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Radiation
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Radiation in the Human Life—Environment and Medical Use
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Radiation in the Human Life—Environment and Medical Use

A special issue of Radiation (ISSN 2673-592X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 9073

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Masahiro Hosoda

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Guest Editor
Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Interests: environmental radioactivity; radiation protection; radiation measurement
Prof. Dr. Yoko Saito

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Interests: diagnostic imaging; computed tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; medical exposure
Prof. Dr. Shinji Tokonami

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Interests: environmental radioactivity; radiation protection; radiation measurement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We receive radiation exposure not only from natural sources such as radon and terrestrial radiation and human activity in occupational and medical settings in daily life, but also from nuclear accidents in emergency situations. Therefore, it is important to assess radiation doses from several sources in various situations to understand the human effects. On the other hand, radiation such as X-ray and γ-ray is essential in the hospital for early detection and treatment to potential disease. As a result, radiological technology for medical use has continued to evolve to adopt new technologies.

This Special Issue on “Radiation in Human Life—Environment and Medical Use” will focus on radiation in the environment and medical use covering radiation measurement, radiation protection, physics, chemical, biology, risk assessment and communication, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment, etc. All manuscripts will be peer reviewed by experts in the field.

Prof. Dr. Masahiro Hosoda
Prof. Dr. Yoko Saito
Prof. Dr. Shinji Tokonami
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Radiation is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • environmental radiation
  • radiation biology
  • medical imaging
  • radiation therapy
  • nuclear imaging
  • radiation protection
  • radiation measurement
  • risk assessment
  • risk communication
  • emergency preparedness and response

