Dear Colleagues,

Applications using brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have been growing steadily over the past few decades. Initially, BCIs were designed to provide rehabilitative and assistive solutions for patients. Recently, the use of BCI technology in other aspects of daily life, including mental load management, decision-making, neuro-marketing, and gaming, has been explored. As BCI technology is gradually moving towards use in practical applications, the need for a reliable and robust solution for detecting user intent is very important in the current landscape. A possible solution is the use of “Hybrid” BCIs, which have the advantage of combining different physiological sensors with brain signals to enhance the robustness of decoding. Researchers have tried to merge brain signals with physiological signals such as electromyography, eye gaze movement, pupil dilation, heart rate, and Galvanic Skin Responses (GSR) to further improve performance. With growing interest in this field, there is a need to develop robust and flexible sensors and signal processing techniques to fuse signals from various sources so that more reliable information can be retrieved and better predictions of users’ mental and physical states in an uncontrolled, real-world environment can be made.

Through this Special Issue, we aim to bring together advancements in the use of BCIs and hybrid BCIs for practical applications. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. Low-cost, portable, and robust sensors for practical BCI application;
2. The combination of brain imaging technologies with physiological sensors to improve the understanding of human brain functioning while also improving the performance of associated technologies;
3. Asynchronous, continuous, and collaborative BCI technologies for human augmentation;
4. Innovative and real-world applications of hybrid BCI for human augmentation;
5. Sensor fusion and signal processing techniques to merge information from different sources;
6. New machine learning architectures for seamless integration of information in a hybrid BCI architecture.

Dr. Saugat Bhattacharyya
Dr. Anirban Chowdhury
Dr. Shirin Dora
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

• brain–computer interfaces (BCIs)
• real -world applications
• physiological Sensors
• brain-imaging Sensors
• hybrid BCI
• asynchronous BCI
• continuous BCI
• collaborative BCI
• human augmentation
• sensor fusion in the context of hybrid BCI
• body sensor network