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Applications of Resource Efficient Machine Learning in Smart Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 2010

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
KU Leuven, Department of Computer Science, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Interests: Applications of machine (deep) learning; Anomaly detection; (Semi-)supervised learning strategies; Automated interpretation of time-series signals such as acoustic, radar and accelerometer signals; Real-time machine learning on resource constrained devices

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Guest Editor
IDLab, Ghent University - imec, 9052 Gent, Belgium
Interests: resource efficient deep learning; edge computing; distributed machine learning; online learning; anomaly detection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In cloud-based machine learning (ML) applications, inference and learning occur in the cloud. However, due to a growing number of more powerful edge devices, together with certain privacy concerns and low latency requirements, there is a movement to transfer the information and part of the learning to areas near the sensors. Since sensors also increasingly include local processing capabilities, a part of the information can even shift to the sensors themselves. Such smart sensors will process all raw data locally and only transmit meaningful results. This trend is supported by the increase in offerings of commercially available ML processing cores, with different performance levels for various applications, including small devices such as for IoT and even dedicated processors designed for battery-powered operation. This paradigm change is clearly seen in the smartphone market, where local ML inference is introduced by including powerful but energy-efficient ML engines in the devices. Due to less communication occurring with a central computing unit in the cloud, the latency is significantly reduced. However, to fully support this trend, new resource-efficient ML solutions are needed that meet power, speed, and size constraints and that maximally benefit from the processing advantages ML accelerators offer.

This Special Issue aims to gather the latest results pertaining to novel, resource-efficient ML algorithms used in smart sensors for smart city, healthcare, industry 4.0, precision farming, and smart transportation applications. Thus, we welcome contributions on—but not limited to—the following topics:

  • Resource-efficient machine learning (including deep learning) model inference;
  • Resource-efficient training of machine learning (including deep learning) models at the edge (smart sensor);
  • Federated learning or stream-based active learning methods;
  • Approximation, quantization, and reduced precision computing;
  • Sparse modeling (e.g., model pruning);
  • Neural architecture search methods;
  • Communication or computation scheduling for better performance and energy use;
  • Load balancing and efficient task distribution techniques;
  • Exploring the interplay between precision, performance, power, and energy;
  • Security and privacy implications and preservation solutions;
  • Novel applications of machine learning in smart sensors across all fields and emerging use cases;
  • Discussions about real-world use cases;
  • Surveys on practical experiences.

Prof. Dr. Peter Karsmakers
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Resource-efficient machine learning
  • embedded machine learning
  • smart sensors
  • extreme edge computing
  • applications of machine learning in smart sensors

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 5375 KiB  
Article
Computational Optimization of Image-Based Reinforcement Learning for Robotics
by Stefano Ferraro, Toon Van de Maele, Pietro Mazzaglia, Tim Verbelen and Bart Dhoedt
Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7382; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22197382 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1217
Abstract
The robotics field has been deeply influenced by the advent of deep learning. In recent years, this trend has been characterized by the adoption of large, pretrained models for robotic use cases, which are not compatible with the computational hardware available in robotic [...] Read more.
The robotics field has been deeply influenced by the advent of deep learning. In recent years, this trend has been characterized by the adoption of large, pretrained models for robotic use cases, which are not compatible with the computational hardware available in robotic systems. Moreover, such large, computationally intensive models impede the low-latency execution which is required for many closed-loop control systems. In this work, we propose different strategies for improving the computational efficiency of the deep-learning models adopted in reinforcement-learning (RL) scenarios. As a use-case project, we consider an image-based RL method on the synergy between push-and-grasp actions. As a first optimization step, we reduce the model architecture in complexity, by decreasing the number of layers and by altering the architecture structure. Second, we consider downscaling the input resolution to reduce the computational load. Finally, we perform weight quantization, where we compare post-training quantization and quantized-aware training. We benchmark the improvements introduced in each optimization by running a standard testing routine. We show that the optimization strategies introduced can improve the computational efficiency by around 300 times, while also slightly improving the functional performance of the system. In addition, we demonstrate closed-loop control behaviour on a real-world robot, while processing everything on a Jetson Xavier NX edge device. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Resource Efficient Machine Learning in Smart Sensors)
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