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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids
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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2020) | Viewed by 62003

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hussein A. Mohammed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
WA School of Mines-Minerals, Energy & Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Interests: aerodynamics; instrumentation design/development and testing; fundamentals and advanced heat transfer aspects; fluid flow; refrigeration and air-conditioning; renewable energy studies (solar energy); nanomaterials (nanofluids) synthesis and characterisation; MEMS engineering and combustion science
Dr. Mohsen Sheikholeslami

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148-71167, Iran
Interests: nanofluid; CFD simulation; mesoscopic modelling; nonlinear science; magnetohydrodynamics; ferrohydrodynamics; electrohydrodynamics; heat exchangers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ashkan Vatani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Interests: heat transfer; nanofluids; CFD; medical engineering; magnetohydrodynamics; heat exchangers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed the development of a new category of fluids termed nanofluids. A nanofluid refers to the suspension of nanosize particles, which are suspended in the base fluid with low thermal conductivity. The base fluid, or dispersing medium, can be aqueous or non-aqueous in nature. Typical nanoparticles are metals, oxides, carbides, nitrides, or carbon nanotubes. Using these nanoparticles, the heat transfer coefficient would be increased and consequently enhance the heat transfer value and performance of base fluids. Some of these fluids can be considered Newtonian fluids, but in many applications, the Newtonian model is not very accurate; therefore, it has generally been acknowledged that non-Newtonian fluids exhibiting a nonlinear relationship between the stresses and the rate of strain are more appropriate in technological applications as compared to Newtonian fluids.

This Special Issue on “Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids” seeks high-quality works focusing on the latest novel advances and applications of nanofluids both numerically and experimentally in different engineering geometries. It also aims to address longstanding challenges associated with the synthesis and characterisation of nanofluids and its enhacement mechanisms. Existing literature bears witness that investigations on the abovementioned topic are still in progress, particularly at the macroscale and microscale levels in multiphase models. In order to fill this gap, researchers are invited to contribute original research and review articles in the following potential topics or any other relevant topics (see keywords below). 

Dr. Hussein A. Mohammed
Dr. Mohsen Sheikholeslami
Dr. Ashkan Vatani
Guest editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Numerical simulation and modelling of nanofluid in different engineering geometries
  • Macroscale and microscale nanofluids simulation or experimental techniques 
  • Experimental data on nanofluid flows (internal and external) 
  • Numerical/analytical solutions of laminar/turbulent boundary layer nanofluid flows 
  • Heat and mass transfer in nanofluids for Newtonian and non-Newtonian
  • Particle shape, thermophoresis, Brownian effects of nanofluid 
  • Numerical/experimental mechanisms behind nanofluids enhancement 
  • Steady and transient nanofluid flow problems 
  • Multiphase nanofluids flow simulations and experiments 
  • Magnetohydrodynamics and magnetically driven ferrofluid flows

Published Papers (21 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2811 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer Improvement in MHD Natural Convection Flow of Graphite Oxide/Carbon Nanotubes-Methanol Based Casson Nanofluids Past a Horizontal Circular Cylinder
by Abdulkareem Saleh Hamarsheh, Firas A. Alwawi, Hamzeh T. Alkasasbeh, Ahmed M. Rashad and Ruwaidiah Idris
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1444; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8111444 - 11 Nov 2020
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 2049
Abstract
This numerical investigation intends to present the impact of nanoparticles volume fraction, Casson, and magnetic force on natural convection in the boundary layer region of a horizontal cylinder in a Casson nanofluid under constant heat flux boundary conditions. Methanol is considered as a [...] Read more.
This numerical investigation intends to present the impact of nanoparticles volume fraction, Casson, and magnetic force on natural convection in the boundary layer region of a horizontal cylinder in a Casson nanofluid under constant heat flux boundary conditions. Methanol is considered as a host Casson fluid. Graphite oxide (GO), single and multiple walls carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) nanoparticles have been incorporated to support the heat transfer performances of the host fluid. The Keller box technique is employed to solve the transformed governing equations. Our numerical findings were in an excellent agreement with the preceding literature. Graphical results of the effect of the relevant parameters on some physical quantities related to examine the behavior of Casson nanofluid flow were obtained, and they confirmed that an augmentation in Casson parameter results in a decline in local skin friction, velocity, or temperature, as well as leading to an increment in local Nusselt number. Furthermore, MWCNTs are the most efficient in improving the rate of heat transfer and velocity, and they possess the lowest temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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17 pages, 4578 KiB  
Article
Marangoni Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer of Graphene–Water Nanofluid with Particle Shape Effects
by Umair Rashid, Dumitru Baleanu, Haiyi Liang, Muhammad Abbas, Azhar Iqbal and Jamshid ul Rahman
Processes 2020, 8(9), 1120; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8091120 - 09 Sep 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2772
Abstract
Graphene nanofluids have attracted the attention of many researchers because of a variety of remarkable properties such as extraordinary electronic transport properties, high thermal conductivity, and large specific surface areas. This paper investigates the shape effects of nanoparticles on the Marangoni boundary layer [...] Read more.
