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State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "State-of-the-Art Sensors Technologies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2017) | Viewed by 73231

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A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

ESYCOM-ESIEE, University Gustave Eiffel, 77420 Champs-Sur-Marne, France
Interests: MEMS; RF MEMS; BioMEMS; micro-resonators; pressure sensors; piezoelectric sensors; micro-electrodes; bio-interfaces; bio-sensors; wireless sensor network; IoT; RFID; wearables
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art sensors technology in France. We invite research articles that will consolidate our understanding of the state-of-the-art in this area. The Special Issue will publish full research, review, and highly rated manuscripts addressing the above topic, including one of the above keywords.

Prof. Dr. Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
Prof. Dr. Gaelle Lissorgues
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mechanical sensors
  • MEMS
  • RF MEMS
  • MOEMS
  • Optoelectronic sensors
  • Optical sensors
  • Thermal sensors
  • Magnetic sensors
  • Pressure sensors
  • Inertial sensors
  • Resonant sensors
  • Cantilever sensors
  • Piezoelectric sensors
  • Thin film sensors
  • Medical sensors
  • BioMEMS
  • Environmental sensors
  • chemical sensors
  • gas sensors
  • biosensors
  • biochemical sensors
  • immunosensors
  • enzymatic sensors
  • affinity sensors
  • DNA sensors
  • analytical microsystems
  • electronic nose and tongue
  • impedance
  • conductometric sensors
  • ISFET
  • EGOFET
  • OFET
  • Sensor modelling

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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7229 KiB  
Article
Integration of P-CuO Thin Sputtered Layers onto Microsensor Platforms for Gas Sensing
by Lionel Presmanes, Yohann Thimont, Imane El Younsi, Audrey Chapelle, Frédéric Blanc, Chabane Talhi, Corine Bonningue, Antoine Barnabé, Philippe Menini and Philippe Tailhades
Sensors 2017, 17(6), 1409; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17061409 - 16 Jun 2017
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5035
Abstract
P-type semiconducting copper oxide (CuO) thin films deposited by radio-frequency (RF) sputtering were integrated onto microsensors using classical photolithography technologies. The integration of the 50-nm-thick layer could be successfully carried out using the lift-off process. The microsensors were tested with variable thermal sequences [...] Read more.
P-type semiconducting copper oxide (CuO) thin films deposited by radio-frequency (RF) sputtering were integrated onto microsensors using classical photolithography technologies. The integration of the 50-nm-thick layer could be successfully carried out using the lift-off process. The microsensors were tested with variable thermal sequences under carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), acetaldehyde (C2H4O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which are among the main pollutant gases measured by metal-oxide (MOS) gas sensors for air quality control systems in automotive cabins. Because the microheaters were designed on a membrane, it was then possible to generate very rapid temperature variations (from room temperature to 550 °C in only 50 ms) and a rapid temperature cycling mode could be applied. This measurement mode allowed a significant improvement of the sensor response under 2 and 5 ppm of acetaldehyde. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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3888 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Parametric Device with Innovative Solid Electrodes for Long-Term Monitoring of pH, Redox-Potential and Conductivity in a Nuclear Waste Repository
by Jordan Daoudi, Stephanie Betelu, Theodore Tzedakis, Johan Bertrand and Ioannis Ignatiadis
Sensors 2017, 17(6), 1372; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17061372 - 13 Jun 2017
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5225
Abstract
We present an innovative electrochemical probe for the monitoring of pH, redox potential and conductivity in near-field rocks of deep geological radioactive waste repositories. The probe is composed of a monocrystalline antimony electrode for pH sensing, four AgCl/Ag-based reference or Cl selective [...] Read more.
We present an innovative electrochemical probe for the monitoring of pH, redox potential and conductivity in near-field rocks of deep geological radioactive waste repositories. The probe is composed of a monocrystalline antimony electrode for pH sensing, four AgCl/Ag-based reference or Cl selective electrodes, one Ag2S/Ag-based reference or S2− selective electrode, as well as four platinum electrodes, a gold electrode and a glassy-carbon electrode for redox potential measurements. Galvanostatic electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy using AgCl/Ag-based and platinum electrodes measure conductivity. The use of such a multi-parameter probe provides redundant information, based as it is on the simultaneous behaviour under identical conditions of different electrodes of the same material, as well as on that of electrodes made of different materials. This identifies the changes in physical and chemical parameters in a solution, as well as the redox reactions controlling the measured potential, both in the solution and/or at the electrode/solution interface. Understanding the electrochemical behaviour of selected materials thus is a key point of our research, as provides the basis for constructing the abacuses needed for developing robust and reliable field sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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16818 KiB  
Article
High Dynamic Range Spectral Imaging Pipeline For Multispectral Filter Array Cameras
by Pierre-Jean Lapray, Jean-Baptiste Thomas and Pierre Gouton
Sensors 2017, 17(6), 1281; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17061281 - 03 Jun 2017
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 8006
Abstract
Spectral filter arrays imaging exhibits a strong similarity with color filter arrays. This permits us to embed this technology in practical vision systems with little adaptation of the existing solutions. In this communication, we define an imaging pipeline that permits high dynamic range [...] Read more.
