Case Reports in Oncology

A special issue of Reports (ISSN 2571-841X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 44014

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School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, 121 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
Interests: medical chemistry; drug development; formulations; chemical analysis; bioactivity; natural products; chirality; nanotechnology; material sciences
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Abnormal proliferation of cells in the body, leading to the development of either benign or malignant cancer, can happen in any type of cell. Thus, many types of cancers require unique differential diagnosis and custom treatment options. Despite momentous advances in biological and chemical sciences, early diagnosis and safe and complete eradication of cancer from the human body is still a major challenge. According to the World Health Organization [1], “Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer.”

In this Spcial Issue, we describe unusual clinical cases of cancer pathologies, challenging diagnosis and treatment. Utilization of new compounds (synthetic and isolated), showing promising anticancer activities and/or superior diagnosis, are also welcome.

1. World Health Organization. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer (accessed on 24 July 2019).

Prof. Dr. Syed A. A. Rizvi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • unusual presentation
  • challenging differential diagnoses
  • new cancer treatments
  • in vitro models
  • in vivo models

Published Papers (14 papers)

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12 pages, 1196 KiB  
Article
Usefulness of Circulating CYFRA21-1 in Patients as a Biomarker in Patients Taking Sorafenib or Lenvatinib for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Hitomi Takada, Leona Osawa, Yasuyuki Komiyama, Ryoh Kato, Natsuko Nakakuki, Masaru Muraoka, Yuichiro Suzuki, Akihisa Tatsumi, Mitsuaki Sato, Ei Takahashi, Shinichi Takano, Mitsuharu Fukasawa, Tatsuya Yamaguchi, Taisuke Inoue, Shinya Maekawa and Nobuyuki Enomoto
Reports 2021, 4(3), 25; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports4030025 - 20 Aug 2021
Viewed by 2235
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the impact of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) level on the clinical outcomes of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib (SOR) or lenvatinib (LEN). Methods: A total of 71 cases with unresectable HCC taking SOR or [...] Read more.
Background: This study investigated the impact of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) level on the clinical outcomes of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib (SOR) or lenvatinib (LEN). Methods: A total of 71 cases with unresectable HCC taking SOR or LEN were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors in patients taking SOR or LEN. Results: Among the 71 patients taking SOR or LEN, the frequency of cases showing high CYFRA21-1 levels after administration increased compared to before the administration. There was no association between the CYFRA21-1 level and the result of treatment response using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) 12 weeks after the administration. Univariate analysis identified a maximum intrahepatic tumor diameter of 70 mm or more, extrahepatic metastasis, baseline alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 2000 ng/mL, baseline AFP-L3 index ≥ 15%, baseline des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) ≥ 1000 mAU/mL, baseline CYFRA21-1 > 3.5 ng/mL, 12-week mRECIST progressive disease (PD), 12-week DCP ratio ≥ 4, 12-week CYFRA21-1 ratio ≥ 2, administration period less than 12 weeks, ALBI grade 3 at PD, and no additional treatment after discontinuation of SOR/LEN as prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that AFP-L3 index ≥ 15%, 12-week mRECIST PD, 12-week DCP ratio ≥ 4, 12-week CYFRA21-1 ratio ≥ 2, administration period less than 12 weeks, and no additional treatment after discontinuation of SOR/LEN were independent factors. Conclusions: Patients with a high CYFRA21-1 level at baseline tend to have poor prognosis, and patients with a high CYFRA21-1 ratio 12 weeks after administration have poor prognosis. Serum CYFRA21-1 measurement may have additional effects on prognostic prediction, and it may be necessary to pay close attention to the transition to the next HCC treatment in cases whose CYFRA21-1 level is high. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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20 pages, 4809 KiB  
Article
Regulation of TREM1-Mediated Inflammation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
by Vikrant Rai and Devendra K. Agrawal
Reports 2021, 4(2), 17; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports4020017 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2590
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for more than 90% of cases of primary liver cancer, is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic inflammation precedes the development of cirrhosis and HCC. TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell)-1 is an inflammatory [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for more than 90% of cases of primary liver cancer, is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic inflammation precedes the development of cirrhosis and HCC. TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell)-1 is an inflammatory marker and amplifier of inflammation that signals through PI3K and ERK1/2 to activate transcription factors, resulting in increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, causing chronic inflammation and predisposing the liver to carcinogenesis. Thus, targeting TREM-1 in HCC might be a potential therapeutic target. A low level of vitamin D has been associated with chronic inflammation and poor prognosis in HCC. Thus, we evaluated the effect of vitamin D on TREM-1 expression in the