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Emerging Technologies for Sensing, Imaging and Biomechanics of the Eye...
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Emerging Technologies for Sensing, Imaging and Biomechanics of the Eye for Diagnostics and Surgery

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2022) | Viewed by 11290

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bojan Pajic

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Eye Clinic Orasis, Swiss Eye Research Foundation, 5734 Reinach AG, Switzerland
2. Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Interests: femtosecond laser technology; excimer laser and ablative solid state laser technology; diagnostic diode laser; corneal biomechanics; corneal surgery procedure; mathematical models for corneal biomechanics; corneal presbyopia procedure; autologous corneal inlay; cataract surgery techniques; high frequency deep sclerotomy (HFDS) glaucoma procedure; clinical trial in cataract, cornea and glaucoma surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Željka Cvejić

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Interests: structure and microstructure; design and optimization of electrical, magnetic and optical properties of nanomaterials; biomedical structural analysis; X-ray diffraction; Raman spectroscopy and imaging; vibrational spectroscopy; scattering; structure modelling, optometry and vision science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dragan Indjin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Optoelectronics and Nanoscale Electronics, Pollard Institute, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Interests: optical absorption; semiconductor lasers; mid-infrared and terahertz lasers and detectors; quantum-cascade lasers; infrared and terahertz sensing and imaging, medical sensing and imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Innovative scientific research and emerging technologies have a crucial role in addressing global challenges in improving healthcare. This Special Issue on “Emerging Technologies for sensing, Imaging and Biomechanics of the Eye for Diagnostics and Surgery” aims to present comprehensive and relevant research results across all scientific and technical disciplines in ophthalmology, visual sciences and optometry. This includes fundamental science geared towards physical, chemical and biological phenomena in the eye, as well as applied research focused on the development and optimisation of engineering technologies and sensors in ophthalmology. In ophthalmology and optometry, interdisciplinary development is essential. It is said that the interaction and cooperation of physicists, engineers, ophthalmologists and optometrists not only leads to improve diagnostics in the eyes but also expands their impact on applications in the eye diseases treatment or surgical interventions. Various factors play important roles in the process of high-resolution sensing and imaging technology development enabling non-touch, painless examination methods for patients and, if possible, molecular tissue analysis. All these activities enable a new targeted diagnostic, further development in the field of drug treatments and novel surgical methods of the eye. The principal task is to enable patients to be diagnosed as quickly and precisely as possible and to help them minimally invasively, both conservatively and surgically. Especially in the surgical disciplines, the aim is to keep patients’ rehabilitation time as short as possible while achieving maximum results. We would like to encourage research groups with relevant expertise to publish papers in this Special Issue which pursue exactly these goals and show and illustrate the importance of interdisciplinary approaches.

Prof. Bojan Pajic
Prof. Željka Cvejić
Dr. Dragan Indjin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Corneal and retinal imaging
  • Glaucoma
  • Cataract surgery
  • Refractive surgery
  • Optical coherent tomography angiography
  • Fluorescence angiography
  • Ocular blood circulation
  • Choroidea
  • Confocal microscopy of eye
  • Scheimpflug sensing
  • Placido sensing
  • Corneal endothelial cell pattern
  • Visual field sensing
  • Corneal topography
  • Laser scanning tomography
  • Femtosecond laser
  • Excimer laser
  • Visual acuity
  • Wavefront analysis
  • Optical aberrations
  • Raman sensing and imaging
  • Imaging spectroscopy in ophthalmology  
  • Sensors in ophthalmology
  • Sensors in optometry
  • Medical sensor
  • Mathematical modelling,
  • Biomechanical modelling
  • Vision care

Published Papers (4 papers)

