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Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology...
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Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 16553

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Egidio De Benedetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: dielectric characterization of materials; microwave reflectometry systems for monitoring applications; 4.0-based measurement systems; measurements for augmented reality systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Annarita Tedesco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: aumented reality; AR application in infustrial installations; measurements; security technologies for critical infrastructures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace) (http://www.metroaerospace.org/home) will be held in Naples, Italy, 23–25 June 2021. Authors of papers related to sensors presented at the workshop are invited to submit extended versions of their work to this Special Issue for publication.

Since the first edition, MetroAeroSpace has represented an international meeting place in the world of research in the field of metrology for aerospace involving national and international institutions and academia in a discussion concerning state-of-the-art issues that require a joint approach by experts regarding measurement instrumentation and industrial testing, typically professional engineers and experts in innovation metrology, typically academics.

This seventh edition will keep pursuing the state of the art and continue the practices carried out in past years. Topics may include but are not limited to new technology for metrology-assisted production in the aerospace industry, aircraft component measurement, sensors and associated signal conditioning for aerospace, and calibration methods for electronic testing and measurement for aerospace.

Topics:

  • Electronic instrumentation for aerospace
  • Automatic test equipment for aerospace
  • Sensors and sensor systems for aerospace applications
  • Wireless sensor networks in aerospace
  • Attitude and heading reference systems
  • Monitoring systems in aerospace
  • Metrology for navigation and precise positioning
  • Sensors and data fusion techniques for avionics and air traffic management
  • Flight testing instrumentation and flight test techniques

