Dear Colleagues,

Children are particularly vulnerable subjects from a medical point of view. During embryonic and fetal development, a series of malformations and damages can occur that affect the brain in particular, or the entire organism in general. Birth can occur prematurely, with the consequent risk of the appearance of a periventricular leukomalacia, or births that produce a hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may occur. After childbirth, there may be infections that cause widespread sepsis. During childhood, there can be all kinds of infections, particularly gastroenteritis, lung diseases, meningitis, and kidney affections, that can put the patient´s life at risk. Resistance to antibiotics, the absence of vaccinations, vitamin deficiencies or inappropriate nutrition, allergies and asthma, brain trauma, and drowning, are common causes of disease and death. Genetic alterations that sometimes take time to manifest, are also increasingly present in the day to day medical field. Mitochondropathies are also a frequent cause of disease, which are, until now, incurable. From childhood, obesity, the early development of arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular affectation have increasing incidence in the global population. These are just some examples that represent a challenge for medicine and education in general. Therefore, the need for better knowledge of childhood pathologies and the development of new therapeutic actions is growing.

For these reasons, researchers are invited to submit their original case reports for this Special Issue of Reports, entitled "Case Reports in Pediatrics", which will cover a selection of topics related to children’s pathologies and therapeutic possibilities.

Prof. Dr. Jesús Devesa
Guest Editor

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