HCC cell line. Additionally, the effects of high mobility group box-1, lipopolysaccharide, and transcription factor PU.1 on the expression of TREM-1 in normal liver cells and HCC cells have been investigated in the presence and absence of vitamin D. The results showed increased expression of TREM-1 in HCC cells and with IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and rHMGB-1 and decreased expression with calcitriol. Calcitriol also attenuated the effect of IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and rHMGB-1 on TREM-1. Calcitriol treatment attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. These results (in vitro) provide molecular and biochemical evidence that calcitriol significantly attenuates the expression of mediators of inflammation, and thus might be used therapeutically together with conventional treatment to delay the progression of HCC. Additionally, the negative regulation of TREM-1 by PU.1 suggests PU.1 as a potential therapeutic target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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4 pages, 800 KiB  
Case Report
Rapidly Growing Aneurysm with Ulcer-like Projection Complicated with Bacteroides ovatus Bacteremia
by Masayoshi Kusunoki, Ryuichi Ohta, Jumpei Sawa and Chiaki Sano
Reports 2021, 4(3), 28; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports4030028 - 03 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2499
Abstract
The incidence of anaerobic bacteremia has been increasing over the past several decades. Further, antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides is a pertinent issue. A 76-year-old man was brought to our hospital with complaints of fever, chills, and abdominal pain. Empiric antibiotics induced minimal relief. [...] Read more.
The incidence of anaerobic bacteremia has been increasing over the past several decades. Further, antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides is a pertinent issue. A 76-year-old man was brought to our hospital with complaints of fever, chills, and abdominal pain. Empiric antibiotics induced minimal relief. The blood culture was positive for multi-drug resistant Bacteroides ovatus. Our patient developed a periaortic abscess in the abdominal aorta and a thoracic aortic aneurysm with ulcer-like projection (ULP), which rapidly increased in size. He was transferred to the tertiary medical institution for surgical drainage. This case suggests that bacteremia can exacerbate aneurysms with ulcerative lesions. Anaerobic bacteremia is a possible differential diagnosis when periaortic abscess formation is present. Early surgical consultation and appropriate antibiotic selection are crucial in anaerobic bacteremia treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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10 pages, 2695 KiB  
Case Report
Clinical Discernment, Bone Marrow, and Molecular Diagnostics Are Equally Important to Solve the Phenotypic Mimicry among Subtypes of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
by Susann Schulze, Nadia Jaekel, Christin Le Hoa Naumann, Anja Haak, Marcus Bauer, Claudia Wickenhauser and Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali
Reports 2021, 4(3), 27; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports4030027 - 27 Aug 2021
Viewed by 2186
Abstract
The 2016 WHO classification integrates clinical, bone marrow (BM)-morphology, and molecular features to define disease entities. This together with the advancements in molecular detection and standardization of BM features enable an accurate diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) in the majority of patients. Diagnostic [...] Read more.
The 2016 WHO classification integrates clinical, bone marrow (BM)-morphology, and molecular features to define disease entities. This together with the advancements in molecular detection and standardization of BM features enable an accurate diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) in the majority of patients. Diagnostic challenges remain due to phenotypic mimicry of MPN, failing specificity of BM-morphology, and the fact that phenotype-driver mutations, such as JAK2V617F, are not exclusive to a particular MPN, and their absence does not preclude any of these. We present a series of cases to illustrate themes to be considered in complex cases of MPN, such as triple-negative (TN)-MPN or MPN-unclassifiable (MPN-U). Eleven patients labelled as TN-MPN or MPN-U were included. Serum tryptase and NGS were part of a systematic/sequential multidisciplinary evaluation. Results were clustered into four categories based on diagnostic entities and/or how these diagnoses were made: (A) With expanding molecular techniques, BCR-ABL1 and karyotyping should not be missed; (B) systemic mastocytosis is underdiagnosed and often missed; (C) benign non-clonal disorders could mimic MPN; and (D) NGS could prove clonality in some “TN”-MPN cases. The prognostic/therapeutic consequences of an accurate diagnosis are immense. In TN-MPN or MPN-U cases, a multidisciplinary re-evaluation integrating molecular results, BM-morphology, and clinical judgment is crucial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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6 pages, 5796 KiB  
Case Report
Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma in the Lateral Tongue: The Case Report
by Sawako Ono, Hidenori Marunaka, Hiroyuki Yanai, Hotaka Kawai, Kiyofumi Takabatake, Kenji Nishida, Tomohiro Toji, Keisuke Nakano, Hitoshi Nagatsuka and Tadashi Yoshino
Reports 2021, 4(3), 24; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports4030024 - 12 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3240
Abstract
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the tongue is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, it is an undifferentiated carcinoma with rich lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration. The most common location for LEC in the head and neck is the salivary glands, and [...] Read more.
