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Processes
Special Issues
Application of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Bioengineering and Biomedicine
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Application of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Bioengineering and Biomedicine

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2021) | Viewed by 12894

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lukáš Richtera

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
2. Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: nanomaterial synthesis and characterization; archaeometry; corrosion; alloys
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zuzana Bytešníková

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: nanomaterials; carbon nanomaterials; nanocomposites; material characterization; materials for biomedical and environmental applications
Dr. Soňa Hermanová

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Interests: biodegradable polymers for drug delivery; enzyme immobilization; nanoparticles

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanocarbon materials, unlike inorganic materials, are compatible materials for environment and biology systems because carbon is one of the basic elements in biological systems. Carbon is of great interest to the scientific community due to the existence of several allotropes (i.e., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon quantum dots). Carbon-based nanomaterials demonstrate unparalleled chemical and physical features, such as excellent resistance to corrosion, high strength, stability, and exceptional electrical and thermal conduction. Because of these unique properties, carbon-based nanomaterials are used in a wide range of fields, including biotechnology and medicine. The functionalization of carbon-based nanomaterials allows them to be dissolved in several solvents including water and buffers, which is crucial for biomedical applications. Some examples of recent applications of carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedicine include targeted drug delivery, cancer therapy, bio-sensing, cell and tissue imaging, and regenerative medicine. Bioengineering is the application of engineering, physical sciences, mathematics, and life sciences principles to solve problems in medicine, healthcare, biology, the environment, and other fields. Bioengineering is a comparatively new field that combines many aspects of traditional engineering fields such as mechanical, chemical, or electrical engineering with biological systems such as artificial joints, medical imaging techniques, and many others.

This Special Issue on "Application of Carbon-based Nanocomposites in Bioengineering and Biomedicine" will gather high-quality works related to the biomedical applications, biotechnology processes, and environmental applications.


Dr. Lukáš Richtera
Dr. Zuzana Bytešníková
Dr. Soňa Hermanová
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carbon-based nanomaterials
  • Carbon nanotubes
  • Graphene oxide
  • Carbon quantum dots
  • Fullerenes
  • Bioengineering
  • Biotechnology
  • Biomedical applications
  • Biomedicine

