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Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for Survey and 3D Reconstruction of Historical Built Landscapes

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensing Image Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 15325

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Cettina Santagati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratorio di Fotogrammetria Architettonica e Rilievo "Luigi Andreozzi, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
Interests: digital surveying; HBIM; city information modeling; AI for cultural heritage; 3D modeling
Dr. Ilaria Trizio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Italian National Research Council, via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ, Italy
Interests: archaeological survey; architectural survey; HBIM; 3DGIS; digital photogrammetry; 3D modeling; digital twins
Dr. Belen Riveiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CINTEX, GeoTech Lab, Campus Universitario de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: laser scanning; structural monitoring; resilience of infrastructure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The need to accurately document the historical and infrastructural built landscape that distinguishes our territories is more relevant than ever, especially when it is exposed to multi-hazard factors, both natural and anthropic, that could lead to the loss of this heritage.

The possibilities that derive from the application of ICT to the analysis of the built landscape range from integrated digital surveying to the creation of complex three-dimensional information systems, from remote sensing to the development of digital twins. All these tools, if properly integrated, offer the possibility to acquire, analyse and manage data with a view to monitoring the state of conservation of the artefacts and infrastructures, as well as planning any maintenance interventions and their correct fruition.

This Special Issue aims to investigate the most current trends, experiences and best practices related to the survey, documentation and 3D reconstruction of the built heritage and historical infrastructures, with particular attention to the future directions that such technologies offer.

Prof. Dr. Cettina Santagati
Dr. Ilaria Trizio
Dr. Belén Riveiro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Terrestrial and UAV photogrammetry for heritage survey
  • Remote Sensing for heritage survey
  • ICT for documentation and management of the historical built landscape
  • 3D modelling of the historical built landscapes
  • Digital twins
  • HBIM (historical building information modeling)/CIM (city information modeling)/LIM (landscape information modeling)
  • Structural evaluation of historical constructions
  • Data Interpretation for 3D reconstruction
  • AR/VR solutions for management and monitoring
  • AI for historical built landscapes documentation and monitoring

