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2D Materials-Based Electronic and Optoelectronic Biochemical Sensing Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 18014

Special Issue Editors

Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
Interests: 2D materials; sensors; optoelectronics; photonics
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Electronic Science and Technology and College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Interests: 2D materials; optoelectronics; photonics; biosensors

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The richness of the electronic and optical properties of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials have encouraged the development of many electronic and optical sensors, especially for biochemical sensing applications. 2D materials are one atomic-thin layered structure with exceptional biochemical sensing properties due to high surface-to-volume ratio, excellent biocompatibility, surface charge, outstanding fluorescence-quenching ability, supreme electrical and thermal conductivity, broadband light absorption, ultrafast carrier mobility, strong mechanical strength, high packing density, and flexibility. The most striking features of electronic and optical sensors based on 2D materials are lowering the limit of detection, ultrafast response time, and increasing the specificity of label-free biochemical sensing.

In this special issue, we focus on the state-of-the-art biochemical applications of 2D materials based electronic and optical sensors. Topics in general include, but are not limited, to:

  • Biochemical sensing properties of 2D materials
  • Fabrications of 2D materials based electronic and optical sensors (stretchable, wearable and flexible)
  • 2D materials-based Biosensors (Single molecule detection, DNA sensing, RNA sensing, Cell detection, Protein sensing, Enzymes sensing, Pathogens detection, Virus detection, etc)
  • 2D materials-based Chemical sensors (Gas sensing, Humidity sensing, Glucose sensing, pH sensing, ions sensing, etc)
  • Healthcare applications (Cancer diagnosis, Neuroscience, Cardiac repair, Ophthalmology, etc

Dr. Shivananju Bannur Nanjunda
Prof. Han Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • 2D Materials
  • Sensors
  • Electronics
  • Optoelectronics
  • Photonics
  • Biosensors
  • Chemical sensors
  • Healthcare