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3091 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Ground 222Rn and 226Ra and Long-Term Risk Assessment at the at the Bauxite Bearing Area of Fongo-Tongo, Western Cameroon
by Léonard Boris Djeufack, Guillaume Samuel Bineng, Oumar Bobbo Modibo, Joseph Emmanuel Ndjana Nkoulou II and Saïdou
Radiation 2022, 2(4), 387-404; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/radiation2040029 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
The aim of the current work was to study natural radioactivity in soil and the correlation between 222Rn and 226Ra in the ground and to assess the onsite and indoor long-term excess cancer risk at the bauxite bearing area of Fongo-Tongo [...] Read more.
The aim of the current work was to study natural radioactivity in soil and the correlation between 222Rn and 226Ra in the ground and to assess the onsite and indoor long-term excess cancer risk at the bauxite bearing area of Fongo-Tongo in Western Cameroon. 222Rn was measured in the ground at a depth of one meter, using Markus 10 detector. 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations were measured in soil by two techniques, in situ and laboratory gamma spectrometry. The mean values of 222Rn concentrations in the ground were 69 ± 18 kBqm−3 for Fongo-Tongo and 82 ± 34 kBq m−3 for the locality of Dschang, respectively. The mean values of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations obtained with in situ gamma spectrometry were 129 ± 22, 205 ± 61, and 224 ± 39 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively, and those obtained by laboratory gamma spectrometry were 129 ± 23, 184 ± 54, and 237 ± 44 Bq kg−1, respectively. A strong correlation between 222Rn and 226Ra activity concentrations determined by in situ and laboratory measurements (R2 = 0.86 and 0.88, respectively) was found. In addition, it is shown that the total excess cancer risk has a maximum value of 8.6 × 10−3 at T = 0 year and decreases progressively in the long term. It is also shown that 226Ra makes a major contribution, i.e., above 70%, to the total excess cancer risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiation in the Human Life—Environment and Medical Use)
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11 pages, 1987 KiB  
Article
Validation of a Saliency Map for Assessing Image Quality in Nuclear Medicine: Experimental Study Outcomes
by Shota Hosokawa, Yasuyuki Takahashi, Kazumasa Inoue, Chimo Nagasawa, Yuya Watanabe, Hiroki Yamamoto and Masahiro Fukushi
Radiation 2022, 2(3), 248-258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/radiation2030018 - 01 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1723
Abstract
Recently, the use of saliency maps to evaluate the image quality of nuclear medicine images has been reported. However, that study only compared qualitative visual evaluations and did not perform a quantitative assessment. The study’s aim was to demonstrate the possibility of using [...] Read more.
Recently, the use of saliency maps to evaluate the image quality of nuclear medicine images has been reported. However, that study only compared qualitative visual evaluations and did not perform a quantitative assessment. The study’s aim was to demonstrate the possibility of using saliency maps (calculated from intensity and flicker) to assess nuclear medicine image quality by comparison with the evaluator’s gaze data obtained from an eye-tracking device. We created 972 positron emission tomography images by changing the position of the hot sphere, imaging time, and number of iterations in the iterative reconstructions. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the saliency map calculated from each image and the evaluator’s gaze data during image presentation was calculated. A strong correlation (r ≥ 0.94) was observed between the saliency map (intensity) and the evaluator’s gaze data. This trend was also observed in images obtained from a clinical device. For short acquisition times, the gaze to the hot sphere position was higher for images with fewer iterations during the iterative reconstruction. However, no differences in iterations were found when the acquisition time increased. Saliency by flicker could be applied to clinical images without preprocessing, although compared with the gaze image, it increased slowly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiation in the Human Life—Environment and Medical Use)
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16 pages, 5552 KiB  
Article
Risk Assessment of Exposure to Natural Radiation in Soil Using RESRAD-ONSITE and RESRAD-BIOTA in the Cobalt-Nickel Bearing Areas of Lomié in Eastern Cameroon
by Gondji Dieu Souffit, Saïdou, Oumar Bobbo Modibo, David Lepoire and Shinji Tokonami
Radiation 2022, 2(2), 177-192; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/radiation2020013 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Nkamouna-Kongo is a cobalt–nickel deposit located in Lomié, Eastern Cameroon. Mining creates radiation exposure pathways that must be considered in risk management scenarios. RESRAD-ONSITE and RESRAD-BIOTA, developed by the US DOE, assess contaminated sites by deriving cleanup criteria and estimating the radiation dose [...] Read more.
Nkamouna-Kongo is a cobalt–nickel deposit located in Lomié, Eastern Cameroon. Mining creates radiation exposure pathways that must be considered in risk management scenarios. RESRAD-ONSITE and RESRAD-BIOTA, developed by the US DOE, assess contaminated sites by deriving cleanup criteria and estimating the radiation dose and risk associated with residual radioactive materials using site-specific parameters. This paper evaluated the radiation dose in biota and the health risk from exposure to naturally occurring radionuclides. The activity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K was determined by γ-spectrometry. The internal doses were 2.13 × 10−07, 1.42 × 10−06, and 8.38 × 10−05 Gy d−1 for animals and 2.38 × 10−07, 2.04 × 10−06, and 9.07 × 10−05 Gy d−1 for plants. The maximum total dose of 0.7234 mSv yr−1 was obtained at t = 1 year. The external dose contribution obtained at t = 1 year for all nuclides summed and all component pathways was 0.4 mSv yr−1, above the background radiation dose limit of 2.5 × 10−01 mSv yr−1. A maximum cancer risk of 1.36 × 10−03 was observed at t = 1 year. It was also shown in the RESRAD calculations that the total cancer morbidity risks from plant ingestion, radon (independent of water), and external gamma exposure pathways were greater than those from other exposure pathways. The high risk calculated for 226Ra relative to 232Th and 40K makes it the primary human health concern in the study area. The use of a 1 m cover thickness would remediate the contaminated site to a dose on the order of 10−5 mSv yr−1 for a period of 0 to 100 years. The values of these doses are below the US DOE recommended limits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiation in the Human Life—Environment and Medical Use)
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9 pages, 1951 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Quantitative Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Image Quality by the New Step-and-Shoot Scan Mode
by Hiroki Yamamoto, Ami Sasaki, Mizuki Osaka, Koji Shirakawa, Morio Seino, Takaaki Matsuhashi, Yasuyuki Takahashi, Tsutomu Zeniya, Shota Hosokawa, Masataka Narita and Masahiko Aoki
Radiation 2022, 2(2), 168-176; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/radiation2020012 - 06 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1908
Abstract
The step-and-shoot (SS) mode and continuous mode are currently used for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan mode, and a new scan mode that combines both modes, step-and-shoot plus continuous (SSC) mode, was developed. It is expected to allow a shorter scan time [...] Read more.
The step-and-shoot (SS) mode and continuous mode are currently used for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan mode, and a new scan mode that combines both modes, step-and-shoot plus continuous (SSC) mode, was developed. It is expected to allow a shorter scan time and lower injected dose because the SSC mode is more sensitive than the SS mode. We confirmed the image quality of this scan mode, including various quantitative correction methods for scatter (SC), attenuation (AC), and resolution recovery (RR) in a phantom study and clinical case study. Image quality was evaluated by the count, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and percent of the coefficient of variation (%CV). Independent of the correction methods, the count, CNR, and %CV of the SSC mode were superior to those of the SS mode. The ACSCRR was the best method, with a maximum increased rate of 66.4% in counts and 57.8% in CNR for the 13-mm sphere and 19.6% in CNR for other sphere sizes. The %CV for the SSC mode was the best for AC and ACRR, which was at 15.1%. With regards to attaining short bone SPECT scan time, the combination of the SSC mode and ACRR or ACSCRR demonstrated the best physical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiation in the Human Life—Environment and Medical Use)
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