Spectral filter arrays imaging exhibits a strong similarity with color filter arrays. This permits us to embed this technology in practical vision systems with little adaptation of the existing solutions. In this communication, we define an imaging pipeline that permits high dynamic range (HDR)-spectral imaging, which is extended from color filter arrays. We propose an implementation of this pipeline on a prototype sensor and evaluate the quality of our implementation results on real data with objective metrics and visual examples. We demonstrate that we reduce noise, and, in particular we solve the problem of noise generated by the lack of energy balance. Data are provided to the community in an image database for further research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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3826 KiB  
Article
Diazonium Salt-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Nanosensor: Detection and Quantitation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples
by Inga Tijunelyte, Stéphanie Betelu, Jonathan Moreau, Ioannis Ignatiadis, Catherine Berho, Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui, Erwann Guénin, Catalina David, Sébastien Vergnole, Emmanuel Rinnert and Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
Sensors 2017, 17(6), 1198; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17061198 - 24 May 2017
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 8048
Abstract
Here, we present a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanosensor for environmental pollutants detection. This study was conducted on three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), fluoranthene (FL), and naphthalene (NAP). SERS substrates were chemically functionalized using 4-dodecyl benzenediazonium-tetrafluoroborate and SERS analyses were conducted [...] Read more.
Here, we present a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanosensor for environmental pollutants detection. This study was conducted on three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), fluoranthene (FL), and naphthalene (NAP). SERS substrates were chemically functionalized using 4-dodecyl benzenediazonium-tetrafluoroborate and SERS analyses were conducted to detect the pollutants alone and in mixtures. Compounds were first measured in water-methanol (9:1 volume ratio) samples. Investigation on solutions containing concentrations ranging from 10−6 g L−1 to 10−3 g L−1 provided data to plot calibration curves and to determine the performance of the sensor. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 0.026 mg L−1 (10−7 mol L−1) for BaP, 0.064 mg L−1 (3.2 × 10−7 mol L−1) for FL, and 3.94 mg L−1 (3.1 × 10−5 mol L−1) for NAP, respectively. The correlation between the calculated LOD values and the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of the investigated PAHs suggests that the developed nanosensor is particularly suitable for detecting highly non-polar PAH compounds. Measurements conducted on a mixture of the three analytes (i) demonstrated the ability of the developed technology to detect and identify the three analytes in the mixture; (ii) provided the exact quantitation of pollutants in a mixture. Moreover, we optimized the surface regeneration step for the nanosensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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4782 KiB  
Article
Development of Diamond and Silicon MEMS Sensor Arrays with Integrated Readout for Vapor Detection
by Maira Possas-Abreu, Farbod Ghassemi, Lionel Rousseau, Emmanuel Scorsone, Emilie Descours and Gaelle Lissorgues
Sensors 2017, 17(6), 1163; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17061163 - 24 May 2017
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6235
Abstract
This paper reports on the development of an autonomous instrument based on an array of eight resonant microcantilevers for vapor detection. The fabricated sensors are label-free devices, allowing chemical and biological functionalization. In this work, sensors based on an array of silicon and [...] Read more.
This paper reports on the development of an autonomous instrument based on an array of eight resonant microcantilevers for vapor detection. The fabricated sensors are label-free devices, allowing chemical and biological functionalization. In this work, sensors based on an array of silicon and synthetic diamond microcantilevers are sensitized with polymeric films for the detection of analytes. The main advantage of the proposed system is that sensors can be easily changed for another application or for cleaning since the developed gas cell presents removable electrical connections. We report the successful application of our electronic nose approach to detect 12 volatile organic compounds. Moreover, the response pattern of the cantilever arrays is interpreted via principal component analysis (PCA) techniques in order to identify samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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4223 KiB  
Article
Highly Sensitive Sputtered ZnO:Ga Thin Films Integrated by a Simple Stencil Mask Process on Microsensor Platforms for Sub-ppm Acetaldehyde Detection
by Lionel Presmanes, Yohann Thimont, Audrey Chapelle, Frédéric Blanc, Chabane Talhi, Corine Bonningue, Antoine Barnabé, Philippe Menini and Philippe Tailhades
Sensors 2017, 17(5), 1055; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17051055 - 06 May 2017
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4946
Abstract
The integration of a 50-nm-thick layer of an innovative sensitive material on microsensors has been developed based on silicon micro-hotplates. In this study, integration of ZnO:Ga via radio-frequency (RF) sputtering has been successfully combined with a low cost and reliable stencil mask technique [...] Read more.
