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Gas Sensors for Environmental Applications
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Gas Sensors for Environmental Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2023) | Viewed by 16541

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tadeusz Pisarkiewicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: thin and thick films, metal oxides, nanomaterials, nanofabrication, gas sensors
Prof. Dr. Artur M. Rydosz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Insitute of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: metal oxide thin films; nanomaterials; gas sensors; acetone detection; exhaled breath analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, household wastes and burning of garbage are the main cause of pollutants which deteriorate the natural environmental conditions. The continuous release of various chemical pollutants such as NOx, NH3, H2S, CH4, SOx, CO, CO2 and VOCs into the environment creates many problems as acid rain, global warming, and the depletion of the ozone layer, also influencing human health. To control and minimize the damage to the environment due to air pollution, monitoring systems are needed that detect quickly and distinguish pollutants within the range of standard norms. Recently, the scientific community has carried out extensive research on good-quality environmental sensors with many applications in practice. In effect, many types of sensors are available to monitor the pollutants and harmful gases and different types of gas-sensitive materials, such as metal oxide/metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene and other two-dimensional nanomaterials, and hybrid nanostructures have been widely investigated. The demand is that elaborated structures reveal good sensitivity and selectivity with low operating temperature, fast response/recovery time and good reproducibility. Different types of substrates are developed to maintain the flexibility and robustness of the sensors. There are both wireless and wired manufactured sensors to meet the users' expectations; however, due to wider versatility, the production of wireless sensors prevails. Further investigations on perspective materials and technologies that can be used for environmental monitoring applications are in progress.

Prof. Dr. Tadeusz Pisarkiewicz
Prof. Dr. Artur M. Rydosz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gas sensors
  • environmental monitoring
  • 2D structures
  • nanomaterials

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 4231 KiB  
Communication
A Study on the Gas/Humidity Sensitivity of the High-Frequency SAW CO Gas Sensor Based on Noble-Metal-Modified Metal Oxide Film
by Haiyang Yang, Bin Shen, Xinlei Liu, Chunbo Jin and Tianshun Zhou
Sensors 2023, 23(5), 2487; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23052487 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1336
Abstract
In order to improve the response characteristics of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor to trace gases, a SAW CO gas sensor based on a Pd–Pt/SnO2/Al2O3 film with a high-frequency response performance is proposed in this paper. The [...] Read more.
In order to improve the response characteristics of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor to trace gases, a SAW CO gas sensor based on a Pd–Pt/SnO2/Al2O3 film with a high-frequency response performance is proposed in this paper. The gas sensitivity and humidity sensitivity of trace CO gas are tested and analyzed under normal temperatures and pressures. The research results show that, compared with the frequency response of the Pd–Pt/SnO2 film, the CO gas sensor based on a Pd–Pt/SnO2/Al2O3 film has a higher frequency response performance, and the sensor has high-frequency response characteristics to CO gas with a concentration in the range of 10–100 ppm. The average response recovery time of 90% ranges from 33.4 s to 37.2 s, respectively. When the CO gas with a concentration of 30 ppm is tested repeatedly, its frequency fluctuation is less than 5%, indicating that the sensor has good stability. In the range of relative humidity (RH) from 25% to 75%, it also has high-frequency response characteristics for CO gas with a 20 ppm concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Environmental Applications)
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13 pages, 2935 KiB  
Article
Development of a Novel Gas-Sensing Platform Based on a Network of Metal Oxide Nanowire Junctions Formed on a Suspended Carbon Nanomesh Backbone
by Taejung Kim, Seungwook Lee, Wootaek Cho, Yeong Min Kwon, Jeong Min Baik and Heungjoo Shin
Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4525; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21134525 - 01 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3373
Abstract
Junction networks made of longitudinally connected metal oxide nanowires (MOx NWs) have been widely utilized in resistive-type gas sensors because the potential barrier at the NW junctions leads to improved gas sensing performances. However, conventional MOx–NW-based gas sensors exhibit limited gas access to [...] Read more.
Junction networks made of longitudinally connected metal oxide nanowires (MOx NWs) have been widely utilized in resistive-type gas sensors because the potential barrier at the NW junctions leads to improved gas sensing performances. However, conventional MOx–NW-based gas sensors exhibit limited gas access to the sensing sites and reduced utilization of the entire NW surfaces because the NW networks are grown on the substrate. This study presents a novel gas sensor platform facilitating the formation of ZnO NW junction networks in a suspended architecture by growing ZnO NWs radially on a suspended carbon mesh backbone consisting of sub-micrometer-sized wires. NW networks were densely formed in the lateral and longitudinal directions of the ZnO NWs, forming additional longitudinally connected junctions in the voids of the carbon mesh. Therefore, target gases could efficiently access the sensing sites, including the junctions and the entire surface of the ZnO NWs. Thus, the present sensor, based on a suspended network of longitudinally connected NW junctions, exhibited enhanced gas response, sensitivity, and lower limit of detection compared to sensors consisting of only laterally connected NWs. In addition, complete sensor structures consisting of a suspended carbon mesh backbone and ZnO NWs could be prepared using only batch fabrication processes such as carbon microelectromechanical systems and hydrothermal synthesis, allowing cost-effective sensor fabrication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Environmental Applications)
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Graphical abstract

