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Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry

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A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 October 2022) | Viewed by 27353

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanisms and Robots Theory, National University of Science and Technology Polytechnic Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: 3D printing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to bring together recent advances in the broad field of Advanced processes creating new technologies in tomorrow's industry, including all the activities related to fault detection, diagnosis, and coatings, printing, deposition, innovative processes, 3D printing, catalysts, new materials, and nanomaterials.

Waiting for papers on Advanced processes creating new technologies in tomorrow's industry, like:

3-D printing;
Innovative processes;
Sensors;
Coatings;
Catalysts;
New materials;
Nanomaterials;
Chemically processes for new technologies in industry;
Monitoring 3D objects (e.g., from additive manufacturing);
Artificial Intelligence for process monitoring;
Fault diagnosis and troubleshooting;
Integration of statistical process control and engineering process control;
Bioinspired Processes;
Processes creating new technologies;
Micro-Nano Machining TiO₂ Patterns;
Photothermal Membrane of CuS/Polyacrylamide;
Fabricating sub-100nm conducting polymer nanowires;
Light-Trapping SERS Substrate with Regular;
Fabrication of 3D biomimetic composite coating;
Drone Processes;
Processes for robotics;
Any kind of new technologies;
Dynamic Processes;
Industrial processes;
Technical Processes.

Prof. Dr. Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

3-D printing
innovative processes
sensors
coatings
catalysts
new materials
nanomaterials
chemically processes for new technologies in industry
monitoring 3D objects
manufacturing
artificial Intelligence for process monitoring
fault diagnosis and troubleshooting
bioinspired processes
processes creating new technologies
micro-nano machining TiO₂ Patterns
photothermal membrane of CuS/polyacrylamide
fabricating sub-100nm conducting polymer nanowires
light-trapping SERS substrate with regular
fabrication of 3D biomimetic composite coating
drone processes
processes for robotics
industrial processes

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 3321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Behavioral Model Deployment for the Transportation Projects within a Smart City Ecosystem: Cases of Germany and South Korea

by Olga Shvetsova, Anastasiya Bialevich, Jihee Kim and Mariia Voronina

Processes 2023, 11(1), 48; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr11010048 - 26 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2111

Abstract

This research focused on a behavioral model as a significant tangible enabler for smart city plans and initiatives across Asian and EU regions as per transportation projects. This study aimed to create a behavioral model to serve as a planning tool for policymakers, planners, and implementers of transportation initiatives in smart cities. The paper discusses the validity of the proposed model framework for fostering the diffusion of a successful smart city project transformation in a general smart city ecosystem and particularly within the transportation industry. The framework was verified using three different methods: literature review to give a speculative understanding of current smart city approaches; case studies from Germany and South Korea smart city ecosystems that were selected and applied against the behavioral model; and finally, desktop research (behavioral model) performed for smart city project development. As a result, the authors recognized key variables for deriving a possible successful behavioral model as a suggested efficient framework for further smart city strategic projects. Researchers developed and tested, with two validated examples, the suggested behavioral model for smart city projects with a focus on the transportation industry. Results of this survey could help stakeholders in different countries analyze factors influencing decision-making processes and adopt smart city projects to local business environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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12 pages, 2478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Three-Dimensional Dynamic Formation of Second-Order Multi-Agent System Based on Rigid Graphs

by Gailing Tian, Lu Liu, Chenyu Yang, Yu Cui, Kaiyan Hou, Dan Liu and Chenyang Xue

Processes 2022, 10(10), 1961; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10101961 - 28 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1219