Graphene nanofluids have attracted the attention of many researchers because of a variety of remarkable properties such as extraordinary electronic transport properties, high thermal conductivity, and large specific surface areas. This paper investigates the shape effects of nanoparticles on the Marangoni boundary layer of graphene–water nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a porous medium under the influences of the suction parameter. The graphene–water nanofluid flow was contained with various shapes of nanoparticles, namely sphere, column, platelet, and lamina. The problem is modeled in form of partial differential equations (PDES) with boundary conditions. The governing transport equations are converted into dimensionless form with the help of some suitable nondimensional variables. The solution of the problem was found numerically using the NDSolve technique of Mathematica 10.3 software. In addition, the numerical solutions were also compared with analytical results. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to calculate the analytical results. The results show that lamina-shaped nanoparticles have better performance on temperature distribution while sphere-shaped nanoparticles are more efficient for heat transfer than other shapes of nanoparticles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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14 pages, 4986 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis on Bingham–Papanastasiou Viscoplastic Flow in a Channel with Circular/Square Obstacles: A Comparative Benchmarking
by Asif Mehmood, Waqar A. Khan, Rashid Mahmood and Khalil Ur Rehman
Processes 2020, 8(7), 779; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8070779 - 03 Jul 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2383
Abstract
A CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis was carried out for the Bingham viscoplastic fluid flow simulations around cylinders of circular and square shapes. The governing equations in space were discretized with the finite element approach via a weak formulation and utilizing Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi-stable pair [...] Read more.
A CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis was carried out for the Bingham viscoplastic fluid flow simulations around cylinders of circular and square shapes. The governing equations in space were discretized with the finite element approach via a weak formulation and utilizing Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi-stable pair Q 2 / P 1 disc for approximation of the velocity and pressure profiles. The discrete non-linear system was linearized through Newton’s method, and a direct linear solver was iterated as an inner core solver. The study predicts the functional dependence and impact of Bingham number, B n , on the drag coefficient and lift coefficient. The effect of the shape of an obstacle is also provided by providing comparative data for the hydrodynamic forces with the published results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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14 pages, 6226 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Variations of Flow from Tributary Channel on the Flow Behavior in a T-Shape Confluence
by Aliasghar Azma and Yongxiang Zhang
Processes 2020, 8(5), 614; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8050614 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2940
Abstract
Channel confluences are of the common structures in fluid transport channels. In this study, a series of numerical simulations were performed, utilizing a 3D code to investigate the reaction of the flow parameters and vortical structure to the variations in flow discharge and [...] Read more.
Channel confluences are of the common structures in fluid transport channels. In this study, a series of numerical simulations were performed, utilizing a 3D code to investigate the reaction of the flow parameters and vortical structure to the variations in flow discharge and its Froude number from both main channel and tributary branch in a T-shape junction. The code was calibrated with the experimental data. Parameters, including the velocity, the turbulence energy, stream surface profile, head losses, and the transverse flow motions, were considered in different situations. It was concluded that increasing the ratio of discharge of flow from side-channel to the main channel (Q*) increased the area and power of the recirculation zone, as well as the width of separation plate downstream of the confluence, while it reduced the area of the stagnation zone (or the wake vortex) within the side-channel. It was also indicated that increasing the discharge ratio from side-channel resulted in an increase in the upstream water level in the main channels, which was dependent on the upstream discharge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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12 pages, 2097 KiB  
Article
Identification of the Interfacial Surface in Separation of Two-Phase Multicomponent Systems
by Ivan Pavlenko, Oleksandr Liaposhchenko, Vsevolod Sklabinskyi, Vitaly Storozhenko, Yakov Mikhajlovskiy, Marek Ochowiak, Vitalii Ivanov, Jan Pitel, Oleksandr Starynskyi, Sylwia Włodarczak, Andżelika Krupińska and Małgorzata Markowska
Processes 2020, 8(3), 306; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8030306 - 06 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3815
Abstract
The area of the contact surface of phases is one of the main hydrodynamic indicators determining the separation and heat and mass transfer equipment calculations. Methods of evaluating this indicator in the separation of multicomponent two-phase systems were considered. It was established that [...] Read more.
