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Processes
Special Issues
Development of In Vitro Disease Modelling
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Development of In Vitro Disease Modelling

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2021) | Viewed by 17315

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Biraja Dash

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Interests: DNA extraction; tissue engineering; protein purification; cell culture; vascular tissue engineering; biomaterials; induced pluripotent stem cells; disease modeling; skin regeneration and wound healing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Most of the current research focuses on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human disease pathophysiology to develop innovative and improved therapies or diagnostic tools. While small-animal models, such as transgenic mice, have been designed to achieve diseased states, they fail to completely recreate the pathogenesis as seen in humans because of their differences in gene, phenotype, and physiology with respect to humans. Furthermore, animal models would not be helpful in investigating conditions that are highly dependent on the genetic, epigenetic, or microbiome make-up of a human individual. The milestones achieved within the field of stem cell biology and tissue engineering over the last few decades have revolutionized the field of disease modeling and have the potentials to establish in vitro models from human diseased tissue that can demonstrate relevant degenerative mechanisms. In this Special Issue, we welcome both research and review manuscripts targeted towards disease modeling using engineering and stem cell approaches including , but not limited to, in vitro models of diseases of the heart, lung, intestine, liver, kidney, cartilage, skin, and vascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, as well as models of infectious diseases and cancer. We also encourage manuscripts on the use of human inducible pluripotent stem cells to recreate diseases in a dish.

Dr. Biraja Dash
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • In vitro disease models
  • Stem cells
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells
  • Tissue engineering
  • Organ-on-a-chip
  • Microfluidic devices
  • 3D culture
  • Drug screening
  • CRISPR