Abstract

This paper studies the dynamic formation control of second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) in three-dimensional space based on the distance control approach. A rigid graph represents the communication topology between agents to improve the system’s robustness and stability and avoid collisions and deformations during formation operation. A distributed control strategy based on the relative states among neighbors is designed for each agent to achieve formation and formation maintenance under arbitrary initial conditions. The Lyapunov function, an error function of potential and kinetic energy, is constructed by rigid graph theory and a second-order integrator model. The decreasing of the Lyapunov function is proven by Barbalat’s theory, further indicating that the system is asymptotically stable. A second-order MAS composed of nine agents is constructed, and the dynamic scaling of rigid formations in 3D space is achieved through simulation to verify the effectiveness of the controller and the correctness of the theory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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27 pages, 5559 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Smart Sensors-Based Solar-Powered System to Monitor and Control Tube Well for Agriculture Applications

by Sana Ullah, Ghulam Hafeez, Gul Rukh, Fahad R. Albogamy, Sadia Murawwat, Faheem Ali, Farrukh Aslam Khan, Sheraz Khan and Khalid Rehman

Processes 2022, 10(8), 1654; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10081654 - 20 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3898

Abstract

Agricultural productivity plays a vital role in a country’s economy, which can be increased by providing the proper water needed for crops. Proper water provision ensures suitable moisture and appropriate conditions essential for crops, water resource preservation, minimized water wastage, and energy consumption. However, adequate water provision is challenging due to intermittent and uncertain environmental and weather conditions. On this note, a model with uncertain and stochastic conditions (rain, wet, dry, humidity, and moisture) capturing abilities is needed. Thus, a smart-sensors-based solar-powered system is developed for monitoring and controlling the tube well that ensures proper water provision to crops. The developed system properly checks weather and environmental conditions (rain, temperature, irradiance, humidity, etc.), soil conditions (wet or dry), and crop conditions to monitor and regulate water flow accordingly to minimize water and energy consumption wastage. The developed system is an integrated system of four modules: Arduino with a built-in Atmel AT mega microcontroller, sensors, solar power, and a global system for mobile communication (GSM). The GSM module exchanges acknowledgement messages with the operator and controller about the various statuses, such as weather and environmental conditions, soil conditions (wet or dry), crop conditions, and the toggle status of the motor (OFF, ON/main power supply, or solar power). In order for the controller module to determine the motor state, the sensors module computes many parameters, including rain, wet, dry, humidity, and moisture. In addition, the sensor module also prevents the motor from dry running. The developed smart irrigation system is superior to existing irrigation systems in aspects of water wastage and energy consumption minimization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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11 pages, 4267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors to Influence the Trajectory Control Ability of a Reverse Push-the-Bit Rotary Steerable System

by Yongwang Liu, Xiaobing Qin, Jianbo Jia and Guoliang Li

Processes 2022, 10(8), 1621; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10081621 - 16 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1183

Abstract

The reverse push-the-bit rotary steerable method based on the principle of a “labor-saving lever” provides a feasible technical solution for further improving trajectory control ability of the rotary steerable drilling system, further prolonging the system’s service life and further increasing the system’s drilling speed. In order to reveal the working characteristics of such a method deeply, the influence of the key structural parameters of the rotary steerable drilling system on its trajectory control ability is studied based on the finite element method. The results show that, with the certain distance from the bit to the centralizer, the structural parameters of the flexible joint, the distance from the flexible joint to the paranoid mechanism, and the distance from the paranoid mechanism to the centralizer are the main factors to affect trajectory control ability. Reducing the stiffness of the flexible joint, shortening the distance from the flexible joint to the paranoid mechanism, and optimizing the distance from the paranoid mechanism to the centralizer are the keys to improve trajectory control ability to the utmost. The performance of the reverse push-the-bit rotary steerable method with optimized parameters is obviously better than the existing method, but its actual drilling effect needs to rely on on-site verification and further optimization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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12 pages, 3544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Optimization of Initial Support for a Tunnel in the Fracture Zone Based on the Strength Reduction Method

by Ke Ding, Lianguo Wang, Bo Ren, Shuai Wang and Chongyang Jiang

Processes 2022, 10(8), 1558; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10081558 - 09 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1114