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2355 KiB  
Article
Research on Enhanced Detection of Benzoic Acid Additives in Liquid Food Based on Terahertz Metamaterial Devices
by Jun Hu, Rui Chen, Zhen Xu, Maopeng Li, Yungui Ma, Yong He and Yande Liu
Sensors 2021, 21(9), 3238; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21093238 - 07 May 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2385
Abstract
It is very important for human health to supervise the use of food additives, because excessive use of food additives will cause harm to the human body, especially lead to organ failures and even cancers. Therefore, it is important to realize high-sensibility detection [...] Read more.
It is very important for human health to supervise the use of food additives, because excessive use of food additives will cause harm to the human body, especially lead to organ failures and even cancers. Therefore, it is important to realize high-sensibility detection of benzoic acid, a widely used food additive. Based on the theory of electromagnetism, this research attempts to design a terahertz-enhanced metamaterial resonator, using a metamaterial resonator to achieve enhanced detection of benzoic acid additives by using terahertz technology. The absorption peak of the metamaterial resonator is designed to be 1.95 THz, and the effectiveness of the metamaterial resonator is verified. Firstly, the original THz spectra of benzoic acid aqueous solution samples based on metamaterial are collected. Secondly, smoothing, multivariate scattering correction (MSC), and smoothing combined with first derivative (SG + 1 D) methods are used to preprocess the spectra to study the better spectral pretreatment methods. Then, Uninformative Variable Elimination (UVE) and Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) are used to explore the optimal terahertz band selection method. Finally, Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) models are established, respectively, to realize the enhanced detection of benzoic acid additives. The LS-SVM model combined with CARS has the best effect, with the correlation coefficient of prediction set (Rp) is 0.9953, the root mean square error of prediction set (RMSEP) is 7.3 × 10−6, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 2.3610 × 10−5 g/mL. The research results lay a foundation for THz spectral analysis of benzoic acid additives, so that THz technology-based detection of benzoic acid additives in food can reach requirements stipulated in the national standard. This research is of great significance for promoting the detection and analysis of trace additives in food, whose results can also serve as a reference to the detection of antibiotic residues, banned additives, and other trace substances. Full article
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11 pages, 3339 KiB  
Communication
High Sensitivity Plasmonic Sensor Based on Fano Resonance with Inverted U-Shaped Resonator
by Gongli Xiao, Yanping Xu, Hongyan Yang, Zetao Ou, Jianyun Chen, Haiou Li, Xingpeng Liu, Lizhen Zeng and Jianqing Li
Sensors 2021, 21(4), 1164; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21041164 - 07 Feb 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
Herein, we propose a tunable plasmonic sensor with Fano resonators in an inverted U-shaped resonator. By manipulating the sharp asymmetric Fano resonance peaks, a high-sensitivity refractive index sensor can be realized. Using the multimode interference coupled-mode theory and the finite element method, we [...] Read more.
Herein, we propose a tunable plasmonic sensor with Fano resonators in an inverted U-shaped resonator. By manipulating the sharp asymmetric Fano resonance peaks, a high-sensitivity refractive index sensor can be realized. Using the multimode interference coupled-mode theory and the finite element method, we numerically simulate the influences of geometrical parameters on the plasmonic sensor. Optimizing the structure parameters, we can achieve a high plasmonic sensor with the maximum sensitivity for 840 nm/RIUand figure of merit for 3.9 × 105. The research results provide a reliable theoretical basis for designing high sensitivity to the next generation plasmonic nanosensor. Full article
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14 pages, 4375 KiB  
Communication
Highly Sensitive Graphene-Au Coated Plasmon Resonance PCF Sensor
by Hongyan Yang, Mengyin Liu, Yupeng Chen, Ling Guo, Gongli Xiao, Houquan Liu, Jianqing Li and Libo Yuan
Sensors 2021, 21(3), 818; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21030818 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3379
Abstract
This paper presents a graphene-Au coated photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor in the visible regime. Designing a side-polish D-shaped plane over the PCF’s defect of the periodic air holes can effectively enhance the evanescent field. Graphene on gold can enhance the sensor’s sensitivity [...] Read more.
This paper presents a graphene-Au coated photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor in the visible regime. Designing a side-polish D-shaped plane over the PCF’s defect of the periodic air holes can effectively enhance the evanescent field. Graphene on gold can enhance the sensor’s sensitivity because it can stably adsorb biomolecules and increase the propagation constant of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP). Using the finite element method (FEM), we demonstrated that the sensing performance is greatly improved by optimizing the PCF’s geometric structural parameter. The proposed PCF sensor exhibited high performance with a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 4200 nm/RIU, maximum amplitude sensitivity of 450 RIU−1, and refractive index resolution of 2.3 × 10−5 RIU in the sensing range 1.32–1.41. This research provides a potential application for the design a new generation of highly sensitive biosensors. Full article
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12 pages, 1485 KiB  
Article
Responses of the Pheromone-Binding Protein of the Silk Moth Bombyx mori on a Graphene Biosensor Match Binding Constants in Solution
by Caroline Bonazza, Jiao Zhu, Roger Hasler, Rosa Mastrogiacomo, Paolo Pelosi and Wolfgang Knoll
Sensors 2021, 21(2), 499; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21020499 - 12 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2736
Abstract
An electronic biosensor for odors was assembled by immobilizing the silk moth Bombyx mori pheromone binding protein (BmorPBP1) on a reduced graphene oxide surface of a field-effect transistor. At physiological pH, the sensor detects the B. mori pheromones, bombykol and bombykal, with good [...] Read more.
An electronic biosensor for odors was assembled by immobilizing the silk moth Bombyx mori pheromone binding protein (BmorPBP1) on a reduced graphene oxide surface of a field-effect transistor. At physiological pH, the sensor detects the B. mori pheromones, bombykol and bombykal, with good affinity and specificity. Among the other odorants tested, only eugenol elicited a strong signal, while terpenoids and other odorants (linalool, geraniol, isoamyl acetate, and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine) produced only very weak responses. Parallel binding assays were performed with the same protein and the same ligands, using the common fluorescence approach adopted for similar proteins. The results are in good agreement with the sensor’s responses: bombykol and bombykal, together with eugenol, proved to be strong ligands, while the other compounds showed only poor affinity. When tested at pH 4, the protein failed to bind bombykol both in solution and when immobilized on the sensor. This result further indicates that the BmorPBP1 retains its full activity when immobilized on a surface, including the conformational change observed in acidic conditions. The good agreement between fluorescence assays and sensor responses suggests that ligand-binding assays in solution can be used to screen mutants of a binding protein when selecting the best form to be immobilized on a biosensor. Full article
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Review