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the tongue is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, it is an undifferentiated carcinoma with rich lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration. The most common location for LEC in the head and neck is the salivary glands, and LEC of the oral cavity is extremely rare. The second case report of LEC in the lateral tongue is presented. In addition, a review of the literature was performed, and the relationship between LEC and Epstein–Barr virus infection was considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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5 pages, 190 KiB  
Case Report
Urinary Bladder Metastasis from Gastric Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
by Nikolaos Mitsimponas and Georgios Zervopoulos
Reports 2021, 4(2), 14; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports4020014 - 18 May 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2749
Abstract
Bladder metastasis from gastric cancer is a unique clinical entity, which can be revealed infrequently in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Secondary neoplasms to the bladder are also a less frequent clinical entity representing only 15% of all bladder neoplasms. Gastric cancers consist [...] Read more.
Bladder metastasis from gastric cancer is a unique clinical entity, which can be revealed infrequently in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Secondary neoplasms to the bladder are also a less frequent clinical entity representing only 15% of all bladder neoplasms. Gastric cancers consist of an exceptionally small percentage of all secondary bladder neoplasms. Until now only 27 cases were recorded in the international medical literature. The current work analyzes a 65-year old male patient who presented initially with a locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. He was treated with a combination of total gastrectomy and perioperative chemotherapy. Eight months later presented a relapse with bladder metastasis, liver metastasis and peritoneal involvement. Furthermore, in this manuscript, we conducted a review of the recorded cases with bladder metastasis from gastric cancer. In the most of cases the diagnosis of bladder metastasis was metachronous with an average time of presentation in four years after the primary diagnosis of gastric cancer and most of the patients of our review presented with urinary symptoms at the time of diagnosis of bladder metastasis. Concerning the management of the metastatic disease surgical management with total or partial cystectomy was performed in 11% of patients and TUR was performed in 22% of patients. Palliative chemotherapy for the management of metastatic disease was initiated in 46% of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
4 pages, 1203 KiB  
Interesting Images
“Black Ovaries”: An Uncommon Case of First Systemic Recurrence of Melanoma
by Gerardo Cazzato, Anna Colagrande, Francesca Arezzo, Leonardo Resta and Giuseppe Ingravallo
Reports 2021, 4(2), 13; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports4020013 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2609
Abstract
Here we describe a rare case of a 48-year-old woman with a previous history of malignant melanoma (pT2a pathological stage, IB clinical stage) occurring about five years previously. She complained of abdominal pain and pelvic discomfort, diagnosed as a consequence of a bilateral [...] Read more.
Here we describe a rare case of a 48-year-old woman with a previous history of malignant melanoma (pT2a pathological stage, IB clinical stage) occurring about five years previously. She complained of abdominal pain and pelvic discomfort, diagnosed as a consequence of a bilateral ovarian solid masses completely occupying the recto-uterine space. She underwent laparotomy surgery with total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Gross examination of the excised material revealed an unusual grey-black bilateral ovarian tumor; a histopathological diagnosis of ovarian bilateral metastatic melanoma was made. Imaging study (CT/MRI) did not reveal metastasis in other zones of the body. Melanoma metastasis usually affects the skin, liver, brain and lungs, and rarely gynecological localizations. On the other hand, most bilateral ovarian tumors are comprised of serous carcinoma, mature teratoma and gastrointestinal carcinoma metastasis. Exceptionally, primary ovarian melanoma may arise in mature ovarian cystic teratomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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3 pages, 300 KiB  
Case Report
Transformation or Progression from Adenocarcinoma to Small Cell Lung Cancer Detected by Serially Tracking Mutations in the Blood
by Arutha Kulasinghe, James Monkman, Mark Nalder, Connor O’Leary, Rahul Ladwa and Ken O’Byrne
Reports 2020, 3(4), 33; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports3040033 - 04 Nov 2020
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Abstract
Background: Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for monitoring non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This has enabled the monitoring of clinically actionable mutations over the course of therapy. Case presentation: We present the case of a 74-year-old female who [...] Read more.
