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Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) Systems
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Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) Systems

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 5154

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rubén Boluda-Ruiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Wireless Optical Communications Lab., Institute of Telecommunication Research (TELMA), University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
Interests: optical wireless communication systems; multiple-input systems; multiple-output (MIMO) systems; channel modeling; cooperative communications; physical layer security aspects
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, due to the threat of the increasingly evident global climate change and the foreseeable depletion of many resources, there has been a growing interest in ocean exploration. This has prompted research and development of long-distance, high-speed, and high-security underwater OWC links for scientific, industrial, and military purposes. In this context, the need to transmit large amounts of data has become vital in applications related to oceanographic studies, offshore exploration, surveillance environmental, disaster prevention, telemetry, real-time video transmission, and control of docking in ports, among others. This Special Issue cordially invites original manuscripts in, but not limited to, the following:

  •  Oceanic turbulence modeling and simulation;
  • Scattering and oceanic turbulence mitigation techniques;
  • Fiber-wireless communication systems;
  • Performance analysis and signal processing of advanced underwater OWC systems;
  • Channel capacity analysis;
  • Hybrid underwater OWC/acoustic technology;
  • Modulation, coding, and detection schemes;
  • Underwater OWC sensor networks;
  • Underwater OWC positioning and localization systems;
  • Relay-assisted technology;
  • Orbital angular momentum for underwater communication;
  • Quantum-key distribution techniques.

Dr. Rubén Boluda-Ruiz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • underwater optical wireless communication;
  • oceanic turbulence; scattering;
  • relay-assisted communication;
  • orbital angular momentum;
  • hybrid technology;
  • quantum key distribution

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 9334 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System Based on LEDs and Estimation of Maximum Communication Distance
by Minglun Zhang and Hongyu Zhou
Sensors 2023, 23(17), 7649; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23177649 - 04 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1370
Abstract
This paper presents a real-time underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. The transmitter of our UWOC system is equipped with four blue LEDs, and we have implemented pre-emphasis technology to extend the modulation bandwidth of these LEDs. At the receiver end, a 3 [...] Read more.
This paper presents a real-time underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. The transmitter of our UWOC system is equipped with four blue LEDs, and we have implemented pre-emphasis technology to extend the modulation bandwidth of these LEDs. At the receiver end, a 3 mm diameter APD is utilized. Both the transmitter and receiver are housed in watertight chassis and are submerged in a water pool to conduct real-time underwater experiments. Through these experiments, we have obtained impressive results. The data rate achieved by our system reaches up to 135 Mbps, with a BER of 5.9 × 10−3, at a distance of 10 m. Additionally, we have developed a convenient method for measuring the underwater attenuation coefficient, using which we have found the attenuation coefficient of the water in experiments to be 0.289 dB/m. Furthermore, we propose a technique to estimate the maximum communication distance of an on–off keying UWOC system with intersymbol interference, based on the Q factor. By applying this method, we conclude that under the same water quality conditions, our system can achieve a maximum communication distance of 25.4 m at 80 Mbps. Overall, our research showcases the successful implementation of a real-time UWOC system, along with novel methods for measuring the underwater attenuation coefficient and estimating the maximum communication distance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) Systems)
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12 pages, 4827 KiB  
Article
Research on Orbital Angular Momentum Recognition Technology Based on a Convolutional Neural Network
by Xiaoji Li, Leiming Sun, Jiemei Huang and Fanze Zeng
Sensors 2023, 23(2), 971; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23020971 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1551
Abstract
In underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), a vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum has a spatial spiral phase distribution, which provides spatial freedom for UWOC and, as a new information modulation dimension resource, it can greatly improve channel capacity and spectral efficiency. In [...] Read more.
In underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), a vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum has a spatial spiral phase distribution, which provides spatial freedom for UWOC and, as a new information modulation dimension resource, it can greatly improve channel capacity and spectral efficiency. In a case of the disturbance of a vortex beam by ocean turbulence, where a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is damaged by turbulence and distortion, which affects OAM pattern recognition, and the phase feature of the phase map not only has spiral wavefront but also phase singularity feature, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model can effectively extract the information of the distorted OAM phase map to realize the recognition of dual-mode OAM and single-mode OAM. The phase map of the Laguerre–Gaussian beam passing through ocean turbulence was used as a dataset to simulate and analyze the OAM recognition effect during turbulence caused by different temperature ratios and salinity. The results showed that, during strong turbulence Cn2=1.0×10−13K2m−2/3, when different ω = −1.75, the recognition rate of dual-mode OAM (ℓ = ±1~±5, ±1~±6, ±1~±7, ±1~±8, ±1~±9, ±1~±10) had higher recognition rates of 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 98.89%, and 98.67% and single-mode OAM (ℓ = 1~5, 1~6, 1~7, 1~8, 1~9, 1~10) had higher recognition rates of 93.33%, 92.77%, 92.33%, 90%, 87.78%, and 84%, respectively. With the increase in ω, the recognition accuracy of the CNN model will gradually decrease, and in a fixed case, the dual-mode OAM has stronger anti-interference ability than single-mode OAM. These results may provide a reference for optical communication technologies that implement high-capacity OAM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) Systems)
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20 pages, 8493 KiB  
Article
Misalignment-Resilient Propagation Model for Underwater Optical Wireless Links
by João H. Araújo, Joana S. Tavares, Veridiano M. Marques, Henrique M. Salgado and Luís M. Pessoa
Sensors 2023, 23(1), 359; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23010359 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395
Abstract
This paper proposes a multiple-lens receiver scheme to increase the misalignment tolerance of an underwater optical wireless communications link between an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a sensor plane. An accurate model of photon propagation based on the Monte Carlo simulation is presented [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a multiple-lens receiver scheme to increase the misalignment tolerance of an underwater optical wireless communications link between an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a sensor plane. An accurate model of photon propagation based on the Monte Carlo simulation is presented which accounts for the lens(es) photon refraction at the sensor interface and angular misalignment between the emitter and receiver. The results show that the ideal divergence of the beam of the emitter is around 15° for a 1 m transmission length, increasing to 22° for a shorter distance of 0.5 m but being independent of the water turbidity. In addition, it is concluded that a seven-lense scheme is approximately three times more tolerant to offset than a single lens. A random forest machine learning algorithm is also assessed for its suitability to estimate the offset and angle of the AUV in relation to the fixed sensor, based on the power distribution of each lens, in real time. The algorithm is able to estimate the offset and angular misalignment with a mean square error of 5 mm (6 mm) and 0.157 rad (0.174 rad) for a distance between the transmitter and receiver of 1 m and 0.5 m, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) Systems)
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