The area of the contact surface of phases is one of the main hydrodynamic indicators determining the separation and heat and mass transfer equipment calculations. Methods of evaluating this indicator in the separation of multicomponent two-phase systems were considered. It was established that the existing methods for determining the interfacial surface are empirical ones, therefore limited in their applications. Consequently, the use of the corresponding approaches is appropriate for certain technological equipment only. Due to the abovementioned reasons, the universal analytical formula for determining the interfacial surface was developed. The approach is based on both the deterministic and probabilistic mathematical models. The methodology was approved on the example of separation of two-phase systems considering the different fractional distribution of dispersed particles. It was proved that the area of the contact surface with an accuracy to a dimensionless ratio depends on the volume concentration of the dispersed phase and the volume of flow. The separate cases of evaluating the contact area ratio were considered for different laws of the fractional distribution of dispersed particles. As a result, the dependence on the identification of the abovementioned dimensionless ratio was proposed, as well as its limiting values were determined. Finally, a need for the introduction of the correction factor was substantiated and practically proved on the example of mass-transfer equipment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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15 pages, 3562 KiB  
Article
3D Magneto-Buoyancy-Thermocapillary Convection of CNT-Water Nanofluid in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
by Lioua Kolsi, Salem Algarni, Hussein A. Mohammed, Walid Hassen, Emtinene Lajnef, Walid Aich and Mohammed A. Almeshaal
Processes 2020, 8(3), 258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8030258 - 25 Feb 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2495
Abstract
A numerical study is performed to investigate the effects of adding Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) and applying a magnetic field in two directions (vertical and horizontal) on the 3D-thermo-capillary natural convection. The cavity is differentially heated with a free upper surface. Governing equations [...] Read more.
A numerical study is performed to investigate the effects of adding Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) and applying a magnetic field in two directions (vertical and horizontal) on the 3D-thermo-capillary natural convection. The cavity is differentially heated with a free upper surface. Governing equations are solved using the finite volume method. Results are presented in term of flow structure, temperature field and rate of heat transfer. In fact, results revealed that the flow structure and heat transfer rate are considerably affected by the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field, the presence of thermocapillary forces and by increasing nanoparticles volume fraction. In opposition, the increase of the magnetic field magnitude leads to the control the flow causing flow stabilization by merging vortexes and reducing heat transfer rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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25 pages, 5677 KiB  
Article
Thermal–Hydraulic Performance in a Microchannel Heat Sink Equipped with Longitudinal Vortex Generators (LVGs) and Nanofluid
by Basel AL Muallim, Mazlan A. Wahid, Hussein A. Mohammed, Mohammed Kamil and Daryoush Habibi
Processes 2020, 8(2), 231; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8020231 - 17 Feb 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3617
Abstract
In this study, the numerical conjugate heat transfer and hydraulic performance of nanofluids flow in a rectangular microchannel heat sink (RMCHS) with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) was investigated at different Reynolds numbers (200–1200). Three-dimensional simulations are performed on a microchannel heated by a [...] Read more.
In this study, the numerical conjugate heat transfer and hydraulic performance of nanofluids flow in a rectangular microchannel heat sink (RMCHS) with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) was investigated at different Reynolds numbers (200–1200). Three-dimensional simulations are performed on a microchannel heated by a constant temperature with five different configurations with different angles of attack for the LVGs under laminar flow conditions. The study uses five different nanofluid combinations of Al2O3 or CuO, containing low volume fractions in the range of 0.5% to 3.0% with various nanoparticle sizes that are dispersed in pure water, PAO (Polyalphaolefin) or ethylene glycol. The results show that for Reynolds number ranging from 100 to 1100, Al2O3–water has the best performance compared with CuO nanofluid with Nusselt number values between 7.67 and 14.7, with an associated increase in Fanning friction factor by values of 0.0219–0.095. For the case of different base fluids, the results show that CuO–PAO has the best performance with Nusselt number values between 9.57 and 15.88, with an associated increase in Fanning friction factor by 0.022–0.096. The overall performance of all configurations of microchannels equipped with LVGs and nanofluid showed higher values than the ones without LVG and water as a working fluid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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24 pages, 13819 KiB  
Article
On Fluid Flow Field Visualization in a Staggered Cavity: A Numerical Result
by Khalil Ur Rehman, Nabeela Kousar, Waqar A. Khan and Nosheen Fatima
Processes 2020, 8(2), 226; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8020226 - 15 Feb 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2971
Abstract
In this paper we have considered a staggered cavity. It is equipped with purely viscous fluid. The physical design is controlled through mathematical formulation in terms of both the equation of continuity and equation of momentum along with boundary constraints. To be more [...] Read more.