Background: Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for monitoring non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This has enabled the monitoring of clinically actionable mutations over the course of therapy. Case presentation: We present the case of a 74-year-old female who was treated with EGFR inhibitors for NSCLC which later transformed to SCLC. The kinetics of ctDNA was monitored by measuring the EGFR Exon 19 mutant L747–A750 > P and PIK3CA E545K over the course of therapy. Stabilisation of the PIK3CA mutation was found in response to therapy, however there appeared to be increasing levels of the EGFR mutant, potentially reflective of untreated EGFR-driven disease. Conclusion: The key finding described here, revealed by mutational tracking of mutations from the blood, is that clinically actionable mutations are assessable and may demonstrate clinical utility in measuring disease burden, multiple clones and progression non-invasively for lung cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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6 pages, 1538 KiB  
Case Report
Concurrent Hip Pain and Skull Lump as the First Manifestations of a Silent Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
by Kunta Setiaji, Widya Surya Avanti, Hanggoro Tri Rinonce and Sumadi Lukman Anwar
Reports 2020, 3(4), 27; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports3040027 - 23 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5594
Abstract
Follicular thyroid carcinoma is a slowly growing cancer with a generally good long-term prognosis. Distant metastasis from follicular thyroid cancer usually occurs in the lung and bones following a long period after diagnosis and treatment for primary cancer. Occult skull metastasis as the [...] Read more.
Follicular thyroid carcinoma is a slowly growing cancer with a generally good long-term prognosis. Distant metastasis from follicular thyroid cancer usually occurs in the lung and bones following a long period after diagnosis and treatment for primary cancer. Occult skull metastasis as the first presentation at diagnosis from follicular thyroid cancer is relatively rare. A 51-year-old woman presented with intermittent pain in her right hip that was treated due to the intensely progressed pain, motor weakness, and difficulty walking. The patient was then referred due to swelling in the forehead. Further evaluation revealed that the frontal swelling and the pathological femoral fractures were manifestations of distant metastases from follicular thyroid cancer. In the presence of swelling in the skull, the metastatic lesion should be considered as a differential diagnosis from a silent primary cancer. This report will be beneficial for general practitioners, surgeons, and internists to recognize unusual distant metastatic manifestations from silent differentiated thyroid cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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4 pages, 1367 KiB  
Case Report
A Case of 10-Year Survival after Adrenalectomy for Isolated Adrenal Metastasis of Breast Cancer
by Tsuyoshi Nakagawa, Goshi Oda, Akihiro Yano, Hiroshi Kawachi and Hiroyuki Uetake
Reports 2020, 3(3), 22; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports3030022 - 05 Aug 2020
Viewed by 2691
Abstract
Isolated adrenal metastasis of breast cancer is very rare, so adrenalectomy for breast cancer metastasis is rarely performed. The case of a breast cancer patient with five-year survival after resection of a left isolated adrenal metastasis is presented. A 70-year-old woman underwent left [...] Read more.
Isolated adrenal metastasis of breast cancer is very rare, so adrenalectomy for breast cancer metastasis is rarely performed. The case of a breast cancer patient with five-year survival after resection of a left isolated adrenal metastasis is presented. A 70-year-old woman underwent left modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma (T2N1M0) 9 years earlier. At regular follow-up, a left adrenal mass, 4 cm in diameter, was seen on ultrasound examination and computed tomography (CT). Endoscopic adrenalectomy was performed. Pathological examination confirmed isolated adrenal metastasis of breast cancer. After surgery, hormone therapy was given for 5 years. Ten years after adrenalectomy, no metastatic lesions in other organs have been found on CT. Adrenalectomy for a metastatic adrenal tumor of breast cancer may provide survival benefits when combined with systemic hormone therapy and chemotherapy, particularly in patients with disease confined to the adrenal glands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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5 pages, 2578 KiB  
Case Report
Metastatic Lobular Breast Cancer Mimicking Colitis
by Renata Reis Figueiredo, Tatiana Strava Correa, Carlos Henrique dos Anjos and Heinrich Bender Kohnert Seidler
Reports 2020, 3(3), 20; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports3030020 - 29 Jun 2020
Viewed by 2596
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women in the world regardless of race or ethnicity. About 10% of invasive breast carcinomas are lobular subtype. The loss of the E-caderin expression that occurs in lobular carcinoma leads to a higher risk [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women in the world regardless of race or ethnicity. About 10% of invasive breast carcinomas are lobular subtype. The loss of the E-caderin expression that occurs in lobular carcinoma leads to a higher risk of metastases in membranes (meningeal, pleural, peritoneum) and gastrointestinal and/or endobronchial mucous, which may lead to several odd symptomatology. We report a 79 years old female patient with lobular breast cancer associated to CDH1 germline mutation. She was diagnosed with breast cancer in December 2016 after noticing a right-armpit nodule whose pathological examination demonstrated an immunohistochemistry profile compatible with lobular breast carcinoma metastasis and had estrogen receptors 98%, progesterone receptors < 1%, ki67 25%, negative her2 score. Family history of only one paternal uncle with stomach cancer. After two lines of hormone therapy, she had disease progression and started oral chemotherapy with capecitabine. In a few weeks, the patient had refractory diarrhea. At the beginning, it was defined like colitis chemotherapy related. However, the clinical features showed necessity of further investigation. Then, she was diagnosed with CDH1 germline mutation after massive progression at gastrointestinal mucous. This case made possible to inform the family about risk of germline mutation and necessity of genetic counseling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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11 pages, 12860 KiB  