Dr. Egidio De Benedetto
Dr. Annarita Tedesco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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18 pages, 3084 KiB  
Article
Multi-Layer Defences for Robust GNSS Timing Retrieval
by Ciro Gioia and Daniele Borio
Sensors 2021, 21(23), 7787; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21237787 - 23 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1162
Abstract
A multi-layered interference mitigation approach can significantly improve the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers in the presence of jamming. In this work, three levels of defence are considered including: pre-correlation interference mitigation techniques, post-correlation measurement screening and FDE at the [...] Read more.
A multi-layered interference mitigation approach can significantly improve the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers in the presence of jamming. In this work, three levels of defence are considered including: pre-correlation interference mitigation techniques, post-correlation measurement screening and FDE at the Position, Velocity, and Time (PVT) level. The performance and interaction of these receiver defences are analysed with specific focus on Robust Interference Mitigation (RIM), measurement screening through Lock Indicator (LIs) and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). The case of timing receivers with a known user position and using Galileo signals from different frequencies has been studied with Time-Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (T-RAIM) based on the Backward-Forward method. From the experimental analysis it emerges that RIM improves the quality of the measurements reducing the number of exclusions performed by T-RAIM. Effective measurements screening is also fundamental to obtain unbiased timing solutions: in this respect T-RAIM can provide the required level of reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace)
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15 pages, 5541 KiB  
Article
The Experimental Verification of Direct-Write Silver Conductive Grid and ARIMA Time Series Analysis for Crack Propagation
by Artur Kurnyta, Marta Baran, Paulina Kurnyta-Mazurek, Kamil Kowalczyk, Michał Dziendzikowski and Krzysztof Dragan
Sensors 2021, 21(20), 6916; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21206916 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1974
Abstract
The paper presents experimental verification of customized resistive crack propagation sensors as an alternative method for other common structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques. Most of these are sensitive to changes in the sensor network configuration and a baseline dataset must be collected for [...] Read more.
The paper presents experimental verification of customized resistive crack propagation sensors as an alternative method for other common structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques. Most of these are sensitive to changes in the sensor network configuration and a baseline dataset must be collected for the analysis of the structure condition. Sensors investigated within the paper are manufactured by the direct-write process with electrically conductive, silver-microparticle-filled paint to prepare a tailored measuring grid on an epoxy or polyurethane coating as a driving/insulating layer. This method is designed to enhance the functionality and usability compared to commercially available crack gauges. By using paint with conductive metal particles, the shape of the sensor measuring grid can be more easily adapted to the structure, while, in the previous approach, only a few grid-fixed sensors are available. A fatigue test on the compact tension (CT) specimen is presented and discussed to evaluate the ability of the developed sensors to detect and monitor fatigue cracks. Additionally, the ARIMA time series algorithm is developed both for monitoring and predicting crack growth, based on the acquired data. The proposed sensors’ verification reveal their good performance to detect and monitor fatigue fractures with a relatively low measurement error and ARIMA estimated crack length compared with the crack opening displacement (COD) gauge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace)
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26 pages, 10067 KiB  
Article
Health Monitoring of Aerospace Structures Utilizing Novel Health Indicators Extracted from Complex Strain and Acoustic Emission Data
by Georgios Galanopoulos, Dimitrios Milanoski, Agnes Broer, Dimitrios Zarouchas and Theodoros Loutas
Sensors 2021, 21(17), 5701; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21175701 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3261
Abstract
The development of health indicators (HI) of diagnostic and prognostic potential from generally uninformative raw sensor data is both a challenge and an essential feature for data-driven diagnostics and prognostics of composite structures. In this study, new damage-sensitive features, developed from strains acquired [...] Read more.
The development of health indicators (HI) of diagnostic and prognostic potential from generally uninformative raw sensor data is both a challenge and an essential feature for data-driven diagnostics and prognostics of composite structures. In this study, new damage-sensitive features, developed from strains acquired with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and acoustic emission (AE) data, were investigated for their suitability as HIs. Two original fatigue test campaigns (constant and variable amplitude) were conducted on single-stringer composite panels using appropriate sensors. After an initial damage introduction in the form of either impact damage or artificial disbond, the panels were subjected to constant and variable amplitude compression–compression fatigue tests. Strain sensing using FBGs and AE was employed to monitor the damage growth, which was further verified by phased array ultrasound. Several FBGs were incorporated in special SMARTapesTM, which were bonded along the stiffener’s feet to measure the strain field, whereas the AE sensors were strategically placed on the panels’ skin to record the acoustic emission activity. HIs were developed from FBG and AE raw data with promising behaviors for health monitoring of composite structures during service. A correlation with actual damage was attempted by leveraging the measurements from a phased array camera at several time instances throughout the experiments. The developed HIs displayed highly monotonic behaviors while damage accumulated on the composite panel, with moderate prognosability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace)
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17 pages, 7017 KiB  
Article
Development of a Combined Micro-Macro Mechanics Analytical Approach to Design Shape Memory Alloy Spring-Based Actuators and Its Experimental Validation
by Aniello Riccio, Carmine Napolitano, Andrea Sellitto, Valerio Acanfora and Mauro Zarrelli
Sensors 2021, 21(16), 5506; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21165506 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2085
Abstract
In this work, an analytical procedure for the preliminary design of shape memory alloy spring-based actuators is investigated. Two static analytical models are considered and interconnected in the frame of the proposed procedure. The first model, based on the works from An, is [...] Read more.
In this work, an analytical procedure for the preliminary design of shape memory alloy spring-based actuators is investigated. Two static analytical models are considered and interconnected in the frame of the proposed procedure. The first model, based on the works from An, is able to determine the material properties of the SMA components by means of experimental test data and is able to size the SMA component based on the requirements of the system. The second model, based on a work from Spaggiari, helps to design and size an antagonist spring system that allows one to obtain the geometric characteristics of springs (SMA and bias) and the mechanical characteristics of the entire actuator. The combined use of these models allows one to define and size a complex SMA actuator based on the actuation load requirements. To validate the design procedure, static experimental tests have been performed with the entire SMA actuator. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace)
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18 pages, 3862 KiB  
Technical Note
Wind Tunnel Performance Tests of the Propellers with Different Pitch for the Electric Propulsion System
by Zbigniew Czyż, Paweł Karpiński, Krzysztof Skiba and Mirosław Wendeker
Sensors 2022, 22(1), 2; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22010002 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7065
Abstract
The geometry of a propeller is closely related to its aerodynamic performance. One of the geometric parameters of a propeller is pitch. This parameter determines the distance by which the propeller moves forward during one revolution. The challenge is to select a propeller [...] Read more.
The geometry of a propeller is closely related to its aerodynamic performance. One of the geometric parameters of a propeller is pitch. This parameter determines the distance by which the propeller moves forward during one revolution. The challenge is to select a propeller geometry for electric propulsion in order to achieve the best possible performance. This paper presents the experimental results of the aerodynamic performance of the set of propellers with different pitch values. The tests were performed in a closed-circuit subsonic wind tunnel using a six-component force balance. The analyzed propellers were 12-inch diameter twin-blade propellers that were driven by a BLDC (brushless direct current) electric motor. The tests were performed under forced airflow conditions. The thrust and torque produced by the propeller were measured using a strain gauge. The analysis was performed for different values of the advance ratio which is the ratio of freestream fluid speed to propeller tip speed. Additionally, a set of electrical parameters was recorded using the created measurement system. The propeller performance was evaluated by a dimensional analysis. This method enables calculation of dimensionless coefficients which are useful for comparing performance data for propellers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace)
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