In this paper we have considered a staggered cavity. It is equipped with purely viscous fluid. The physical design is controlled through mathematical formulation in terms of both the equation of continuity and equation of momentum along with boundary constraints. To be more specific, the Navier-Stokes equations for two dimensional Newtonian fluid flow in staggered enclosure is formulated and solved by well trusted method named finite element method. The novelty is increased by considering the motion of upper and lower walls of staggered cavity case-wise namely, in first case we consider that the upper wall of staggered cavity is moving and rest of walls are kept at zero velocity. In second case we consider that the upper and bottom walls are moving in a parallel way. Lastly, the upper and bottom walls are considered in an antiparallel direction. In all cases the deep analysis is performed and results are proposed by means of contour plots. The velocity components are explained by line graphs as well. The kinetic energy examination is reported for all cases. It is trusted that the findings reported in present pagination well serve as a helping source for the upcoming studies towards fluid flow in an enclosure domains being involved in an industrial areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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17 pages, 3080 KiB  
Article
Thermal Radiation and MHD Effects in the Mixed Convection Flow of Fe3O4–Water Ferrofluid towards a Nonlinearly Moving Surface
by Anuar Jamaludin, Kohilavani Naganthran, Roslinda Nazar and Ioan Pop
Processes 2020, 8(1), 95; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8010095 - 10 Jan 2020
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 3402
Abstract
This paper investigated the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of Fe3O4-water ferrofluid over a nonlinearly moving surface. The present work focused on how the state of suction on the surface of the moving sheet and the effects of thermal [...] Read more.
This paper investigated the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of Fe3O4-water ferrofluid over a nonlinearly moving surface. The present work focused on how the state of suction on the surface of the moving sheet and the effects of thermal radiation influence the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics within the stagnation region. As such, a similarity solution is engaged to transform the governing partial differential equations to the ordinary differential equations. A collocation method, namely the bvp4c function in the MATLAB software solves the reduced system, numerically. Two different numerical solutions were identified for the cases of assisting and opposing flows. The stability analysis was conducted to test the stability of the non-uniqueness solutions. The increment of the thermal radiation effect affects the rate of heat transfer to decrease. The stability analysis conveyed that the upper branch solution is stable and vice versa for the other solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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19 pages, 1232 KiB  
Article
Multi-Response Optimization of Nanofluid-Based I. C. Engine Cooling System Using Fuzzy PIV Method
by Mohd Seraj, Syed Mohd Yahya, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Ali E. Anqi, Mohammad Asjad and Zahid A. Khan
Processes 2020, 8(1), 30; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8010030 - 25 Dec 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3251
Abstract
Effective cooling of the internal combustion (I. C.) engines is of utmost importance for their improved performance. Automotive heat exchangers used as radiator with low efficiency in the industry may pose a serious threat to the engines. Thus, thermal scientists and engineers are [...] Read more.