The integration of a 50-nm-thick layer of an innovative sensitive material on microsensors has been developed based on silicon micro-hotplates. In this study, integration of ZnO:Ga via radio-frequency (RF) sputtering has been successfully combined with a low cost and reliable stencil mask technique to obtain repeatable sensing layers on top of interdigitated electrodes. The variation of the resistance of this n-type Ga-doped ZnO has been measured under sub-ppm traces (500 ppb) of acetaldehyde (C2H4O). Thanks to the microheater designed into a thin membrane, the generation of very rapid temperature variations (from room temperature to 550 °C in 25 ms) is possible, and a rapid cycled pulsed-temperature operating mode can be applied to the sensor. This approach reveals a strong improvement of sensing performances with a huge sensitivity between 10 and 1000, depending on the working pulsed-temperature level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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2340 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Bending Stress on the Performance of Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) Magnetic Sensors
by Julie Nabias, Aktham Asfour and Jean-Paul Yonnet
Sensors 2017, 17(3), 640; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17030640 - 20 Mar 2017
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5175
Abstract
The flexibility of amorphous Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) micro wires makes them easy to use in several magnetic field sensing applications, such as electrical current sensing, where they need to be deformed in order to be aligned with the measured field. The present paper [...] Read more.
The flexibility of amorphous Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) micro wires makes them easy to use in several magnetic field sensing applications, such as electrical current sensing, where they need to be deformed in order to be aligned with the measured field. The present paper deals with the bending impact, as a parameter of influence of the sensor, on the GMI effect in 100 µm Co-rich amorphous wires. Changes in the values of key parameters associated with the GMI effect have been investigated under bending stress. These parameters included the GMI ratio, the intrinsic sensitivity, and the offset at a given bias field. The experimental results have shown that bending the wire resulted in a reduction of GMI ratio and sensitivity. The bending also induced a net change in the offset for the considered bending curvature and the set of used excitation parameters (1 MHz, 1 mA). Furthermore, the field of the maximum impedance, which is generally related to the anisotropy field of the wire, was increased. The reversibility and the repeatability of the bending effect were also evaluated by applying repetitive bending stresses. The observations have actually shown that the behavior of the wire under the bending stress was roughly reversible and repetitive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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Review

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8634 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Electrospun Nanofiber Interfaces for Biosensing Devices
by Eleni Sapountzi, Mohamed Braiek, Jean-François Chateaux, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault and Florence Lagarde
Sensors 2017, 17(8), 1887; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17081887 - 16 Aug 2017
Cited by 113 | Viewed by 10701
Abstract
Electrospinning has emerged as a very powerful method combining efficiency, versatility and low cost to elaborate scalable ordered and complex nanofibrous assemblies from a rich variety of polymers. Electrospun nanofibers have demonstrated high potential for a wide spectrum of applications, including drug delivery, [...] Read more.
Electrospinning has emerged as a very powerful method combining efficiency, versatility and low cost to elaborate scalable ordered and complex nanofibrous assemblies from a rich variety of polymers. Electrospun nanofibers have demonstrated high potential for a wide spectrum of applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, energy conversion and storage, or physical and chemical sensors. The number of works related to biosensing devices integrating electrospun nanofibers has also increased substantially over the last decade. This review provides an overview of the current research activities and new trends in the field. Retaining the bioreceptor functionality is one of the main challenges associated with the production of nanofiber-based biosensing interfaces. The bioreceptors can be immobilized using various strategies, depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of both bioreceptors and nanofiber scaffolds, and on their interfacial interactions. The production of nanobiocomposites constituted by carbon, metal oxide or polymer electrospun nanofibers integrating bioreceptors and conductive nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles) has been one of the major trends in the last few years. The use of electrospun nanofibers in ELISA-type bioassays, lab-on-a-chip and paper-based point-of-care devices is also highly promising. After a short and general description of electrospinning process, the different strategies to produce electrospun nanofiber biosensing interfaces are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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15249 KiB  
Review
France’s State of the Art Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors Qualified for the Monitoring of the French Underground Repository for High Level and Intermediate Level Long Lived Radioactive Wastes
by Sylvie Delepine-Lesoille, Sylvain Girard, Marcel Landolt, Johan Bertrand, Isabelle Planes, Aziz Boukenter, Emmanuel Marin, Georges Humbert, Stéphanie Leparmentier, Jean-Louis Auguste and Youcef Ouerdane
Sensors 2017, 17(6), 1377; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17061377 - 13 Jun 2017
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 7456
Abstract
This paper presents the state of the art distributed sensing systems, based on optical fibres, developed and qualified for the French Cigéo project, the underground repository for high level and intermediate level long-lived radioactive wastes. Four main parameters, namely strain, temperature, radiation and [...] Read more.