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23 pages, 16602 KiB  
Review
From Microorganism-Based Amperometric Biosensors towards Microbial Fuel Cells
by Eivydas Andriukonis, Raimonda Celiesiute-Germaniene, Simonas Ramanavicius, Roman Viter and Arunas Ramanavicius
Sensors 2021, 21(7), 2442; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21072442 - 01 Apr 2021
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 3760
Abstract
This review focuses on the overview of microbial amperometric biosensors and microbial biofuel cells (MFC) and shows how very similar principles are applied for the design of both types of these bioelectronics-based devices. Most microorganism-based amperometric biosensors show poor specificity, but this drawback [...] Read more.
This review focuses on the overview of microbial amperometric biosensors and microbial biofuel cells (MFC) and shows how very similar principles are applied for the design of both types of these bioelectronics-based devices. Most microorganism-based amperometric biosensors show poor specificity, but this drawback can be exploited in the design of microbial biofuel cells because this enables them to consume wider range of chemical fuels. The efficiency of the charge transfer is among the most challenging and critical issues during the development of any kind of biofuel cell. In most cases, particular redox mediators and nanomaterials are applied for the facilitation of charge transfer from applied biomaterials towards biofuel cell electrodes. Some improvements in charge transfer efficiency can be achieved by the application of conducting polymers (CPs), which can be used for the immobilization of enzymes and in some particular cases even for the facilitation of charge transfer. In this review, charge transfer pathways and mechanisms, which are suitable for the design of biosensors and in biofuel cells, are discussed. Modification methods of the cell-wall/membrane by conducting polymers in order to enhance charge transfer efficiency of microorganisms, which can be potentially applied in the design of microbial biofuel cells, are outlined. The biocompatibility-related aspects of conducting polymers with microorganisms are summarized. Full article
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Other

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10 pages, 2770 KiB  
Letter
Ultra-Narrow-Band Filter Based on High Q Factor in Metallic Nanoslit Arrays
by Ling Guo, Mengran Guo, Hongyan Yang, Jun Ma and Shouhong Chen
Sensors 2020, 20(18), 5205; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20185205 - 12 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2427
Abstract
Here we propose a novel high Q ultra-narrow-band filter in the optical regime. Multiple high Q resonances are achieved in ultra-thin metallic nanoslit arrays on stacked low index–high index dielectric (LID–HID) substrate. Based on the cooperative effect of suppressed modes and transmission modes, [...] Read more.
Here we propose a novel high Q ultra-narrow-band filter in the optical regime. Multiple high Q resonances are achieved in ultra-thin metallic nanoslit arrays on stacked low index–high index dielectric (LID–HID) substrate. Based on the cooperative effect of suppressed modes and transmission modes, the high spectral resolution of transmission peaks is obtained. The number and Q factor of transmission peaks can be freely manipulated by a simple combination of the stacked LID–HID. It is demonstrated that the linewidths of the transmission peaks can be reduced down to the extreme limit of 1 nm and the Q factor is up to 700 by optimizing the structure parameter of the three-layer LID–HID. The results provide a theoretical basis to design a multi-band nanophotonic device with a high Q factor and have potential applications in the next generation of high-resolution plasmonic biosensing and filtering. Full article
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