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Smart Devices in Real-Time Monitoring

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 12586

Special Issue Editors

Department of Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 La Cañada, Almería, Spain
Interests: electromagnetic sensor design; analog systems; geo-signals; radio-signals
Department of Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
Interests: electromagnetic natural phenomena; digital signal processing; real-time signal monitoring and measurement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, advances in the manufacture of electronic devices allow for the integration of complex systems in a single package, containing everything from sensoring to data acquisition and pre-processing systems, even including power management systems and connectivity options. Miniaturization developments are contributing to the modernization of the industry. To name a few, advances in autonomous mobility, home automation introduction, the Internet of things (IoT) penetration in all its variants (Industrial IoT, IoFood, etc.), sensor development for remote diagnosis and patient monitoring in telemedicine, sensor network deployment for monitoring terrestrial signals for scientific research, the fast deployment of renewable energy generation systems (mainly wind turbines and photovoltaic generators). All these activities require real-time monitoring (RTM) as well. Due to the increasing applications of these technologies, the amount of data generated by RTM systems has escalated, forcing scientists and engineers to think about how to handle this data, from storage to processing, to bring relevant information to its managers.

This Special Issue will cover the state of the art and advances in technologies, methodologies, and applications of real-time intelligent systems that improve reliability, operational efficiency, and energy efficiency, as well as reduce costs and resource consumption. It also aims to increase knowledge in the field of smart sensors, sensor networks and interconnection protocols, data monitoring and management, or research topics that would lead to industrial, scientific, and medical applications of these systems. We encourage you to participate in this Special Issue.

A non-exhaustive and non-limitative list has been established. Therefore, all papers related to the topics mentioned above that accomplish the purposes of the Special Issue will be accepted.

Prof. Dr. Jose Antonio Gazquez Parra
Prof. Dr. Manuel Fernandez Ros
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Smart sensors: types, current techniques, and future
  • Smart devices in industry, cities, home, mobility, telemedicine, and biomedical applications
  • Geosignals (earthquake monitoring, lightning detection, Schumann resonances) in RTM
  • Smart devices and networks for prevention of climate change
  • Connectivity (wired and wireless) in smart devices networks. Broadband and narrowband networks
  • Databases, big data, and machine learning RTM systems
  • IoT, Industrial IoT, IoFood, and Farm
  • Monitoring of magnetic and electromagnetic fields in urban areas
  • Real-time security systems
  • Smart devices in industry 4.0 and manufacturing

