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Processes
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Green Processes for Sustainable Fuel Production
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Green Processes for Sustainable Fuel Production

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2023) | Viewed by 9627

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Beatrice Castellani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, CIRIAF, University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy
Interests: energy storage and energy systems; natural gas hydrates; clathrate hydrates; CO2 capture; energy efficiency; waste management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Andrea Nicolini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy
Interests: gas hydrates; sustainable development; energy saving; renewables; energy storage; environmental impact
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In emerging green economies, the role of sustainable fuels is crucial in order to reduce waste streams, raw material consumption,  related climate change emissions, and environmental impacts. In recent years, research outcomes from theoretical studies, modeling, and experimental works have revealed and developed multiple and significant paths for sustainable fuel production, putting together several disciplines and industrial sectors, such as industrial symbiosis between waste and transport sector for production of gaseous and liquid fuels; the combination of carbon sequestration and green hydrogen processes for synthetic fuel production; biomass feedstock for agrifood sector for biofuel production; carbon sequestration integrated in the exploitation process of unconventional natural gas reservoirs.

Since currently, the implementation of environmental sustainability and circular economy needs to foster the development of low-carbon alternatives to traditional processes based on fossil fuels, this Special Issue aims at providing a multi-disciplinary, comprehensive, and insightful analysis of the issues needing to be addressed in the development of the processes and technologies of sustainable fuels, reporting research advances and considering the relevant aspects of sustainability, economics, energy, and social impact.

The Guest Editors welcome the submission of original research papers and critical review synthesis papers by researchers from all disciplines on relevant topics, including, but not limited to:

  • Waste recycling and conversion for fuel production
  • Industrial symbiosis for circular approach on fuel production
  • Biomass feedstock and (bio)chemical conversion technologies for biofuel production
  • Carbon-neutral processes for exploitation of natural hydrocarbon resources
  • Innovative and sustainable chains for hydrogen production, storage and utilization

The Special Issue on “Green processes for sustainable fuel production” aims at collecting new outcomes on the above-mentioned issues and offers the scientific community an opportunity to illustrate their research. Therefore, I invite you to submit original research and review articles on this topic.

