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Textile-Based Sensors: E-textiles, Devices, and Integrated Systems
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Textile-Based Sensors: E-textiles, Devices, and Integrated Systems

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensor Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 27421

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hyun-Joong Chung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
Interests: soft materials; hydrogels; elastomers; bioelectronics; e-textiles
Dr. Patricia Dolez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor, Department of Human Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Life, Environmental Sciences, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Interests: Application of nanotechnologies; smart textiles; natural fibres; and recycled materials in personal protective equipment and other textile-based products & aging behavior of protective materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The comfort of the wearers is the most important feature for wearable sensors and electronics for healthcare, Internet of Things, soft robotics, and other work-related and general consumer applications. From thousands of years of history, textiles have been developed to ensure optimal comfort for wearers. System integration of these sensory devices can be benefited from recently burgeoning fields of smart textiles and stretchable electronics. The field of “Textile-Based Sensors” is an interdisciplinary engineering field that requires a comprehensive understanding of textile science, materials science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, chemistry, and physics at practical levels, as well as the 'human' aspects such as ergonomics, psychology, and rehabilitation medicine.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together innovative developments in a broad spectrum of sensors that utilizes textiles as wearable substrates or as an active component of the devices. Papers addressing the wide range of aspects of this technology are sought, including, but not limited to, recent developments in new active and passive material components for textile-based electronics and sensors, fundamental and applied science issues underlying e-textile systems and their fabrication, technologies for process integration, and studies on real-life applications, including clinical healthcare applications.

Both review articles and original research papers are solicited. There is particular interest in papers envisioning innovative sensor applications that have not been possible with conventional rigid materials and form factors.

Dr. Hyun-Joong Chung
Dr. Patricia Dolez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • E-textiles
  • Smart textiles
  • Materials and coatings for functional fibers
  • Printed electronics/sensors
  • Electronic yarns and novel fabric materials
  • Technology transfer from fibers to the garment
  • Sensor hardware system integration
  • Packaging, wearability and user-acceptance
  • Reliability, washability and durability
  • Energy harvesting and power storage
  • Hardware and software co-design
  • Wearable healthcare prototypes and applications
  • Rehabilitation, sensory monitoring and injury prevention
  • Applications to fashion industries
  • Internet of Things
  • System energy/power management

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3342 KiB  
Article
Printed Graphene, Nanotubes and Silver Electrodes Comparison for Textile and Structural Electronics Applications
by Agnieszka Tabaczyńska, Anna Dąbrowska and Marcin Słoma
Sensors 2021, 21(12), 4038; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21124038 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1965
Abstract
Due to the appearance of smart textiles and wearable electronics, the need for electro-conductive textiles and electro-conductive paths on textiles has become clear. In this article the results of a test of developed textile electro-conductive paths obtained by applying the method of screen [...] Read more.
Due to the appearance of smart textiles and wearable electronics, the need for electro-conductive textiles and electro-conductive paths on textiles has become clear. In this article the results of a test of developed textile electro-conductive paths obtained by applying the method of screen printing pastes containing silver nanoparticles and carbon (graphene, nanotubes, graphite) are presented. Conducted research included analysis of the adhesion test, as well as evaluation of the surface resistance before and after the washing and bending cycles. Obtained results indicated that the samples with the content of carbon nanotubes 3% by weight in PMMA on substrate made of aramid fibers (surface mass of 260 g/m2) were characterized by the best adhesion and the best resistance to washing and bending cycles. Such electro-conductive paths have potential to be used in smart clothing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Textile-Based Sensors: E-textiles, Devices, and Integrated Systems)
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14 pages, 4283 KiB  
Article
Ultrasensitive Strain Sensor Based on Pre-Generated Crack Networks Using Ag Nanoparticles/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) Hybrid Fillers and a Polyester Woven Elastic Band
by Yelin Ko, Ji-seon Kim, Chi Cuong Vu and Jooyong Kim
Sensors 2021, 21(7), 2531; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21072531 - 04 Apr 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4540
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors are receiving a great deal of interest owing to their prospective applications in monitoring various human activities. Among various efforts to enhance the sensitivity of strain sensors, pre-crack generation has been well explored for elastic polymers but rarely on textile [...] Read more.
Flexible strain sensors are receiving a great deal of interest owing to their prospective applications in monitoring various human activities. Among various efforts to enhance the sensitivity of strain sensors, pre-crack generation has been well explored for elastic polymers but rarely on textile substrates. Herein, a highly sensitive textile-based strain sensor was fabricated via a dip-coat-stretch approach: a polyester woven elastic band was dipped into ink containing single-walled carbon nanotubes coated with silver paste and pre-stretched to generate prebuilt cracks on the surface. Our sensor demonstrated outstanding sensitivity (a gauge factor of up to 3550 within a strain range of 1.5–5%), high stability and durability, and low hysteresis. The high performance of this sensor is attributable to the excellent elasticity and woven structure of the fabric substrate, effectively generating and propagating the prebuilt cracks. The strain sensor integrated into firefighting gloves detected detailed finger angles and cyclic finger motions, demonstrating its capability for subtle human motion monitoring. It is also noteworthy that this novel strategy is a very quick, straightforward, and scalable method of fabricating strain sensors, which is extremely beneficial for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Textile-Based Sensors: E-textiles, Devices, and Integrated Systems)
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25 pages, 9957 KiB  
Article
Inductive Textile Sensor Design and Validation for a Wearable Monitoring Device
by Astrid García Patiño and Carlo Menon
Sensors 2021, 21(1), 225; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21010225 - 01 Jan 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3273
Abstract
Textile sensors have gained attention for wearable devices, in which the most popular are the resistive textile sensor. However, these sensors present high hysteresis and a drift when stretched for long periods of time. Inductive textile sensors have been commonly used as antennas [...] Read more.
Textile sensors have gained attention for wearable devices, in which the most popular are the resistive textile sensor. However, these sensors present high hysteresis and a drift when stretched for long periods of time. Inductive textile sensors have been commonly used as antennas and plethysmographs, and their applications have been extended to measure heartbeat, wireless data transmission, and motion and gesture capturing systems. Inductive textile sensors have shown high reliability, stable readings, low production cost, and an easy manufacturing process. This paper presents the design and validation of an inductive strain textile sensor. The anthropometric dimensions of a healthy participant were used to define the maximum dimensions of the inductive textile sensor. The design of the inductive sensor was studied through theoretical calculations and simulations. Parameters such as height, width, area, perimeter, and number of complete loops were considered to calculate and evaluate the inductance value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Textile-Based Sensors: E-textiles, Devices, and Integrated Systems)
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Review