Abstract

In this paper, the fracture zone of the Chunxuan Road Tunnel in Jinan, Shandong Province, China was selected for the engineering background. With reference to the field monitoring data, a finite element model was established based on the strength reduction method. With the aid of this model, the influences of different initial support parameters (including lining, bolt and steel arch) on the tunnel deformation in the fracture zone were analyzed to obtain reasonable initial support parameters. The results show that the tunnel deformation under the original initial support is severe. Among the initial support methods, such as lining, bolt, and steel arch, the parameters of the lining and steel arch significantly influence the tunnel deformation in the fracture zone. Therefore, selecting appropriate initial support parameters can effectively control the tunnel deformation in the fracture zone. After the optimized support scheme is adopted, failure instability no longer occurs in the tunnel and the tunnel deformation is also effectively controlled. The research findings provide a clear reference for deformation control and support scheme optimization of similar projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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7 pages, 5442 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Dental Pulp Cells form Spheroids in the Presence of Serum When Seeded on a Low-Attachment Cultural Surface

by Linna Guo, Ziang Zou, Marcus Freytag, Reinhard E. Friedrich, Philip Hartjen, Martin Gosau, Ralf Smeets and Lan Kluwe

Processes 2022, 10(5), 1021; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10051021 - 20 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1460

Abstract

Spheroid formation is a characteristic feature of stem/progenitor cells. Under a serum-free cultural condition, human dental pulp cells can form spheroids. In the present study, we report that these cells can also form spheroids in the presence of serum when seeded on a low-attachment cultural surface. Dental pulp cells derived from three teeth were seeded with surface densities 10³–10⁵/cm² in wells of low attachment and standard cultural plates. Fibroblasts were also seeded onto a low-attachment surface as a comparison. The growth of single spheroids of pulp cells was observed for 7 days. Pulp cells in spheroids and cells attached to the low-attachment surface were separated and further expanded on standard cultural surface in the monolayer and studied for their viability and osteogenic differentiation comparatively. In all three cultures of primary human dental pulp cells on low attachment surface, spheroids formed one day after seeding and grew in size over the 7 days of observation. The optimal seeding density for spheroids was around 10⁴ cells/cm² (10⁵ cells/mL). Expanded pulp cells from the spheroids exhibited lower viability but higher osteogenic differentiation potential compared to pulp cells expanded from those attached to the surface of the low attachment plate. Human dental pulp cells have the specific capacity to forms spheroids when seeded on a low-attachment surface and may enable selection of a subpopulation with stronger differentiation potential and may also provide a strategy for culturing these cells in a three-dimensional organization without scaffolds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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13 pages, 2168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Real-Time Prediction of Product Quality Based on the Equipment Parameters in a Smart Factory

by Xin Yan and Guijiang Duan

Processes 2022, 10(5), 967; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10050967 - 11 May 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2211

Abstract

Product quality is an important part of enterprise competitiveness. Product processing is the key process of quality formation. In smart factories, the improvement of data acquisition and processing capability provides a basis for data-based quality control. In order to reduce the occurrence of product quality problems, we abstracted the product processing process as a data processing unit, abstracted the process of changing the product quality state as a process of the processing quality characteristics data, divided the measured value of quality characteristics into three states according to the fluctuation of the measured value of product quality characteristics, and then the classification model of process equipment parameters was established. The experimental results show that the error rate of the real-time dynamic prediction of quality characteristics based on equipment parameters was acceptable, and its prediction could be used as a reference in real production. The research could be applied in product quality prediction, production process simulation, digital twin and other fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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14 pages, 2824 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Liquid Properties on Frictional Pressure Drop in a Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Microchannel

by Ruijie Zhang, Fangfang Tao, Haibo Jin, Xiaoyan Guo, Guangxiang He, Lei Ma, Rongyue Zhang, Qingyang Gu and Suohe Yang

Processes 2022, 10(5), 799; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10050799 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1546