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 17684 KiB  
Article
Integrated Remote Sensing to Assess Disease Control: Evidence from Flat Island Quarantine Station, Mauritius
by Alessandra Cianciosi, Saša Čaval, Diego Calaon and Krish Seetah
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(8), 1891; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs14081891 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2880
Abstract
This article presents an integrated approach used in archaeology and heritage studies to examine health and disease management during the colonial period in the Indian Ocean. Long-distance labor migrations had dire health consequences to both immigrants and host populations. Focusing on the quarantine [...] Read more.
This article presents an integrated approach used in archaeology and heritage studies to examine health and disease management during the colonial period in the Indian Ocean. Long-distance labor migrations had dire health consequences to both immigrants and host populations. Focusing on the quarantine station on Flat Island, Mauritius, this study analyzes a historical social setting and natural environment that were radically altered due to the implementation of health management. Using aerial and satellite imagery, digital elevation models, RTK and total station raw data, 3D modeling, and GIS mapping, we reconstructed the spatial organization and the built landscape of this institution to assess the gap between the benefits claimed by European colonizers and the actual effects on immigrant health conditions through the promotion of public health practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for Survey and 3D Reconstruction of Historical Built Landscapes)
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25 pages, 16610 KiB  
Article
On the Use of Web Mapping Platforms to Support the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Old Urban Areas
by Cosimo Columbro, Rafael Ramírez Eudave, Tiago Miguel Ferreira, Paulo B. Lourenço and Giovanni Fabbrocino
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(6), 1424; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs14061424 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2146
Abstract
European countries are affected by various levels of seismic hazard, including many areas with medium to high seismicity. Heavy damage over large areas has been observed in past earthquakes in these countries, particularly in masonry buildings located in historical centers, confirming the need [...] Read more.
European countries are affected by various levels of seismic hazard, including many areas with medium to high seismicity. Heavy damage over large areas has been observed in past earthquakes in these countries, particularly in masonry buildings located in historical centers, confirming the need for enhancing the current knowledge on the seismic vulnerability of these constructions, so more informed technical and political decisions towards the mitigation of the risk can be taken. However, the characterization of building stocks for engineering purposes is still an open issue due to the enormous amount of resources that such a project would require. Nevertheless, the availability of virtual images and maps represents an outstanding opportunity for having remote approaches to urban environments. The role of on-site inspections can be complemented or even substituted by means of these remote approaches, provided it is complemented with suitable approaches. The use of these resources is not new, but the critical assessment of their capabilities and limitations deserves a critical discussion. The present paper aims at assessing the opportunities offered by web-based mapping platforms in the context of seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings in old urban areas. After evaluating the advantages and shortcomings of some of the most popular web-based mapping services, an explanatory application to a set of 39 buildings located in the historic center of the city of Leiria (Portugal) is presented and critically discussed, contrasting the results obtained by using on-site and remote inspections. Two different seismic vulnerability assessment approaches are applied and analyzed herein, confirming that web-based mapping platforms can represent an efficient and cost-effective complement to traditional field surveys when the large-scale seismic vulnerability of old urban areas is of interest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for Survey and 3D Reconstruction of Historical Built Landscapes)
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21 pages, 4126 KiB  
Article
A Cost-Effective Method for Reconstructing City-Building 3D Models from Sparse Lidar Point Clouds
by Marek Kulawiak
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(5), 1278; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs14051278 - 05 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2572
Abstract
The recent popularization of airborne lidar scanners has provided a steady source of point cloud datasets containing the altitudes of bare earth surface and vegetation features as well as man-made structures. In contrast to terrestrial lidar, which produces dense point clouds of small [...] Read more.
The recent popularization of airborne lidar scanners has provided a steady source of point cloud datasets containing the altitudes of bare earth surface and vegetation features as well as man-made structures. In contrast to terrestrial lidar, which produces dense point clouds of small areas, airborne laser sensors usually deliver sparse datasets that cover large municipalities. The latter are very useful in constructing digital representations of cities; however, reconstructing 3D building shapes from a sparse point cloud is a time-consuming process because automatic shape reconstruction methods work best with dense point clouds and usually cannot be applied for this purpose. Moreover, existing methods dedicated to reconstructing simplified 3D buildings from sparse point clouds are optimized for detecting simple building shapes, and they exhibit problems when dealing with more complex structures such as towers, spires, and large ornamental features, which are commonly found e.g., in buildings from the renaissance era. In the above context, this paper proposes a novel method of reconstructing 3D building shapes from sparse point clouds. The proposed algorithm has been optimized to work with incomplete point cloud data in order to provide a cost-effective way of generating representative 3D city models. The algorithm has been tested on lidar point clouds representing buildings in the city of Gdansk, Poland. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for Survey and 3D Reconstruction of Historical Built Landscapes)
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21 pages, 17528 KiB  
Article
As-Textured As-Built BIM Using Sensor Fusion, Zee Ain Historical Village as a Case Study
by Yahya Alshawabkeh, Ahmad Baik and Ahmad Fallatah
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(24), 5135; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs13245135 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3245
Abstract
The work described in the paper emphasizes the importance of integrating imagery and laser scanner techniques (TLS) to optimize the geometry and visual quality of Heritage BIM. The fusion-based workflow was approached during the recording of Zee Ain Historical Village in Saudi Arabia. [...] Read more.
The work described in the paper emphasizes the importance of integrating imagery and laser scanner techniques (TLS) to optimize the geometry and visual quality of Heritage BIM. The fusion-based workflow was approached during the recording of Zee Ain Historical Village in Saudi Arabia. The village is a unique example of traditional human settlements, and represents a complex natural and cultural heritage site. The proposed workflow divides data integration into two levels. At the basic level, UAV photogrammetry with enhanced mobility and visibility is used to map the ragged terrain and supplement TLS point data in upper and unaccusable building zones where shadow data originated. The merging of point clouds ensures that the building’s overall geometry is correctly rebuilt and that data interpretation is improved during HBIM digitization. In addition to the correct geometry, texture mapping is particularly important in the area of cultural heritage. Constructing a realistic texture remains a challenge in HBIM; because the standard texture and materials provided in BIM libraries do not allow for reliable representation of heritage structures, mapping and sharing information are not always truthful. Thereby, at the second level, the workflow proposed true orthophoto texturing method for HBIM models by combining close-range imagery and laser data. True orthophotos have uniform scale that depicts all objects in their respective planimetric positions, providing reliable and realistic mapping. The process begins with the development of a Digital Surface Model (DSM) by sampling TLS 3D points in a regular grid, with each cell uniquely associated with a model point. Then each DSM cell is projected in the corresponding perspective imagery in order to map the relevant spectral information. The methods allow for flexible data fusion and image capture using either a TLS-installed camera or a separate camera at the optimal time and viewpoint for radiometric data. The developed workflows demonstrated adequate results in terms of complete and realistic textured HBIM, allowing for a better understanding of the complex heritage structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for Survey and 3D Reconstruction of Historical Built Landscapes)
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20 pages, 40625 KiB  
Article
Central Courtyard Feature Extraction in Remote Sensing Aerial Images Using Deep Learning: A Case-Study of Iran
by Hadi Yazdi, Ilija Vukorep, Marzena Banach, Sajad Moazen, Adam Nadolny, Rolf Starke and Hassan Bazazzadeh
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(23), 4843; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/rs13234843 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2887
Abstract
Central courtyards are primary components of vernacular architecture in Iran. The directions, dimensions, ratios, and other characteristics of central courtyards are critical for studying historical passive cooling and heating solutions. Several studies on central courtyards have compared their features in different cities and [...] Read more.
Central courtyards are primary components of vernacular architecture in Iran. The directions, dimensions, ratios, and other characteristics of central courtyards are critical for studying historical passive cooling and heating solutions. Several studies on central courtyards have compared their features in different cities and climatic zones in Iran. In this study, deep learning methods for object detection and image segmentation are applied to aerial images, to extract the features of central courtyards. The case study explores aerial images of nine historical cities in Bsk, Bsh, Bwk, and Bwh Köppen climate zones. Furthermore, these features were gathered in an extensive dataset, with 26,437 samples and 76 geometric and climatic features. Additionally, the data analysis methods reveal significant correlations between various features, such as the length and width of courtyards. In all cities, the correlation coefficient between these two characteristics is approximately +0.88. Numerous mathematical equations are generated for each city and climate zone by fitting the linear regression model to these data in different cities and climate zones. These equations can be used as proposed design models to assist designers and researchers in predicting and locating the best courtyard houses in Iran’s historical regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for Survey and 3D Reconstruction of Historical Built Landscapes)
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