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Processes
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Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films
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Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 34778

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Keith J. Stine

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
Interests: surface modification; nanomaterials; porous materials; electrochemistry; microscopy; carbohydrates; lipids; biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The production of thin films presenting features on the scale of nanometers is important in different areas of technology, including array technology; displays; surfaces with special optical properties; surfaces with novel wetting or adhesion behavior; as surfaces for cell growth, catalysis, solar energy, chemical or biological sensing; and in medical devices. Such thin films can have unique electronic, optical, magnetic, chemical, biomaterial, or interfacial properties. The processes by which such thin films are produced have expanded to include novel approaches using chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, patterning using laser or ion beams, self-organized polymerization reactions, controlled corrosion, electrodeposition onto templates, chemical surface modification, electroless deposition, and other specialized material processing methods. This Special Issue is intended to feature methods for producing nanostructured thin films, new developments, detailed characterizations of thin film structure and properties, and examples of their application.

Prof. Dr. Keith J. Stine
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Thin film
  • Nanostructure
  • Physical vapor deposition
  • Chemical vapor deposition
  • Atomic layer deposition
  • Electrodeposition
  • Electroless deposition
  • Surface polymerization
  • Colloidal template

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 158 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films”
by Keith J. Stine
Processes 2021, 9(2), 298; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9020298 - 04 Feb 2021
Viewed by 1317
Abstract
The field of thin film technology [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films)

Research

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9 pages, 3866 KiB  
Article
Stretchable and Flexible Thin Films Based on Expanded Graphite Particles
by Malik Muhammad Nauman, Murtuza Mehdi, Dawood Husain, Juliana Haji Zaini, Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar, Hasan Askari, Babar Ali Baig, Ahmed Ur Rehman, Hassan Abbas, Zahid Hussain and Danial Zaki
Processes 2020, 8(8), 961; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8080961 - 10 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
Stretchable and flexible graphite films can be effectively applied as functional layers in the progressively increasing field of stretchable and flexible electronics. In this paper, we focus on the feasibility of making stretchable and flexible films based on expanded graphite particles on a [...] Read more.
Stretchable and flexible graphite films can be effectively applied as functional layers in the progressively increasing field of stretchable and flexible electronics. In this paper, we focus on the feasibility of making stretchable and flexible films based on expanded graphite particles on a polymeric substrate material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The expanded graphite particles used in this work are prepared by utilizing bath sonication processes at the ultrasonic frequency of either the commercially available graphite flakes or graphite particles obtained through electrolysis under the interstitial substitution of silver and sulfate, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that, due to the action of the bath sonication intercalation of graphite taking place, the resistances of the as-fabricated thin films is ultimately lowered. Mechanical characterizations, such as stretchability, flexibility and reliability tests were performed using home-made tools. The films were found to remain stretchable up to 40% tensile strain and 20% bending strain. These films were also found to remain functional when repeatedly flexed up to 1000 times. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films)
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14 pages, 3278 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Synthesizing Upright ZnO Rod Arrays with Large Diameters through Response Surface Methodology
by Xiaofei Sheng, Yajuan Cheng, Yingming Yao and Zhe Zhao
Processes 2020, 8(6), 655; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8060655 - 31 May 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1884
Abstract
The deposition parameters involved in chemical bath deposition were optimized by a response surface methodology to synthesize upright ZnO rod arrays with large diameters. The effects of the factors on the preferential orientation, aspect ratio, and diameter were determined systematically and efficiently. The [...] Read more.
The deposition parameters involved in chemical bath deposition were optimized by a response surface methodology to synthesize upright ZnO rod arrays with large diameters. The effects of the factors on the preferential orientation, aspect ratio, and diameter were determined systematically and efficiently. The results demonstrated that an increased concentration, elevated reaction temperature, prolonged reaction time, and reduced molar ratio of Zn2+ to tri-sodium citrate could increase the diameter and promote the preferential oriented growth along the [002] direction. With the optimized parameters, the ZnO rods were grown almost perfectly vertically with the texture coefficient of 99.62. In the meanwhile, the largest diameter could reach 1.77 μm. The obtained rods were merged together on this condition, and a dense ZnO thin film was formed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films)
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18 pages, 5362 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Electrical Properties and Na+ Migration Pathways of Na2CuP1.5As0.5O7
by Ohud S. A. ALQarni, Riadh Marzouki, Youssef Ben Smida, Majed M. Alghamdi, Maxim Avdeev, Radhouane Belhadj Tahar and Mohamed Faouzi Zid
Processes 2020, 8(3), 305; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8030305 - 06 Mar 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2431
Abstract
A new member of sodium metal diphosphate-diarsenate, Na2CuP1.5As0.5O7, was synthesized as polycrystalline powder by a solid-state route. X-ray diffraction followed by Rietveld refinement show that the studied material, isostructural with β-Na2CuP2O [...] Read more.
A new member of sodium metal diphosphate-diarsenate, Na2CuP1.5As0.5O7, was synthesized as polycrystalline powder by a solid-state route. X-ray diffraction followed by Rietveld refinement show that the studied material, isostructural with β-Na2CuP2O7, crystallizes in the monoclinic system of the C2/c space group with the unit cell parameters a = 14.798(2) Å; b = 5.729(3) Å; c = 8.075(2) Å; β = 115.00(3)°. The structure of the studied material is formed by Cu2P4O15 groups connected via oxygen atoms that results in infinite chains, wavy saw-toothed along the [001] direction, with Na+ ions located in the inter-chain space. Thermal study using DSC analysis shows that the studied material is stable up to the melting point at 688 °C. The electrical investigation, using impedance spectroscopy in the 260–380 °C temperature range, shows that the Na2CuP1.5As0.5O7 compound is a fast-ion conductor with σ350 °C = 2.28 10−5 Scm−1 and Ea = 0.6 eV. Na+ ions pathways simulation using bond-valence site energy (BVSE) supports the fast three-dimensional mobility of the sodium cations in the inter-chain space. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films)
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9 pages, 2044 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Nanofibers—Mutual Relations between Mean Diameter of Electrospun Nanofibers and Solution Characteristics
by Petr Filip and Petra Peer
Processes 2019, 7(12), 948; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7120948 - 12 Dec 2019
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4051
Abstract
The quality of electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibrous mats are subject to a variety of input parameters. In this study, three parameters were chosen: molecular weight of PEO (100, 300, 600, and 1000 kg/mol), PEO concentration (in distilled water), and shear viscosity of [...] Read more.
The quality of electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibrous mats are subject to a variety of input parameters. In this study, three parameters were chosen: molecular weight of PEO (100, 300, 600, and 1000 kg/mol), PEO concentration (in distilled water), and shear viscosity of PEO solution. Two relations free of any adjustable parameters were derived. The first, describing the initial stage of an electrospinning process expressing shear viscosity using PEO molecular weight and concentration. The second, expressing mean nanofiber diameter using concentration and PEO molecular weight. Based on these simple mathematical relations, it is possible to control the mean nanofiber diameter during an electrospinning process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films)
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Review