Effective cooling of the internal combustion (I. C.) engines is of utmost importance for their improved performance. Automotive heat exchangers used as radiator with low efficiency in the industry may pose a serious threat to the engines. Thus, thermal scientists and engineers are always looking for modern methods to boost the heat extraction from the engine. A novel idea of using nanofluids for engine cooling has been in the news for some time now, as they have huge potential because of better thermal properties, strength, compactness, etc. Nanofluids are expected to replace the conventional fluids such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, water etc. due to performance and environmental concerns. Overall performance of the engine cooling system depends on several input parameters and therefore they need to be optimised to achieve an optimum performance. This study is focussed on developing a nanofluid engine cooling system (NFECS) where Al2O3 nanoparticles mixed with ethylene glycol (EG) and water is used as nanofluid. Furthermore, it also explores the effect of four important input parameters of the NFECS i.e., nanofluid inlet temperature, engine load, nanofluid flow rate, and nanoparticle concentration on its five attributes (output responses) viz thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, heat transfer coefficient, viscosity of the nanofluid, engine pumping power required to pump the desired amount of the nanofluid, and stability of the nanofluid. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array is used as the design of experiment to collect experimental data. Weighting factors are determined for output responses using the Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN) and optimal setting of the input parameters is obtained using a novel fuzzy proximity index value (FPIV) method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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20 pages, 9682 KiB  
Article
Entropy Generation and Dual Solutions in Mixed Convection Stagnation Point Flow of Micropolar Ti6Al4V Nanoparticle along a Riga Surface
by A. Zaib, Umair Khan, Ilyas Khan, Asiful H. Seikh and El-Sayed M. Sherif
Processes 2020, 8(1), 14; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8010014 - 20 Dec 2019
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 2648
Abstract
Entropy generation and dual solutions are rarely studied in the literature. An analysis is attempted here. More exactly, the present paper looks at the impact of radiation of a micropolar fluid on mixed convective flow containing the titanium alloy Ti6Al4 [...] Read more.
Entropy generation and dual solutions are rarely studied in the literature. An analysis is attempted here. More exactly, the present paper looks at the impact of radiation of a micropolar fluid on mixed convective flow containing the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V nanoparticle along with a Riga plate. The study of dual-nature solution for the entropy generation along a Riga surface was not being explored in the literature; therefore, the current model focuses on the dual solutions of this complex nature model. Riga surface is identified as an actuator of electromagnetic in which electrodes are accumulated alternatively. This array produces the behavior of electromagnetic hydrodynamic in the flow field. The transmuted leading equations were worked out through the formula of 3-stage Lobatto IIIA. Influences of exercising enormous parameters on temperature distribution, velocity, and micro rotation fields are portrayed and argued. More than one solution is achieved in opposing flow, while in the phenomenon of assisting flow result is unique. Moreover, due to the micropolar parameter, the separation of the boundary layer is decelerating. It is determined that the entire structure produces the dual-nature solution of the phenomenon of stagnation point flow, and the temperature profile behavior shows the significant enhancement in the thermal conductivity due to the addition of the nanoparticle. The results exposed that liquid velocity is enhanced, and micro rotation is decelerated, by improving the values of Hartmann numbers in both solutions, whereas the temperature field is decelerated in the first solution and accelerated in the second solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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18 pages, 1608 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer in Cadmium Telluride-Water Nanofluid over a Vertical Cone under the Effects of Magnetic Field inside Porous Medium
by Hanifa Hanif, Ilyas Khan, Sharidan Shafie and Waqar A. Khan
Processes 2020, 8(1), 7; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr8010007 - 18 Dec 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2296
Abstract
The present research provides a numerical investigation of two dimensional nanofluid flow over an inverted cone inside a porous medium. The model is developed to incorporate non-spherical shapes of C d T e -nanoparticles in water based fluid. Simultaneous effects of pertinent parameters [...] Read more.
The present research provides a numerical investigation of two dimensional nanofluid flow over an inverted cone inside a porous medium. The model is developed to incorporate non-spherical shapes of C d T e -nanoparticles in water based fluid. Simultaneous effects of pertinent parameters like volume fraction, Reynold number, Hartmann number, porosity, Grashof number, radiation parameter and Peclet number on temperature distribution and velocity profile are studied and illustrated graphically. In addition, the corresponding computational results of Nusselt number and skin frication for regulating parameters are also presented in graphs and tables. The highest Nusselt number is observed for blade-shaped C d T e particles. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity and viscosity are also calculated for non-spherical shapes of C d T e nanoparticles. The result showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluid with blade-shaped particles is 0.94 % and 1.93 % greater than platelet and brick type particles. The computational results for the special case are validated by comparisons with the presented results in previous studies and the results are in perfect agreement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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24 pages, 16606 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction Effects on a (Cu−CuO)/NaAlg Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past a Stretching Curved Surface
by Naveed Ahmed, Fitnat Saba, Umar Khan, Syed Tauseef Mohyud-Din, El-Sayed M. Sherif and Ilyas Khan
Processes 2019, 7(12), 962; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7120962 - 16 Dec 2019
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 2599
Abstract
The boundary layer flow of sodium alginate ( NaAlg ) based ( Cu − CuO ) hybrid nanofluid, over a curved expanding surface, has been investigated. Heat and mass transport phenomena have also been analyzed. Moreover, the impacts of chemical reaction, magnetic field [...] Read more.