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1636 KiB  
Article
Dog Rabies in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Implications for Control
by Masud M A, Md Hamidul Islam, Muhaiminul Islam Adnan and Chunyoung Oh
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1513; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8111513 - 21 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3253
Abstract
Controlling rabies among free-roaming street dogs has been a huge challenge in many parts of the world. Vaccination is a commonly used strategy to control rabies, however, sufficient vaccination coverage is very challenging when it comes to street dogs. Also, dog rabies data [...] Read more.
Controlling rabies among free-roaming street dogs has been a huge challenge in many parts of the world. Vaccination is a commonly used strategy to control rabies, however, sufficient vaccination coverage is very challenging when it comes to street dogs. Also, dog rabies data is scarce, making it difficult to develop proper strategies. In this study, we use a logistic growth incorporated epidemic model to understand the prevalence of rabies in the dog population of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study shows that, the basic reproduction number for dog rabies in Dhaka lies between 1.1 to 1.249 and the environmental carrying capacity lies approximately between 58,110 to 194,739. Considering the vaccination and neuter programs administered in the last decade, we attempt to explain rabies transmission among dogs in this population. We found that the high basic reproduction number is associated with high environmental carrying capacity and vice versa. Further, we compare different type of control strategies, viz., constant vaccination, pulse vaccination, and optimal vaccination strategies. In the case of high environmental carrying capacity, vaccination, and neuter strategy is not sufficient for controlling rabies in street dogs, whereas carrying capacity control through waste management coupled with vaccination and neuter is more effective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of In Vitro Disease Modelling)
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20 pages, 2466 KiB  
Article
Protective Effects of Ginger Extract against Glycation and Oxidative Stress-Induced Health Complications: An In Vitro Study
by Shehwaz Anwar, Ahmad Almatroudi, Khaled S. Allemailem, Rejo Jacob Joseph, Amjad Ali Khan and Arshad Husain Rahmani
Processes 2020, 8(4), 468; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8040468 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 6025
Abstract
Protein glycation and oxidative stress lead to severe health complications in various diseases including diabetes mellitus. The intake of flavonoid-rich foods has been confirmed previously to have a positive effect on human health. Ginger is an important source of flavonoids and is one [...] Read more.
Protein glycation and oxidative stress lead to severe health complications in various diseases including diabetes mellitus. The intake of flavonoid-rich foods has been confirmed previously to have a positive effect on human health. Ginger is an important source of flavonoids and is one of the most widely used traditional medicines in many Asian countries. The aim of this study was to verify the therapeutic potential of methanolic extract from ginger against glycation and other oxidative stress-induced complications using in vitro study. In this study, quantitative estimations of antioxidant components such as total phenolic and flavonoids were determined by UV–visible spectrophotometry. The anti-inflammatory action of the ginger extract was checked by determining its protective action against the denaturation of proteins, anti-proteinase activity and its membrane stabilization effect. The anti-inflammatory action of ginger extract was found to be comparable with reference standard drugs. The antiglycating effect of ginger extract was investigated by placing bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glucose in the presence and absence of ginger extract for two weeks at 37 °C. The incubated samples were analyzed for the number of glycation products, secondary structural changes, aggregation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation by checking browning intensity, determination of aggregation index and Congo red assays. Our findings demonstrated that ginger extract (600 µg/mL) significantly reduced the browning, secondary structural changes, aggregation and AGEs formation. Thus, it can be concluded from these results that ginger extract is a wealthy source of antioxidants and can be used to prevent the glycation and oxidative stress-induced damage of biomolecules in various health complications including inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of In Vitro Disease Modelling)
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10 pages, 2707 KiB  
Article
Application of an In Vitro Psoriatic Skin Model to Study Cutaneous Metabolization of Tazarotene
by Alexandre Morin, Mélissa Simard, Geneviève Rioux, Alexe Grenier, Sophie Morin and Roxane Pouliot
Processes 2019, 7(12), 871; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7120871 - 21 Nov 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3247
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by the presence of whitish and scaly plaques, which can cover up to 90% of the body surface. These plaques result from the hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Dermopharmaceutical testing of new therapies is limited [...] Read more.
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by the presence of whitish and scaly plaques, which can cover up to 90% of the body surface. These plaques result from the hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Dermopharmaceutical testing of new therapies is limited by healthy and pathological skin models, which are not closely enough mimicking their in vivo counterparts. In this study, we exploited percutaneous absorption and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) analyses in order to determine the metabolic capacity of our psoriatic skin model. Skin substitutes were reconstructed according to the self-assembly method and tested regarding their percutaneous absorption of a topical formulation of tazarotene, followed by UPLC analyses. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed both the healthy and psoriatic phenotypes. Results from percutaneous absorption showed a significant level of tazarotene metabolite (tazarotenic acid) when the formulation was applied over 24 h on the skin substitutes. The presence of tazarotenic acid in the dermis and the epidermis of healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes confirms the metabolic capacity of both skin models, and thereby their ability to screen new molecules with antipsoriatic potential. In conclusion, the present data suggest that our psoriatic skin model could possibly be used in clinic to screen in vitro responses of patient to a panel of drugs without having them experiencing the drawback of each drug. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of In Vitro Disease Modelling)
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Review

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13 pages, 252 KiB  
Review
Stem Cell Therapy for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)
by Biraja C. Dash, Hassan Peyvandi, Kaiti Duan, Edward Richardson, Sifon U. Ndon, Kyle S. Gabrick, Athena A. Faz, John A. Persing, Alan Dardik and Henry C. Hsia
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1408; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8111408 - 04 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3547
Abstract
Buerger’s disease or Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) is a nonatherosclerotic segmental vascular disease which affects small and medium arteries and veins in the upper and lower extremities. Based on pathological findings, TAO can be considered as a distinct form of vasculitis that is most [...] Read more.
Buerger’s disease or Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) is a nonatherosclerotic segmental vascular disease which affects small and medium arteries and veins in the upper and lower extremities. Based on pathological findings, TAO can be considered as a distinct form of vasculitis that is most prevalent in young male smokers. There is no definitive cure for this disease as therapeutic modalities are limited in number and efficacy. Surgical bypass has limited utility and 24% of patients will ultimately require amputation. Recently, studies have shown that therapeutic angiogenesis and immunomodulatory approaches through the delivery of stem cells to target tissues are potential options for ischemic lesion treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of TAO treatment and provide an overview of stem cell-based treatment modalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of In Vitro Disease Modelling)
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