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46 pages, 17636 KiB  
Review
Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: Fabrication, Modification, and Patterning
by Yujing Zhang and Chih-Hung Chang
Processes 2020, 8(3), 377; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8030377 - 24 Mar 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 12442
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been of great interest for their outstanding properties, such as large surface area, low density, tunable pore size and functionality, excellent structural flexibility, and good chemical stability. A significant advancement in the preparation of MOF thin films according to [...] Read more.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been of great interest for their outstanding properties, such as large surface area, low density, tunable pore size and functionality, excellent structural flexibility, and good chemical stability. A significant advancement in the preparation of MOF thin films according to the needs of a variety of applications has been achieved in the past decades. Yet there is still high demand in advancing the understanding of the processes to realize more scalable, controllable, and greener synthesis. This review provides a summary of the current progress on the manufacturing of MOF thin films, including the various thin-film deposition processes, the approaches to modify the MOF structure and pore functionality, and the means to prepare patterned MOF thin films. The suitability of different synthesis techniques under various processing environments is analyzed. Finally, we discuss opportunities for future development in the manufacturing of MOF thin films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films)
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20 pages, 3249 KiB  
Review
Plasmonic-Active Nanostructured Thin Films
by Jay K. Bhattarai, Md Helal Uddin Maruf and Keith J. Stine
Processes 2020, 8(1), 115; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8010115 - 16 Jan 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 8987
Abstract
Plasmonic-active nanomaterials are of high interest to scientists because of their expanding applications in the field for medicine and energy. Chemical and biological sensors based on plasmonic nanomaterials are well-established and commercially available, but the role of plasmonic nanomaterials on photothermal therapeutics, solar [...] Read more.
Plasmonic-active nanomaterials are of high interest to scientists because of their expanding applications in the field for medicine and energy. Chemical and biological sensors based on plasmonic nanomaterials are well-established and commercially available, but the role of plasmonic nanomaterials on photothermal therapeutics, solar cells, super-resolution imaging, organic synthesis, etc. is still emerging. The effectiveness of the plasmonic materials on these technologies depends on their stability and sensitivity. Preparing plasmonics-active nanostructured thin films (PANTFs) on a solid substrate improves their physical stability. More importantly, the surface plasmons of thin film and that of nanostructures can couple in PANTFs enhancing the sensitivity. A PANTF can be used as a transducer for any of the three plasmonic-based sensing techniques, namely, the propagating surface plasmon, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensing techniques. Additionally, continuous nanostructured metal films have an advantage for implementing electrical controls such as simultaneous sensing using both plasmonic and electrochemical techniques. Although research and development on PANTFs have been rapidly advancing, very few reviews on synthetic methods have been published. In this review, we provide some fundamental and practical aspects of plasmonics along with the recent advances in PANTFs synthesis, focusing on the advantages and shortcomings of the fabrication techniques. We also provide an overview of different types of PANTFs and their sensitivity for biosensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials Processing for Production of Nanostructured Thin Films)
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