The boundary layer flow of sodium alginate ( NaAlg ) based ( Cu − CuO ) hybrid nanofluid, over a curved expanding surface, has been investigated. Heat and mass transport phenomena have also been analyzed. Moreover, the impacts of chemical reaction, magnetic field and nonlinear thermal radiation are also a part of this study. This arrangement has great practical relevance, especially in the polymer and chemical industries. We have extended the Bruggeman model to make it capable of capturing the thermal conductivity of ( Cu − CuO ) / NaAlg hybrid nanofluid. We have employed some suitable transformations to obtain the governing system of nonlinear ODEs. Runge − Kutta − Fehlberg algorithm, accompanied by a shooting technique, has been employed to solve the governing system numerically. The changes in the flow and heat transfer distribution, due to various parameters, have been captured and portrayed in the form of graphs. It has been found that the addition of the nanometer-sized materials, significantly boosts the thermal and heat transport properties of the host fluid, and these phenomena seem to be more prominent, in the case of ( Cu − CuO ) / NaAlg hybrid nanofluid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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21 pages, 11200 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study of Periodic Magnetic Field Effect on 3D Natural Convection of MWCNT-Water/Nanofluid with Consideration of Aggregation
by Lioua Kolsi, Hakan F. Oztop, Kaouther Ghachem, Mohammed A. Almeshaal, Hussein A. Mohammed, Houman Babazadeh and Nidal Abu-Hamdeh
Processes 2019, 7(12), 957; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7120957 - 14 Dec 2019
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3351
Abstract
In this paper, a numerical study is performed to investigate the effect of a periodic magnetic field on three-dimensional free convection of MWCNT (Mutli-Walled Carbone Nanotubes)-water/nanofluid. Time-dependent governing equations are solved using the finite volume method under unsteady magnetic field oriented in the [...] Read more.
In this paper, a numerical study is performed to investigate the effect of a periodic magnetic field on three-dimensional free convection of MWCNT (Mutli-Walled Carbone Nanotubes)-water/nanofluid. Time-dependent governing equations are solved using the finite volume method under unsteady magnetic field oriented in the x-direction for various Hartmann numbers, oscillation periods, and nanoparticle volume fractions. The aggregation effect is considered in the evaluation of the MWCNT-water/nanofluid thermophysical properties. It is found that oscillation period, the magnitude of the magnetic field, and adding nanoparticles have an important effect on heat transfer, temperature field, and flow structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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26 pages, 10165 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer Enhancement by Coupling of Carbon Nanotubes and SiO2 Nanofluids: A Numerical Approach
by Fitnat Saba, Saima Noor, Naveed Ahmed, Umar Khan, Syed Tauseef Mohyud-Din, Zarqa Bano, El-Sayed M. Sherif and Ilyas Khan
Processes 2019, 7(12), 937; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7120937 - 09 Dec 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2382
Abstract
This article comprises the study of three-dimensional squeezing flow of (CNT-SiO2/H2O) hybrid nanofluid. The flow is confined inside a rotating channel whose lower wall is stretchable as well as permeable. Heat transfer with viscous dissipation is a main subject [...] Read more.
This article comprises the study of three-dimensional squeezing flow of (CNT-SiO2/H2O) hybrid nanofluid. The flow is confined inside a rotating channel whose lower wall is stretchable as well as permeable. Heat transfer with viscous dissipation is a main subject of interest. We have analyzed mathematically the benefits of hybridizing SiO 2 -based nanofluid with carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) nanoparticles. To describe the effective thermal conductivity of the CNTs -based nanofluid, a renovated Hamilton–Crosser model (RHCM) has been employed. This model is an extension of Hamilton and Crosser’s model because it also incorporates the effect of the interfacial layer. For the present flow scenario, the governing equations (after the implementation of similarity transformations) results in a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We have solved that system of ODEs, coupled with suitable boundary conditions (BCs), by implementing a newly proposed modified Hermite wavelet method (MHWM). The credibility of the proposed algorithm has been ensured by comparing the procured results with the result obtained by the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg solution. Moreover, graphical assistance has also been provided to inspect the significance of various embedded parameters on the temperature and velocity profile. The expression for the local Nusselt number and the skin friction coefficient were also derived, and their influential behavior has been briefly discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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19 pages, 6181 KiB  
Article
Activation Energy and Second Order Slip in Bioconvection of Oldroyd-B Nanofluid over a Stretching Cylinder: A Proposed Mathematical Model
by Iskander Tlili, H. Waqas, Abulmajeed Almaneea, Sami Ullah Khan and M. Imran
Processes 2019, 7(12), 914; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7120914 - 03 Dec 2019
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 3137
Abstract
The thermal performances based on the interaction of nanoparticles are the topic of great interest in recent years. In the current continuation, we have utilized the activation energy and thermal radiation consequences in the bioconvection flow of magnetized Oldroyd-B nanoparticles over a stretching [...] Read more.