18 pages, 15543 KiB  
Article
Artificial Breath Classification Using XGBoost Algorithm for Diabetes Detection
by Anna Paleczek, Dominik Grochala and Artur Rydosz
Sensors 2021, 21(12), 4187; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21124187 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4671
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis has become more and more popular as a supplementary tool for medical diagnosis. However, the number of variables that have to be taken into account forces researchers to develop novel algorithms for proper data interpretation. This paper presents a system [...] Read more.
Exhaled breath analysis has become more and more popular as a supplementary tool for medical diagnosis. However, the number of variables that have to be taken into account forces researchers to develop novel algorithms for proper data interpretation. This paper presents a system for analyzing exhaled air with the use of various sensors. Breath simulations with acetone as a diabetes biomarker were performed using the proposed e-nose system. The XGBoost algorithm for diabetes detection based on artificial breath analysis is presented. The results have shown that the designed system based on the XGBoost algorithm is highly selective for acetone, even at low concentrations. Moreover, in comparison with other commonly used algorithms, it was shown that XGBoost exhibits the highest performance and recall. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Environmental Applications)
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Review

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56 pages, 12446 KiB  
Review
Road Map of Semiconductor Metal-Oxide-Based Sensors: A Review
by Taposhree Dutta, Tanzila Noushin, Shawana Tabassum and Satyendra K. Mishra
Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6849; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23156849 - 01 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3523
Abstract
Identifying disease biomarkers and detecting hazardous, explosive, flammable, and polluting gases and chemicals with extremely sensitive and selective sensor devices remains a challenging and time-consuming research challenge. Due to their exceptional characteristics, semiconducting metal oxides (SMOxs) have received a lot of attention in [...] Read more.
Identifying disease biomarkers and detecting hazardous, explosive, flammable, and polluting gases and chemicals with extremely sensitive and selective sensor devices remains a challenging and time-consuming research challenge. Due to their exceptional characteristics, semiconducting metal oxides (SMOxs) have received a lot of attention in terms of the development of various types of sensors in recent years. The key performance indicators of SMOx-based sensors are their sensitivity, selectivity, recovery time, and steady response over time. SMOx-based sensors are discussed in this review based on their different properties. Surface properties of the functional material, such as its (nano)structure, morphology, and crystallinity, greatly influence sensor performance. A few examples of the complicated and poorly understood processes involved in SMOx sensing systems are adsorption and chemisorption, charge transfers, and oxygen migration. The future prospects of SMOx-based gas sensors, chemical sensors, and biological sensors are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Environmental Applications)
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Other

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18 pages, 6053 KiB  
Brief Report
Developing GLAD Parameters to Control the Deposition of Nanostructured Thin Film
by Jakub Bronicki, Dominik Grochala and Artur Rydosz
Sensors 2022, 22(2), 651; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22020651 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2108
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the device developed to control the deposition parameters to manage the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) process of metal-oxide thin films for gas-sensing applications. The GLAD technique is based on a set of parameters such as the tilt, rotation, [...] Read more.
In this paper, we describe the device developed to control the deposition parameters to manage the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) process of metal-oxide thin films for gas-sensing applications. The GLAD technique is based on a set of parameters such as the tilt, rotation, and substrate temperature. All parameters are crucial to control the deposition of nanostructured thin films. Therefore, the developed GLAD controller enables the control of all parameters by the scientist during the deposition. Additionally, commercially available vacuum components were used, including a three-axis manipulator. High-precision readings were tested, where the relative errors calculated using the parameters provided by the manufacturer were 1.5% and 1.9% for left and right directions, respectively. However, thanks to the formula developed by our team, the values were decreased to 0.8% and 0.69%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Environmental Applications)
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