, as a carbon source, supplemented with NAA 0.75 mg L−1 + IBA 0.25 mg L−1, after six days in a climatic growth chamber at 25 ± 1 °C in the dark and then placed under a cool white fluorescent lamp, with a PPFD of 35 μmol m−1 s−1 and a photoperiod of 16 h. On the other hand, poor rooting rate was generally achieved under all the tested experimental conditions with the other biotypes, ‘Sal 37’ and ‘Sal 35’, demonstrating the strong role exerted by the previously adopted proliferation method and by the genotype for successful caper in vitro rooting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species)
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19 pages, 21647 KiB  
Article
Integration of Phenotype and Hormone Data during Adventitious Rooting in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Stem Cuttings
by María Salud Justamante, José Ramón Acosta-Motos, Antonio Cano, Joan Villanova, Virginia Birlanga, Alfonso Albacete, Emilio Á. Cano, Manuel Acosta and José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
Plants 2019, 8(7), 226; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants8070226 - 15 Jul 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5527
Abstract
The rooting of stem cuttings is a highly efficient procedure for the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants. In cultivated carnations, an increased auxin level in the stem cutting base produced by active auxin transport from the leaves triggers adventitious root (AR) formation from [...] Read more.
The rooting of stem cuttings is a highly efficient procedure for the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants. In cultivated carnations, an increased auxin level in the stem cutting base produced by active auxin transport from the leaves triggers adventitious root (AR) formation from the cambium. To provide additional insight into the physiological and genetic basis of this complex trait, we studied AR formation in a collection of 159 F1 lines derived from a cross between two hybrid cultivars (2003 R 8 and 2101-02 MFR) showing contrasting rooting performances. In three different experiments, time-series for several stem and root architectural traits were quantified in detail in a subset of these double-cross hybrid lines displaying extreme rooting phenotypes and their parental genotypes. Our results indicate that the water content and area of the AR system directly contributed to the shoot water content and shoot growth. Moreover, morphometric data and rooting quality parameters were found to be associated with some stress-related metabolites such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the ethylene precursor, and the conjugated auxin indol-3-acetic acid-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species)
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Review

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27 pages, 18655 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Adventitious Root Formation in Chestnut
by Jesús M. Vielba, Nieves Vidal, M. Carmen San José, Saleta Rico and Conchi Sánchez
Plants 2020, 9(11), 1543; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants9111543 - 11 Nov 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4125
Abstract
The genus Castanea includes several tree species that are relevant because of their geographical extension and their multipurpose character, that includes nut and timber production. However, commercial exploitation of the trees is hindered by several factors, particularly by their limited regeneration ability. Regardless [...] Read more.
The genus Castanea includes several tree species that are relevant because of their geographical extension and their multipurpose character, that includes nut and timber production. However, commercial exploitation of the trees is hindered by several factors, particularly by their limited regeneration ability. Regardless of recent advances, there exists a serious limitation for the propagation of elite genotypes of chestnut due to decline of rooting ability as the tree ages. In the present review, we summarize the research developed in this genus during the last three decades concerning the formation of adventitious roots (ARs). Focusing on cuttings and in vitro microshoots, we gather the information available on several species, particularly C. sativa, C. dentata and the hybrid C.sativa × C. crenata, and analyze the influence of several factors on the achievements of the applied protocols, including genotype, auxin treatment, light regime and rooting media. We also pay attention to the acclimation phase, as well as compile the information available about biochemical and molecular related aspects. Furthermore, we considerate promising biotechnological approaches that might enable the improvement of the current protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species)
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8 pages, 508 KiB  
Review
Some Urea Derivatives Positively Affect Adventitious Root Formation: Old Concepts and the State of the Art
by Ricci Ada and Rolli Enrico
Plants 2020, 9(3), 321; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants9030321 - 04 Mar 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2598
Abstract
The success of vegetative propagation programmes strongly depends on adventitious rooting, a postembryonic developmental process whereby new roots can be induced from differentiated cells in positions where normally they do not arise. This auxin-dependent organogenesis has been studied at molecular, cellular, and developmental [...] Read more.
The success of vegetative propagation programmes strongly depends on adventitious rooting, a postembryonic developmental process whereby new roots can be induced from differentiated cells in positions where normally they do not arise. This auxin-dependent organogenesis has been studied at molecular, cellular, and developmental levels, and our knowledge of the process has improved in recent years. However, bioactive compounds that enhance adventitious root formation and possibly reduce undesirable auxinic side effects are still needed to ameliorate this process. From this point of view, our structure–activity relationship studies concerning urea derivatives revealed that some of them, more specifically, the N,N′-bis-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea (2,3-MDPU), the N,N′-bis-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea (3,4-MDPU), the 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)urea (5-BDPU), and the 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)urea (6-BDPU), constitute a category of adventitious rooting adjuvants. The results of our studies are presented here, in order either to highlight the positive effects of the supplementation of these urea derivatives, or to better understand the nature of their interaction with auxin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species)
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Other

8 pages, 238 KiB  
Perspective
A Perspective on Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species
by Carmen Díaz-Sala
Plants 2020, 9(12), 1789; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants9121789 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2610
Abstract
Adventitious root formation is an organogenic process, regulated at several levels, that is crucial for the successful vegetative propagation of numerous plants. In many tree species, recalcitrance to adventitious root formation is a major limitation in the clonal propagation of elite germplasms. Information [...] Read more.
Adventitious root formation is an organogenic process, regulated at several levels, that is crucial for the successful vegetative propagation of numerous plants. In many tree species, recalcitrance to adventitious root formation is a major limitation in the clonal propagation of elite germplasms. Information on the mechanisms underlying the competence for adventitious root formation is still limited. Therefore, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms that enable differentiated somatic cells to switch their fates and develop into root meristematic cells, especially those involved in cell developmental aging and maturation, is a priority in adventitious root-related research. The dynamic cell wall–cytoskeleton, along with soluble factors, such as cellular signals or transcriptional regulators, may be involved in adult cell responses to intrinsic or extrinsic factors, resulting in maintenance, induction of root meristematic cell formation, or entrance into another differentiating pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species)
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