Dr. Beatrice Castellani
Prof. Dr. Andrea Nicolini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green process
  • fuel
  • biofuel
  • sustainability
  • circular economy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 835 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Bio-Oils in Terms of Fuel Properties
by Sławomir Stelmach, Karina Ignasiak, Agata Czardybon and Joanna Bigda
Processes 2023, 11(12), 3317; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr11123317 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 991
Abstract
In response to the global climate challenge and the increasing demand for energy, exploring renewable energy alternatives has become crucial. Bio-oils derived from biomass pyrolysis are emerging as potential replacements for fossil fuel-based liquid fuels. This paper shares findings from the Institute of [...] Read more.
In response to the global climate challenge and the increasing demand for energy, exploring renewable energy alternatives has become crucial. Bio-oils derived from biomass pyrolysis are emerging as potential replacements for fossil fuel-based liquid fuels. This paper shares findings from the Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology on the quality of crude biomass pyrolysis bio-oil samples. These findings highlight their potential as motor liquid fuels. The article details the results of tests on the physicochemical properties of four distinct bio-oil samples. Additionally, it presents preliminary test results on the hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oils in a batch reactor. The production of homogeneous, stable mixtures using other fuel additives, such as diesel oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), and butanol, is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Processes for Sustainable Fuel Production)
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19 pages, 4875 KiB  
Article
An Effective Methanol-Blocking Cation Exchange Membrane Modified with Graphene Oxide Nanosheet for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
by Asmaa Attya Shalaby, Andrew N. Aziz, Zdenko Špitalský, Ahmed Mohamed Omer, Mohamed Samir Mohy-Eldin and Randa Eslah Khalifa
Processes 2023, 11(2), 353; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr11020353 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1289
Abstract
Herein, graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) were synthesized and employed as an additive at various proportions to fabricate a novel cation exchange membrane based on grafted cellulose acetate with sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (GCA) via a solution casting method for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. [...] Read more.
Herein, graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) were synthesized and employed as an additive at various proportions to fabricate a novel cation exchange membrane based on grafted cellulose acetate with sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (GCA) via a solution casting method for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. The structure of composite membranes has been examined using FTIR, TGA, SEM, and DSC. The physicochemical properties of the GCA/GO membranes, such as ion exchange capacity, water uptake, mechanical and chemical stability, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity, were measured. The inclusion of GO significantly improved the ability to block methanol, contributing to the observed effects. Among the several composite membranes developed, GCA/GO (2 wt.%) had the highest selectivity with a water uptake of 45%, proton conductivity of 5.99 × 10−3 S/cm, methanol permeability of 1.12 × 10−7 cm2/s, and electrical selectivity of 26.39 × 103 Ss/cm3. Simultaneously, the composite membranes’ mechanical, oxidative, and thermal stabilities were also enhanced. Single-cell estimation using a 2 wt.% GO modified membrane demonstrated a maximum power density of 31.85 mW.cm−2 at 30 °C. Overall, these findings highlight the perspective of the application of these developed membranes in the DMFC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Processes for Sustainable Fuel Production)
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26 pages, 9273 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic, Economic and Environmental Analyses of Ammonia-Based Mixed Refrigerant for Liquefied Natural Gas Pre-Cooling Cycle
by Ray Soujoudi and Randall Manteufel
Processes 2021, 9(8), 1298; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9081298 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2541
Abstract
Analyzing the entire liquefaction cycle, using a large temperature span with many degrees of freedom, may not always result in a practical solution. The objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using an environmentally friendly refrigerant compound, ammonia, in the [...] Read more.
Analyzing the entire liquefaction cycle, using a large temperature span with many degrees of freedom, may not always result in a practical solution. The objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using an environmentally friendly refrigerant compound, ammonia, in the mixed refrigerant (MR) for the liquefied natural gas (LNG) pre-cooling cycle through thermodynamic performance, economic analyses and environmental impact. Fifteen cases studies within three major mixed refrigerants groups of MR-1, MR-2 and MR-3 were developed by adding ammonia to various molar compositions of lighter and heavier hydrocarbons. The thermodynamic analysis shows increasing ammonia’s concentrations in the mixed refrigerant by 10% had the largest enhancement on coefficient of performance (COP) of MR-1 by 0.67 and decreased the specific energy consumption of the pre-cooling cycle by 128 kJ/kg compared to the base case. Economic analyses revealed that the mixed refrigerant MR-1, with ammonia, methane, ethane and propane, benefited the most from higher concentration of ammonia in the mixed refrigerant, which resulted in both lower annual capital and operational costs by $2.52 MM and $3.67 MM, respectively. Lastly, reducing the methane concentration in MR and replacing it with ammonia, decreased the amount of refrigerant leakage through compressor’s seals and reduced the global warming potential index (GWPI) of mixed refrigerant up to 24.3%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Processes for Sustainable Fuel Production)
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Review

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29 pages, 4063 KiB  
Review
Analyzing Utilization of Biomass in Combined Heat and Power and Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems
by Mohammad Ali Bagherian, Kamyar Mehranzamir, Shahabaldin Rezania, Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek, Amin Beiranvand Pour and Seyed Morteza Alizadeh
Processes 2021, 9(6), 1002; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9061002 - 05 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3787
Abstract
Nowadays, ever-increasing energy demands and the depletion of fossil fuels require efficient and environmentally friendly technologies for energy generation. In this context, energy systems integration makes for a very strong proposition since it results in energy saving, fuel diversification, and the supply of [...] Read more.
Nowadays, ever-increasing energy demands and the depletion of fossil fuels require efficient and environmentally friendly technologies for energy generation. In this context, energy systems integration makes for a very strong proposition since it results in energy saving, fuel diversification, and the supply of cleaner energy. To this end, it is of the utmost importance to realize the current developments in this field and portray the state of the art of renewable generation in integrated energy systems. This review evaluates the utilization of bioenergy in cogeneration and trigeneration systems. The statistical reports of bioenergy and combined heat and power deployments in 28 countries of the European Union are discussed. Then, the most common research objectives of biomass-fueled combined heat and power systems are classified into three primary performance analyses, namely, energy and exergy analysis, thermo-economic optimization, and environment assessment. The influencing parameters of biomass utilization on each type of assessment are discussed, and the basic principles for carrying out such analyses in energy systems are explained. It is illustrated that the properties of feedstock, selection of appropriate conversion technology, associated costs with the biomass-to-bioenergy process, and sustainability of biomass are the primary influencing factors that could significantly affect the results of each assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Processes for Sustainable Fuel Production)
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