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2431 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Manganese Ferrite/Graphene Oxide Magnetic Nanocomposite for Pollutants Removal from Water
by Khadijah Mohammedsaleh M Katubi, Norah Salem Alsaiari, Fatimah Mohammed Alzahrani, Saifeldin M. Siddeeg and Mohamed A. Tahoon
Processes 2021, 9(4), 589; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9040589 - 28 Mar 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 3305
Abstract
These days, environmental pollution, notably water pollution, has increasingly caused severe human health problems. The major water pollutants are heavy metals. MnFe2O4/GO nanocomposite was prepared in the current work via in situ method and tested to remove lead ion [...] Read more.
These days, environmental pollution, notably water pollution, has increasingly caused severe human health problems. The major water pollutants are heavy metals. MnFe2O4/GO nanocomposite was prepared in the current work via in situ method and tested to remove lead ion Pb2+ and neutral red (NR) dye from water. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using different techniques, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The prepared nanocomposite showed high adsorption capacity toward Pb2+ and NR dye removal according to Langmuir fitting indicating the monolayer homogeneous adsorption of pollutants over the adsorbent surface and can be separated easily with an external magnet. The effect of different factors, including contact time, pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption, were also studied. The increased concentration of pollutants led to increased adsorption capacity from 63 to 625 mg/g for Pb2+ ions and from 20 to 90 mg/g for NR dye. The increased adsorbent dose led to increased removal efficiency from 39% to 98.8% and from 63% to 94% for Pb2+ and NR dye, respectively. The optimum pH for the adsorption of both pollutants was found to be 6.0. The reusability of MnFe2O4/GO nanocomposite was studied for up to five cycles. The nanocomposite can keep its efficiency even after the studied cycles. So, the prepared magnetic nanocomposite is a promising material for water treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Bioengineering and Biomedicine)
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15 pages, 2734 KiB  
Article
Selective Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceuticals and Human Urine Using Carbon Quantum Dots as a Fluorescent Probe
by Xiupei Yang, Fangming Tian, Shaohua Wen, Hua Xu, Lin Zhang and Jie Zeng
Processes 2021, 9(1), 170; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9010170 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2645
Abstract
A cost-effective and environmentally friendly method was formulated for rapid dopamine (DA) detection that was based on the fluorescence (FL) quenching of carbon quantum dots (C-dots). Upon adding DA to the C-dots’ solution, we noticed a regular reduction in their fluorescence intensity. The [...] Read more.
A cost-effective and environmentally friendly method was formulated for rapid dopamine (DA) detection that was based on the fluorescence (FL) quenching of carbon quantum dots (C-dots). Upon adding DA to the C-dots’ solution, we noticed a regular reduction in their fluorescence intensity. The effects of pH, amount of C-dots, reaction temperature and time on the determination of DA were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, trace amounts of DA could be analyzed. Furthermore, dopamine hydrochloride injection and human urine samples with and without spiked DA were analyzed using the developed sensing system. The procedure was validated following the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in terms of the following: calibration range (0.3–100 μM), linearity (R2 = 0.9991), limit of detection (LOD) (93 nM). Recoveries of dopamine with spiked samples at three different levels were between 95.0 and 105.9%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were within 2.68% (n = 6). This method is simple and suitable for the determination of dopamine in pharmaceuticals and human urine for clinical application. Compared with previous reports, the proposed method offers great advantages including ease of C-dot sensor preparation (one-pot synthesis), environmentally friendly sample preparation by using either water or phosphate buffer solution only, a short response time and selectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Bioengineering and Biomedicine)
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14 pages, 3864 KiB  
Article
Size-Selected Graphene Oxide Loaded with Photosensitizer (TMPyP) for Targeting Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro
by Kateřina Bartoň Tománková, Ariana Opletalová, Kateřina Poláková, Sergii Kalytchuk, Jana Jiravová, Jakub Malohlava, Lukáš Malina and Hana Kolářová
Processes 2020, 8(2), 251; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8020251 - 24 Feb 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2845
Abstract
Targeted therapies of various diseases are nowadays widely studied in many biomedical fields. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a modern treatment of cancer using a locally activated light. TMPyP is an efficient synthetic water-soluble photosensitizer (PS), yet with poor absorption in the visible and [...] Read more.
Targeted therapies of various diseases are nowadays widely studied in many biomedical fields. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a modern treatment of cancer using a locally activated light. TMPyP is an efficient synthetic water-soluble photosensitizer (PS), yet with poor absorption in the visible and the red regions. In this work, we prepared size-selected and colloidally stable graphene oxide (GO) that is appropriate for biomedical use. Thanks to the negative surface charge of GO, TMPyP was easily linked in order to create conjugates of GO/TMPyP by electrostatic force. Due to the strong ionic interactions, charge transfers between GO and TMPyP occur, as comprehensively investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Biocompatibility and an in vitro effect of GO/TMPyP were confirmed by a battery of in vitro tests including MTT, comet assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and monitoring the cellular uptake. PDT efficiency of GO/TMPyP was tested using 414 and 740 nm photoexcitation. Our newly prepared nanotherapeutics showed a higher PDT effect than in free TMPyP, and is promising for targeted therapy using clinically favorable conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Bioengineering and Biomedicine)
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22 pages, 2883 KiB  
Review
Graphene Oxide as a Nanocarrier for Biochemical Molecules: Current Understanding and Trends
by Soumajit Mukherjee, Zuzana Bytesnikova, Amir M. Ashrafi, Vojtech Adam and Lukas Richtera
Processes 2020, 8(12), 1636; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8121636 - 11 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3196
Abstract
The development of an advanced and efficient drug delivery system with significant improvement in its efficacy and enhanced therapeutic value is one of the critical challenges in modern medicinal biology. The integration of nanomaterial science with molecular and cellular biology has helped in [...] Read more.
The development of an advanced and efficient drug delivery system with significant improvement in its efficacy and enhanced therapeutic value is one of the critical challenges in modern medicinal biology. The integration of nanomaterial science with molecular and cellular biology has helped in the advancement and development of novel drug delivery nanocarrier systems with precision and decreased side effects. The design and synthesis of nanocarriers using graphene oxide (GO) have been rapidly growing over the past few years. Due to its remarkable physicochemical properties, GO has been extensively used in efforts to construct nanocarriers with high specificity, selectivity, and biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. The focus of this review is to summarize and address recent uses of GO-based nanocarriers and the improvements as efficient drug delivery systems. We briefly describe the concepts and challenges associated with nanocarrier systems followed by providing critical examples of GO-based delivery of drug molecules and genes. Finally, the review delivers brief conclusions on the current understanding and prospects of nanocarrier delivery systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Bioengineering and Biomedicine)
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