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Infrared Spectroscopy for Biological Systems under Physical, Chemical and Biological Processes

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 3637

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Ministry of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR), Technical Technological Institute of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy
2. CISFA (Interuniversity Consortium of Applied Physical Sciences), Viale Ferdinando Stagno D' Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: biophysics; electromagnetic fields; spectroscopy; solar energy; astrophysics; topography
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Spectroscopic techniques are powerful tools for experimental investigation in the infrared (IR) region of organic systems of biophysical interest, such as biopolymers, proteins, cells, organs, and tissues during several processes, as these techniques can highlight, for instance, effects due to changes in temperature, pressure, oxidation, acidification, or exposure to microwaves, UV radiation, etc.

Furthermore, different spectroscopic techniques can couple with different system properties, to explore different spatial scales, to probe different system relaxation times, to highlight specific systems contributions thanks to chemical labeling, to follow the system kinetics, often guaranteeing great accuracy in measurements.

In many cases, the joint employment of different spectroscopic techniques can furnish a deep understanding of complex physical-chemical mechanisms interesting organic systems. For these reasons, spectroscopic techniques are widely employed in biomedicine to detect changes in molecular compositions and structures in organic tissues, for the diagnosis and the monitoring of various diseases.

In this framework, the proposed thematic issue will be a forum for researchers to highlight the new approaches in the applications of spectroscopy for the comprehension of unexplored behavioral mechanisms in organic matter.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

-Study of the secondary structure of proteins in the IR region

-Role of protectant molecules on the structural and dynamical properties of bio-structures

-Modeling biological interactions

-Response of cells and biomolecules to physical-chemical agents

-Behavior of biopolymers under external stresses

-Study of organic tissues and membranes in the IR region

-Diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases

-Study of the response of sick organs to pharmacological or physical treatments

Prof. Emanuele Calabrò
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Infrared spectroscopy
  • Spectroscopic techniques
  • Biological interactions
  • Response to physical-chemical agents
  • Dynamics of bio-structures.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2316 KiB  
Communication
Derivative Three-Dimensional Synchronous Fluorescence Analysis of Tear Fluid and Their Processing for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma
by Katarína Dubayová, Kristína Krajčíková, Mária Mareková and Vladimíra Tomečková
Sensors 2022, 22(15), 5534; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22155534 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1226
Abstract
Background: Sensitive and rapid diagnosis of the early stages of glaucoma from tear fluid is a great challenge for researchers. Methods: Tear fluid was analyzed using three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-SFS). Our previously published results briefly describe the main methods which applied the [...] Read more.
Background: Sensitive and rapid diagnosis of the early stages of glaucoma from tear fluid is a great challenge for researchers. Methods: Tear fluid was analyzed using three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-SFS). Our previously published results briefly describe the main methods which applied the second derivative to a selected synchronous spectrum Δλ = 110 nm in distinguishing between healthy subjects (CTRL) and patients with glaucoma (POAG). Results: In this paper, a novel strategy was used to evaluate three-dimensional spectra from the tear fluid database of our patients. A series of synchronous excitation spectra were processed as a front view and presented as a single curve showcasing the overall fluorescence profile of the tear fluid. The second derivative spectrum provides two parameters that can enhance the distinction between CTRL and POAG tear fluid. Conclusions: Combining different types of 3D-SFS data can offer interesting and useful diagnostic tools and it can be used as input for machine learning and process automation. Full article
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10 pages, 450 KiB  
Article
Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder
by Toshikazu Shinba, Nobutoshi Kariya, Saori Matsuda, Makoto Arai, Masanari Itokawa and Yoko Hoshi
Sensors 2022, 22(4), 1594; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s22041594 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1684
Abstract
Previous studies using various brain imaging methods have reported prefrontal blood flow disturbances in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. In both disorders, alterations of the resting blood flow, in addition to that of the activation in response to task load, [...] Read more.
Previous studies using various brain imaging methods have reported prefrontal blood flow disturbances in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. In both disorders, alterations of the resting blood flow, in addition to that of the activation in response to task load, have been shown, but the results are not consistent. The present study aimed to examine the anterior prefrontal hemoglobin concentration at the resting state in schizophrenia and depression using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR-TRS), which estimates the optical absorption coefficients and calculates the absolute concentrations of oxygenated (oxy-Hb), deoxygenated (deoxy-Hb), and total (total-Hb; sum of oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb) hemoglobin. Their ratios to systemic blood hemoglobin concentration (blood-Hb) were also assessed. In agreement with our previous data, total-Hb and total-Hb/blood-Hb in schizophrenia were significantly lower. The present study further revealed that both oxy-Hb/blood-Hb and deoxy-Hb/blood-Hb in schizophrenia were reduced. In depression, total-Hb, total-Hb/blood-Hb, oxy-Hb, and oxy-Hb/blood-Hb were higher than in schizophrenia and were not different from the control. The oxygen saturation (oxy-Hb/total-Hb), in addition to the optical pathlengths, did not show group differences. Lowered oxy-Hb/blood-Hb and deoxy-Hb/blood-Hb together with unchanged oxygen saturation may indicate that the prefrontal blood volume is reduced in schizophrenia. The present findings suggest that NIR-TRS is useful in analyzing the hemodynamic aspects of prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia and differentiating schizophrenia from depression. Full article
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