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2897 KiB  
Article
Contactless Sensing of Water Properties for Smart Monitoring of Pipelines
by Christian Riboldi, Danilo A. Carnevale Castillo, Daniele M. Crafa and Marco Carminati
Sensors 2023, 23(4), 2075; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s23042075 - 12 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1768
Abstract
A key milestone for the pervasive diffusion of wireless sensing nodes for smart monitoring of water quality and quantity in distribution networks is the simplification of the installation of sensors. To address this aspect, we demonstrate how two basic contactless sensors, such as [...] Read more.
A key milestone for the pervasive diffusion of wireless sensing nodes for smart monitoring of water quality and quantity in distribution networks is the simplification of the installation of sensors. To address this aspect, we demonstrate how two basic contactless sensors, such as piezoelectric transducers and strip electrodes (in a longitudinal interdigitated configuration to sense impedance inside and outside of the pipe with potential for impedimetric leak detection), can be easily clamped on plastic pipes to enable the measurement of multiple parameters without contact with the fluid and, thus, preserving the integrity of the pipe. Here we report the measurement of water flow rate (up to 24 m3/s) and temperature with ultrasounds and of the pipe filling fraction (capacitance at 1 MHz with ~cm3 resolution) and ionic conductivity (resistance at 20 MHz from 700 to 1400 μS/cm) by means of impedance. The equivalent impedance model of the sensor is discussed in detail. Numerical finite-element simulations, carried out to optimize the sensing parameters such as the sensing frequency, confirm the lumped models and are matched by experimental results. In fact, a 6 m long, 30 L demonstration hydraulic loop was built to validate the sensors in realistic conditions (water speed of 1 m/s) monitoring a pipe segment of 0.45 m length and 90 mm diameter (one of the largest ever reported in the literature). Tradeoffs in sensors accuracy, deployment, and fabrication, for instance, adopting single-sided flexible PCBs as electrodes protected by Kapton on the external side and experimentally validated, are discussed as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Devices in Real-Time Monitoring)
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14 pages, 2521 KiB  
Article
A Non-Contact and Real-Time Measurement Technique of Human Body Potential Using Electrostatic Induction Current Accompanied by Human Body Motion
by Koichi Kurita
Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7161; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22197161 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1576
Abstract
This paper describes a non-contact and real-time measurement technique of human body potential using ultra-sensitive electrostatic induction. When a participant moves his/her palm to a position approximately 30 cm away from an electrostatic induction sensor, electrostatic induction current flows transiently. It is clarified [...] Read more.
This paper describes a non-contact and real-time measurement technique of human body potential using ultra-sensitive electrostatic induction. When a participant moves his/her palm to a position approximately 30 cm away from an electrostatic induction sensor, electrostatic induction current flows transiently. It is clarified whether estimation of the human body potential is possible by simultaneously measuring the velocity of the participant’s palm and distance between the participant’s palm and sensor. In addition, even when the participant walks at a position approximately 50 cm away from the electrostatic induction sensor, it is confirmed that the estimation of human body potential is possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Devices in Real-Time Monitoring)
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21 pages, 3821 KiB  
Article
Reducing Energy Consumption and Health Hazards of Electric Liquid Mosquito Repellents through TinyML
by Inyeop Choi and Hyogon Kim
Sensors 2022, 22(17), 6421; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22176421 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6222
Abstract
Two problems arise when using commercially available electric liquid mosquito repellents. First, prallethrine, the main component of the liquid repellent, can have an adverse effect on the human body with extended exposure. Second, electricity is wasted when no mosquitoes are present. To solve [...] Read more.
Two problems arise when using commercially available electric liquid mosquito repellents. First, prallethrine, the main component of the liquid repellent, can have an adverse effect on the human body with extended exposure. Second, electricity is wasted when no mosquitoes are present. To solve these problems, a TinyML-oriented mosquito sound classification model is developed and integrated with a commercial electric liquid repellent device. Based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), the classification model can control the prallethrine vaporizer to turn on only when there are mosquitoes. As a consequence, the repellent user can avoid inhaling unnecessarily large amounts of the chemical, with the added benefit of dramatically reduced energy consumption by the repellent device. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Devices in Real-Time Monitoring)
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16 pages, 8515 KiB  
Article
Grid Frequency Measurement through a PLHR Analysis Obtained from an ELF Magnetometer
by Francisco Portillo, Alfredo Alcayde, Rosa M. García, Nuria Novas, José Antonio Gázquez and Manuel Férnadez-Ros
Sensors 2022, 22(8), 2954; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22082954 - 12 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1961
Abstract
The stability of the power grid’s frequency is crucial for industrial, commercial, and domestic applications. The standard frequency in Europe’s grid is 50 Hz and it must be as stable as possible; therefore, reliable measurement is essential to ensure that the frequency is [...] Read more.
The stability of the power grid’s frequency is crucial for industrial, commercial, and domestic applications. The standard frequency in Europe’s grid is 50 Hz and it must be as stable as possible; therefore, reliable measurement is essential to ensure that the frequency is within the limits defined in the standard EN 50160:2010. In this article, a method has been introduced for the measurement of the grid frequency through a power line harmonics radiation analysis. An extremely low-frequency magnetometer was developed with the specific purpose of monitoring, in real time, the electromagnetic field produced by electrical installations in the range from 0 to 2.2 kHz. Zero-crossing and Fast Fourier transform algorithms were applied to the output signal to calculate the grid frequency as a non-invasive method. As a final step, data for a complete month (May 2021) were compared with a commercial power quality analyzer connected to the main line to validate the results. The zero-crossing algorithm gave the best result on 3 May 2021, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9801. Therefore, the indirect measurement of the grid frequency obtained through this analysis satisfactorily fits the grid frequency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Devices in Real-Time Monitoring)
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