Case Report
Secretory Carcinoma of Salivary Gland with High-Grade Histology Arising in Hard Palate: A Case Report
by Kiyofumi Takabatake, Keisuke Nakano, Hotaka Kawai, Saori Yoshida, Haruka Omori, May Wathone Oo, Shan Qiusheng, Kenichiro Uchida, Katsuaki Mishima and Hitoshi Nagatsuka
Reports 2020, 3(2), 6; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports3020006 - 25 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3690
Abstract
Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a recently described salivary gland tumor reported in the fourth edition of World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors. SC is characterized by strong S-100 protein, mammaglobin, and vimentin immunoexpression, and harbors a t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation which leads [...] Read more.
Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a recently described salivary gland tumor reported in the fourth edition of World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors. SC is characterized by strong S-100 protein, mammaglobin, and vimentin immunoexpression, and harbors a t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation which leads to ETV6-NTRK3 fusion product. Histologically, SC displays a lobulated growth pattern and is often composed of microcystic, tubular, and solid structures with abundant eosinophilic homogenous or bubbly secretion. SC is generally recognized as low-grade malignancy with low-grade histopathologic features, and metastasis is relatively uncommon. In this case, we described a SC of hard palate that underwent high grade transformation and metastasis to the cervical lymph node in a 54-year-old patient. In addition, this case showed different histological findings between primary lesion and metastasis lesion. Therefore, the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of ETV6 translocation. Here, we report a case that occurred SC with high-grade transformation in the palate, and a review of the relevant literature is also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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6 pages, 3804 KiB  
Case Report
Effective Lenvatinib Treatment Complicated with Secondary Tracheocutaneous Fistula in Patients with Advanced Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
by Wen-Chi Wu, Jiun-I Lai, Jui-Yu Chen and Chun-Yu Liu
Reports 2019, 2(3), 22; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports2030022 - 05 Sep 2019
Viewed by 3099
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a fatal disease with a poor prognosis. Lenvatinib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which is approved in Japan for the treatment of ATC. Data of treatment response and adverse effects of lenvatinib in ATC patients [...] Read more.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a fatal disease with a poor prognosis. Lenvatinib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which is approved in Japan for the treatment of ATC. Data of treatment response and adverse effects of lenvatinib in ATC patients is still relatively scarce, especially in non-Japanese patient populations. Here we report dramatic treatment effects of lenvatinib in two patients with stage IVc ATC, who later developed significant morbidities including tracheal perforation and fistula formation. Our cases demonstrate the efficacy and provide cautionary information for treatment of ATC. In treating advanced ATC patients with lenvatinib, close monitoring is highly recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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4 pages, 1229 KiB  
Case Report
Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Mandible: A Case of Spontaneous Acceleration of the Growth
by Mansoor Choudhry, Muhammad Danial, James Bolduc, Syed A. A. Rizvi, Pedro Rabionet and John Westine
Reports 2019, 2(3), 21; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/reports2030021 - 02 Sep 2019
Viewed by 2840
Abstract
A 78 year old Caucasian woman, was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of a mass to the anterior surface of the left mandibular angle and left submandibular area present for the past year with rapid acceleration of growth over three weeks prior [...] Read more.
A 78 year old Caucasian woman, was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of a mass to the anterior surface of the left mandibular angle and left submandibular area present for the past year with rapid acceleration of growth over three weeks prior to admission. An incisional biopsy was performed and initial diagnosis of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (small cell carcinoma) was made. Dermatological evaluation revealed lesion was suspicious for Merkel cell carcinoma and the pathology specimen was re-analyzed and differential diagnoses was made for Merkel cell carcinoma. Patient was educated and discharged to a nursing home with plan for irradiation, chemotherapy, and outpatient follow up. This case study serves to raise awareness of a rare condition and describe how Merkel cell carcinoma may be mistaken for similarly presenting neuroendocrine tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oncology)
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