Sensors for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes is a worldwide disease that concerns more than 450 million people, with increasing tendency. The average prevalence is around 10%, with variations due to (mal)nutrition and ethnical issues. Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be managed by strict control of blood glucose and eventual dosing of insulin. At present, most diabetes patients control their blood glucose invasively by pricking their finger and transferring  a drop of blood to an enzymatic test strip that is read out on a small electronic device. However, pain, discomfort, and costs prevent the close-meshed control that is required to keep blood glucose in the “green range”. Recently, minimally invasive devices have made their way into the market that use a tiny subcutaneous needle and allow quasi-continuous blood glucose analysis over a week or longer.

Many attempts have been made for a truly non-invasive blood glucose analysis, either by analyzing an easily available body fluid, e.g. urine, saliva, sweat or tear fluid with a sensor, or through spectroscopy, mostly in the near and mid-infrared range, or Raman spectroscopy, to analyze glucose in skin and tissue fluid that closely follows blood glucose.

This Special Issue presents the state of the art of sensors for non-invasive blood glucose analysis. Sensor concepts are presented that either specifically target the blood glucose enzymatically or spectroscopically by directly addressing its molecular vibrations and overtones or use proxy effects that follow blood glucose, such as electric impedance of skin, ultrasound or microwave transmission. Some of these sensor concepts are on their way to prototype devices, clinical testing, or even to the market. Overall, this Special Issue summarizes sensor developments that, if successful, will help to manage a global health problem and a lifelong challenge for patients.

Prof. Dr. Werner Mäntele
Guest Editor

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• Diabetes
• Blood glucose analysis
• Tissue glucose analysis
• Enyzmatic sensor
• Spectroscopic sensor
• Glucose molecular vibrations
• Mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy
• Raman spectroscopy