The thermal performances based on the interaction of nanoparticles are the topic of great interest in recent years. In the current continuation, we have utilized the activation energy and thermal radiation consequences in the bioconvection flow of magnetized Oldroyd-B nanoparticles over a stretching cylinder. As a novelty, the second order slip features (Wu’s slip) and convective Nield boundary assumptions are also introduced for the flow situation. The heat performances of nanofluids are captured with an evaluation of the famous Buongiorno’s model which enables us to determine the attractive features of Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion. The suggested thermal system is based on the flow velocity, nanoparticles temperature, nanoparticles volume fraction and motile microorganisms. The governing flow equations for the flow problem are constituted with relevant references for which numerically solution is developed via shooting algorithm. A detailed graphically analysis for the assisted flow problem is performed in view of the involved parameters. Although some studies are available in the literature which deals with the flow of various fluids over-stretching cylinder, the phenomenon of bioconvection and other interesting features are not reported yet. Therefore, present scientific computations are performed to fill this gap and the reported results can be more useful for the enhancement of thermal extrusion processes, solar energy systems, and biofuels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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15 pages, 2790 KiB  
Article
Interaction of Wu’s Slip Features in Bioconvection of Eyring Powell Nanoparticles with Activation Energy
by Anas M. Alwatban, Sami Ullah Khan, Hassan Waqas and Iskander Tlili
Processes 2019, 7(11), 859; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7110859 - 18 Nov 2019
Cited by 75 | Viewed by 3454
Abstract
The current continuation aim is to explore the rheological consequences of Eyring Powell nanofluid over a moving surface in the presence of activation energy and thermal radiation. The bioconvection of magnetized nanoparticles is executed with the evaluation of motile microorganism. The most interesting [...] Read more.
The current continuation aim is to explore the rheological consequences of Eyring Powell nanofluid over a moving surface in the presence of activation energy and thermal radiation. The bioconvection of magnetized nanoparticles is executed with the evaluation of motile microorganism. The most interesting Wu’s slip effects are also assumed near the surface. The evaluation of nanoparticles for current flow problems has been examined by using Buongiorno’s model. The governing equations for the assumed flow problem are constituted under the boundary layer assumptions. After converting these equations in dimensionless form, the famous shooting technique is executed. A detailed physical significance is searched out in the presence of slip features. The variation of physical quantities, namely velocity, nanoparticles temperature, nano particles concentration, motile microorganism density, skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and motile organism density number are observed with detailed physical aspects for various flow controlling parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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14 pages, 2708 KiB  
Article
Stagnation Point Flow with Time-Dependent Bionanofluid Past a Sheet: Richardson Extrapolation Technique
by Kohilavani Naganthran, Md Faisal Md Basir, Sayer Obaid Alharbi, Roslinda Nazar, Anas M. Alwatban and Iskander Tlili
Processes 2019, 7(10), 722; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7100722 - 11 Oct 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2337
Abstract
The study of laminar flow of heat and mass transfer over a moving surface in bionanofluid is of considerable interest because of its importance for industrial and technological processes such as fabrication of bio-nano materials and thermally enhanced media for bio-inspired fuel cells. [...] Read more.