Abstract

The flow characteristics in a ring-shaped microchannel with an inner diameter of 1 mm were studied in two-phase flow systems with air-water, air-glycerol aqueous solution and air-ethanol aqueous solution using the differential pressure method. The effects of liquid properties (surface tension and viscosity) and gas/liquid superficial velocity on frictional pressure drop were discussed. The experimental results show that the frictional pressure gradient increases with the increase of superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity and liquid viscosity, and increases with the decrease of liquid surface tension, which has a good agreement with the literature values. The friction pressure drop data are compared with the classical models and correlations in literature, and a reliable correlation is proposed for prediction of two-phase friction coefficient in microchannels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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14 pages, 4594 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Audio Compensation with Cascade Biquad Filters for Feedback Active Noise Control Headphones

by Fengyan An, Qianqian Wu and Bilong Liu

Processes 2022, 10(4), 730; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10040730 - 09 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1924

Abstract

In active noise control (ANC) headphones, the audio signal is modified together with the primary noise if a feedback controller is used. Although this problem can be alleviated with an FIR model of the secondary path, practical implementations are usually restricted by its computational complexity. In this paper, cascade biquad filters are used to compensate for the modification of the audio system. Instead of using classical identification methods with an IIR model, the audio compensation problem is fixed through an optimization process. An objective function evaluating the comprehensive compensation performance is proposed, whose minimum value is obtained using the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Simulations and experiments are carried out, whose results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed optimization method. The averaged compensation error can be reduced to about 0.5 dB with only two to five biquad filters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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29 pages, 6834 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Advanced Dynamics Processes Applied to an Articulated Robot

by Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu

Processes 2022, 10(4), 640; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr10040640 - 24 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3622

Abstract

The paper presents the dynamics of a 2R planar articulated robot, developed by two original methods. One is the classical “Lagrangian” adapted by the author, and the second method is absolutely original. The dynamics of the robot are based in both cases on the variation of the inertial forces in the mechanism, or practically on the influence of the masses of the moving elements of the robot. The influence of external loads, weights and the load to be transported is also taken into account. Another original element of the work is the choice of speeds in such a way that they correspond to an optimum necessary for the inverse kinematics imposed on the robot. For this reason, the dynamic operation will be quiet and without large variations or vibrations. If the speeds of the two electric motors (preferably stepper motors) areadapted to those recommended by the author, the controller (PID) used will have a very light load. It is even possible to eliminate it if the adjustment of the two stepper motors (actuators) is performed according to the speeds indicated by the author of the paper. The kinematic motion imposed by the indicated optimal speeds is dynamically and successfully checked by both methods used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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Review

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24 pages, 1562 KiB

Open AccessReview

Overview of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Number Regulations

by Barouch Giechaskiel, Anastasios Melas, Giorgio Martini and Panagiota Dilara

Processes 2021, 9(12), 2216; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9122216 - 08 Dec 2021

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4821

Abstract

Vehicle emissions are a significant source of air pollution in cities. Particulate matter (PM) is a pollutant with adverse health effects. Regulations worldwide determine the PM exhaust emissions of vehicles by gravimetric quantification of the mass deposited on a filter over a test cycle. The introduction of particulate filters as vehicle exhaust gas aftertreatment devices led to low PM emissions. A particle number methodology (counting solid particles > 23 nm), complementary to the PM mass measurement, was developed by the PMP (Particle Measurement Programme) group of the GRPE (Working Party on Pollution and Energy) of the UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) during the first decade of the 21st century. The methodology was then introduced in the EU (European Union) regulations for light-duty (2011), heavy-duty (2013), and non-road mobile machinery (2019). In parallel, during the last 15 years, UN (United Nations) regulations and GTRs (Global Technical Regulations) including this methodology were also developed. To address the on-road emissions, the EU introduced RDE (real-driving emissions) testing with PEMS (portable emissions measurement systems) in 2017. Other countries (e.g., China, India) have also started adopting the number methodology. The PMP group recently improved the current laboratory and on-board methodologies and also extended them to a lower particle size (counting solid particles > 10 nm). Due to the rapid evolution of the vehicle exhaust particle number regulations and the lack of a summary in the literature, this paper gives an overview of current and near future regulations. Emphasis is given on the technical specifications and the changes that have taken place over the years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes Creating New Technologies in Tomorrow's Industry)

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