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27 pages, 3686 KiB  
Review
Energy Harvesting Materials and Structures for Smart Textile Applications: Recent Progress and Path Forward
by Patricia I. Dolez
Sensors 2021, 21(18), 6297; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21186297 - 20 Sep 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6111
Abstract
A major challenge with current wearable electronics and e-textiles, including sensors, is power supply. As an alternative to batteries, energy can be harvested from various sources using garments or other textile products as a substrate. Four different energy-harvesting mechanisms relevant to smart textiles [...] Read more.
A major challenge with current wearable electronics and e-textiles, including sensors, is power supply. As an alternative to batteries, energy can be harvested from various sources using garments or other textile products as a substrate. Four different energy-harvesting mechanisms relevant to smart textiles are described in this review. Photovoltaic energy harvesting technologies relevant to textile applications include the use of high efficiency flexible inorganic films, printable organic films, dye-sensitized solar cells, and photovoltaic fibers and filaments. In terms of piezoelectric systems, this article covers polymers, composites/nanocomposites, and piezoelectric nanogenerators. The latest developments for textile triboelectric energy harvesting comprise films/coatings, fibers/textiles, and triboelectric nanogenerators. Finally, thermoelectric energy harvesting applied to textiles can rely on inorganic and organic thermoelectric modules. The article ends with perspectives on the current challenges and possible strategies for further progress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Textile-Based Sensors: E-textiles, Devices, and Integrated Systems)
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20 pages, 2070 KiB  
Review
Textile-Based Sensors for Biosignal Detection and Monitoring
by Tomasz Blachowicz, Guido Ehrmann and Andrea Ehrmann
Sensors 2021, 21(18), 6042; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21186042 - 09 Sep 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6361
Abstract
Biosignals often have to be detected in sports or for medical reasons. Typical biosignals are pulse and ECG (electrocardiogram), breathing, blood pressure, skin temperature, oxygen saturation, bioimpedance, etc. Typically, scientists attempt to measure these biosignals noninvasively, i.e., with electrodes or other sensors, detecting [...] Read more.
Biosignals often have to be detected in sports or for medical reasons. Typical biosignals are pulse and ECG (electrocardiogram), breathing, blood pressure, skin temperature, oxygen saturation, bioimpedance, etc. Typically, scientists attempt to measure these biosignals noninvasively, i.e., with electrodes or other sensors, detecting electric signals, measuring optical or chemical information. While short-time measurements or monitoring of patients in a hospital can be performed by systems based on common rigid electrodes, usually containing a large amount of wiring, long-term measurements on mobile patients or athletes necessitate other equipment. Here, textile-based sensors and textile-integrated data connections are preferred to avoid skin irritations and other unnecessary limitations of the monitored person. In this review, we give an overview of recent progress in textile-based electrodes for electrical measurements and new developments in textile-based chemical and other sensors for detection and monitoring of biosignals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Textile-Based Sensors: E-textiles, Devices, and Integrated Systems)
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Other

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19 pages, 4749 KiB  
Perspective
Carbon Nanotube Wearable Sensors for Health Diagnostics
by Monika Rdest and Dawid Janas
Sensors 2021, 21(17), 5847; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21175847 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4079
Abstract
This perspective article highlights a recent surge of interest in the application of textiles containing carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors for human health monitoring. Modern life puts more and more pressure on humans, which translates into an increased number of various health disorders. Unfortunately, [...] Read more.
This perspective article highlights a recent surge of interest in the application of textiles containing carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors for human health monitoring. Modern life puts more and more pressure on humans, which translates into an increased number of various health disorders. Unfortunately, this effect either decreases the quality of life or shortens it prematurely. A possible solution to this problem is to employ sensors to monitor various body functions and indicate an upcoming disease likelihood at its early stage. A broad spectrum of materials is currently under investigation for this purpose, some of which already entered the market. One of the most promising materials in this field are CNTs. They are flexible and of high electrical conductivity, which can be modulated upon several forms of stimulation. The article begins with an illustration of techniques for how wearable sensors can be built from them. Then, their application potential for tracking various health parameters is presented. Finally, the article ends with a summary of this field’s progress and a vision of the key directions to domesticate this concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Textile-Based Sensors: E-textiles, Devices, and Integrated Systems)
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