This paper presents the state of the art distributed sensing systems, based on optical fibres, developed and qualified for the French Cigéo project, the underground repository for high level and intermediate level long-lived radioactive wastes. Four main parameters, namely strain, temperature, radiation and hydrogen concentration are currently investigated by optical fibre sensors, as well as the tolerances of selected technologies to the unique constraints of the Cigéo’s severe environment. Using fluorine-doped silica optical fibre surrounded by a carbon layer and polyimide coating, it is possible to exploit its Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering signatures to achieve the distributed sensing of the temperature and the strain inside the repository cells of radioactive wastes. Regarding the dose measurement, promising solutions are proposed based on Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA) responses of sensitive fibres such as the P-doped ones. While for hydrogen measurements, the potential of specialty optical fibres with Pd particles embedded in their silica matrix is currently studied for this gas monitoring through its impact on the fibre Brillouin signature evolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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4369 KiB  
Review
A Versatile Electronic Tongue Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging and Cross-Reactive Sensor Arrays—A Mini-Review
by Laurie-Amandine Garçon, Maria Genua, Yanjie Hou, Arnaud Buhot, Roberto Calemczuk, Thierry Livache, Martial Billon, Christine Le Narvor, David Bonnaffé, Hugues Lortat-Jacob and Yanxia Hou
Sensors 2017, 17(5), 1046; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17051046 - 06 May 2017
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5615
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a strong demand for the development of new analytical devices with novel performances to improve the quality of our daily lives. In this context, multisensor systems such as electronic tongues (eTs) have emerged as promising alternatives. Recently, we have developed [...] Read more.
Nowadays, there is a strong demand for the development of new analytical devices with novel performances to improve the quality of our daily lives. In this context, multisensor systems such as electronic tongues (eTs) have emerged as promising alternatives. Recently, we have developed a new versatile eT system by coupling surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) with cross-reactive sensor arrays. In order to largely simplify the preparation of sensing materials with a great diversity, an innovative combinatorial approach was proposed by combining and mixing a small number of easily accessible molecules displaying different physicochemical properties. The obtained eT was able to generate 2D continuous evolution profile (CEP) and 3D continuous evolution landscape (CEL), which is also called 3D image, with valuable kinetic information, for the discrimination and classification of samples. Here, diverse applications of such a versatile eT have been summarized. It is not only effective for pure protein analysis, capable of differentiating protein isoforms such as chemokines CXCL12α and CXCL12γ, but can also be generalized for the analysis of complex mixtures, such as milk samples, with promising potential for monitoring the deterioration of milk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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2280 KiB  
Review
Synergetic Effects of Combined Nanomaterials for Biosensing Applications
by Michael Holzinger, Alan Le Goff and Serge Cosnier
Sensors 2017, 17(5), 1010; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s17051010 - 03 May 2017
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 5702
Abstract
Nanomaterials have become essential components for the development of biosensors since such nanosized compounds were shown to clearly increase the analytical performance. The improvements are mainly related to an increased surface area, thus providing an enhanced accessibility for the analyte, the compound to [...] Read more.
Nanomaterials have become essential components for the development of biosensors since such nanosized compounds were shown to clearly increase the analytical performance. The improvements are mainly related to an increased surface area, thus providing an enhanced accessibility for the analyte, the compound to be detected, to the receptor unit, the sensing element. Nanomaterials can also add value to biosensor devices due to their intrinsic physical or chemical properties and can even act as transducers for the signal capture. Among the vast amount of examples where nanomaterials demonstrate their superiority to bulk materials, the combination of different nano-objects with different characteristics can create phenomena which contribute to new or improved signal capture setups. These phenomena and their utility in biosensor devices are summarized in a non-exhaustive way where the principles behind these synergetic effects are emphasized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in France 2016)
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