The study of laminar flow of heat and mass transfer over a moving surface in bionanofluid is of considerable interest because of its importance for industrial and technological processes such as fabrication of bio-nano materials and thermally enhanced media for bio-inspired fuel cells. Hence, the present work deals with the unsteady bionanofluid flow, heat and mass transfer past an impermeable stretching/shrinking sheet. The appropriate similarity solutions transform the boundary layer equations with three independent variables to a system of ordinary differential equations with one independent variable. The finite difference coupled with the Richardson extrapolation technique in the Maple software solves the reduced system, numerically. The rate of heat transfer is found to be higher when the flow is decelerated past a stretching sheet. It is understood that the state of shrinking sheet limits the rate of heat transfer and the density of the motile microorganisms in the stagnation region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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14 pages, 3923 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Darcy–Forchheimer 3D Unsteady Nanofluid Flow Comprising Carbon Nanotubes with Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux and Velocity and Thermal Slip Conditions
by Jamshaid ul Rahman, Umair Khan, Shafiq Ahmad, Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Suleman, Dianchen Lu and Saba Inam
Processes 2019, 7(10), 687; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7100687 - 02 Oct 2019
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 2903
Abstract
A mathematical model comprising Darcy Forchheimer effects on the 3D nanofluid flow with engine oil as a base fluid containing suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is envisioned. The CNTs are of both types i.e., multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The [...] Read more.
A mathematical model comprising Darcy Forchheimer effects on the 3D nanofluid flow with engine oil as a base fluid containing suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is envisioned. The CNTs are of both types i.e., multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The flow is initiated by an exponentially stretched surface. The impacts of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux along with velocity and thermal slip conditions are key factors in the novelty of the defined model. The boundary layer notion is designed to convert the compact form of equations into the component shape. Appropriate transformations lead to differential equations with high nonlinearity. The final non-dimensional system is solved numerically by a “MATLAB” function known as bvp4c. For both CNTs, different graphical sketches are drawn to present the influence of arising parameters versus related profiles. The outcomes show that higher slip parameter boosts the axial velocity, whereas fluid temperature lowers for a sturdier relaxation parameter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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16 pages, 1094 KiB  
Article
Darcy–Forchheimer Radiative Flow of Micropoler CNT Nanofluid in Rotating Frame with Convective Heat Generation/Consumption
by Ebraheem O. Alzahrani, Zahir Shah, Wajdi Alghamdi and Malik Zaka Ullah
Processes 2019, 7(10), 666; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7100666 - 27 Sep 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2115
Abstract
Since 1991, from the beginning of the carbon nanotube era, this has been a focus point for investigation due to its synthetic and simple nature. Unique properties like good stiffness, high surface area, and resilience of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been investigated in [...] Read more.
Since 1991, from the beginning of the carbon nanotube era, this has been a focus point for investigation due to its synthetic and simple nature. Unique properties like good stiffness, high surface area, and resilience of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been investigated in many engineering applications such as hydrogen storage, composite material, energy storage, electrochemical super-capacitors, transistors, sensors, and field-emitting devices. Keeping in view these applications, we investigate single and multi-walled CNTs nanofluid flow having water as the base fluid between parallel and horizontal rotating plates with microstructure and inertial properties. The thermal radiation effect is considered for variable phenomenon of heat generation/consumption. The principal equations are first symmetrically transformed to a system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and then, Homotopy Analysis Technique (HAM) and numerical method are employed for solving these coupled equations. The obtained analytical and numerical results are explained graphically and through different tables. The HAM and numerical results show an excellent agreement. The Skin friction and the Nusselt number are numerically calculated and then analyzed with the already published results, and these results are found to be in agreement with one another. The impact of important parameters are shown graphically. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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18 pages, 1021 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Simulation of Multiple Slip Effects on MHD Unsteady Maxwell Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Stretching Sheet with Radiation and Thermo-Diffusion in the Presence of Chemical Reaction
by Bagh Ali, Yufeng Nie, Shahid Ali Khan, Muhammad Tariq Sadiq and Momina Tariq
Processes 2019, 7(9), 628; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr7090628 - 17 Sep 2019
Cited by 71 | Viewed by 3383
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the multiple slip effects on magnetohydrodynamic unsteady Maxwell nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet with thermal radiation and thermo-diffusion in the presence of chemical reaction. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the multiple slip effects on magnetohydrodynamic unsteady Maxwell nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet with thermal radiation and thermo-diffusion in the presence of chemical reaction. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the aid of appropriate similarity variables, and the transformed equations are then solved numerically by using a variational finite element method. The effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, solutal concentration, and nanoparticle concentration profiles as well as on the skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer, and Sherwood number for solutal concentration are discussed by the aid of graphs and tables. An exact solution of flow velocity, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number is compared with the numerical solution obtained by FEM and also with numerical results available in the literature. A good agreement between the exact and numerical solution is observed. Also, to justify the convergence of the finite element numerical solution, the calculations are carried out by reducing the mesh size. The present investigation is relevant to high-temperature nanomaterial processing technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids)
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