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15 pages, 3948 KiB  
Article
Phacoemulsification and IOL-Implantation without Using Viscoelastics: Combined Modeling of Thermo Fluid Dynamics, Clinical Outcomes, and Endothelial Cell Density
by Nikola Goles, Marko Nerancic, Sanja Konjik, Brigitte Pajic-Eggspuehler, Bojan Pajic and Zeljka Cvejic
Sensors 2021, 21(7), 2399; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21072399 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2702
Abstract
Phacoemulsification is a widely used surgical method in cataract surgery with a high energy ultrasound source. The viscoelastic is considered to be tissue protective. The aim of this study is to investigate during surgery the impact of using viscoelastic versus no viscoelastic on [...] Read more.
Phacoemulsification is a widely used surgical method in cataract surgery with a high energy ultrasound source. The viscoelastic is considered to be tissue protective. The aim of this study is to investigate during surgery the impact of using viscoelastic versus no viscoelastic on clinical outcomes, potential complications and effect on endothelial cell density. The study group included 64 patients, who were subjected to phacoemulsification using balanced salt solution (BSS). Control group consisted of 62 patients, who underwent phacoemulsification using Hyaloronic acid 1% Healon 1%. Student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis. The simulations of temperature changes during phacoemulsification were performed by COMSOL Multiphysics software. In the BSS group, a mean endothelial cell loss (ECL) of 4.5% was measured one month postoperatively, while in the Healon group ECL was 5.3%. Data analysis showed no significant difference in ECL between the groups (Student’s t-test, p = 0.8). No significant difference was observed in endothelial cell morphology and IOP between the two groups pre- and postoperatively (all p > 0.05). The modeling of thermo fluid dynamics showed that the heating of the cornea is slightly less when Healon was used as irrigation fluid. The phacoemulsification technique can be performed by an experienced surgeon with viscoelastics or continuous anterior chamber (AC) irrigation on the same level of safety regarding endothelial cell damage, providing equally satisfying clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Sensing, Imaging and Biomechanics of the Eye for Diagnostics and Surgery)
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18 pages, 2271 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Femtosecond Laser-Assisted and Ultrasound-Assisted Cataract Surgery with Focus on Endothelial Analysis
by Anna Schroeter, Martina Kropp, Zeljka Cvejic, Gabriele Thumann and Bojan Pajic
Sensors 2021, 21(3), 996; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21030996 - 02 Feb 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3170
Abstract
Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery has the potential to make critical steps of cataract surgery easier and safer, and reduce endothelial cell loss, thus, improving postoperative outcomes. This study compared FLACS with the conventional method in terms of endothelial cells behavior, clinical outcomes, and [...] Read more.
Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery has the potential to make critical steps of cataract surgery easier and safer, and reduce endothelial cell loss, thus, improving postoperative outcomes. This study compared FLACS with the conventional method in terms of endothelial cells behavior, clinical outcomes, and capsulotomy precision. Methods: In a single-center, randomized controlled study, 130 patients with cataracta senilis received FLACS or conventional cataract surgery. Results: A significant endothelial cell loss was observed postoperatively, compared to the preoperative values in both groups. The endothelial cell counts was significantly better in the FLACS group in cataract grade 2 (p = 0.048) patients, compared to conventionally at 4 weeks. The effective phaco time was notably shorter in grade 2 of the FLACS group (p = 0.007) compared to the conventional. However, no statistically significant differences were found for the whole sample, including all cataract grades, due to the overall cataract density in the FLACS group being significantly higher (2.60 ± 0.58, p < 0.001) as compared to conventional methods (2.23 ± 0.42). Conclusions: Low energy FLACS provides a better result compared to endothelial cell loss, size, and shape variations, as well as in effective phaco time within certain cataract grade subgroups. A complete comparison between two groups was not possible because of the higher cataract grade in the FLACS. FLACS displayed a positive effect on endothelial cell preservation and was proven to be much more precise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Sensing, Imaging and Biomechanics of the Eye for Diagnostics and Surgery)
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12 pages, 4634 KiB  
Article
Changes of Corneal Biomechanical Properties upon Exclusive Ytt-/Sr-90 Irradiation of Pterygium
by Fritz Rigendinger, Daniel M. Aebersold, Zeljka Cvejic and Bojan Pajic
Sensors 2021, 21(3), 975; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21030975 - 02 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2547
Abstract
Background: It is known that pterygia above a certain size cause astigmatism and other aberrations of the human cornea and thus impair the quality of vision. Exclusive Sr-/Ytt-90 beta irradiation is a highly effective treatment for primary pterygia. The aim of this retrospective [...] Read more.
Background: It is known that pterygia above a certain size cause astigmatism and other aberrations of the human cornea and thus impair the quality of vision. Exclusive Sr-/Ytt-90 beta irradiation is a highly effective treatment for primary pterygia. The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the extent to which higher order corneal aberrations are affected by this treatment. Methods: Evaluation of corneal topographies and wavefront aberration data of 20 primary pterygia patients generated before and at different points in time in the first year after irradiation. Additionally, the size of the pterygium was measured. Results: The study showed a significant increase in coma and triple leaf aberrations in pterygia with a horizontal length of 2 mm and more. It was also found that a pterygium size greater than 2 mm significantly induces astigmatism. Both phenomena reduce visual quality. In none of the patients could a pterygium recurrence be detected after irradiation. Conclusions: If the pterygium size is less than 2 mm, early exclusive Sr/Ytt-90 beta irradiation can be recommended. If the size is more than 2 mm, a pterygium excision 6 months after beta irradiation can be discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Sensing, Imaging and Biomechanics of the Eye for Diagnostics and Surgery)
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3 pages, 163 KiB  
Perspective
Developing Affordable, Portable and Simplistic Diagnostic Sensors to Improve Access to Care
by Nikki L. Hafezi and Farhad Hafezi
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 1181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22031181 - 04 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1777
Abstract
Ophthalmology is a highly technical specialty, especially in the area of diagnostic equipment. While the field is innovative, the access to cutting-edge technology is limited with reference to the global population. A significant way to improve overall healthcare is to understand the needs [...] Read more.
Ophthalmology is a highly technical specialty, especially in the area of diagnostic equipment. While the field is innovative, the access to cutting-edge technology is limited with reference to the global population. A significant way to improve overall healthcare is to understand the needs and possibilities of all possible consumers when developing sophisticated and accurate medical devices. The Smartphone-based Keratograph (SBK), is an example of a new project that uses real world feedback, addresses an unmet medical need, and implements commercially available components to create a device that is affordable, portable and simplistic to operate. The long-term goal of the SBK is to collect data from users for supervised machine-learning. This machine-learning aspect will ultimately aid in the development of an artificial intelligence device to enable even earlier detection of keratoconus, especially in children and adolescents. Again, the ultimate goal of any medical device should be to improve patient care, and to make a significant improvement on vision healthcare for the global population, providing access to this technology is essential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Sensing, Imaging and Biomechanics of the Eye for Diagnostics and Surgery)
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