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Bioenergy and Biofuels
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Bioenergy and Biofuels

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2020) | Viewed by 19286

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Karol Tucki

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Guest Editor
Department of Production Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 164, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: biofuels; engines; turbines; energy engineering; environment; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Olga Orynycz

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Guest Editor
Department of Production Management, Faculty of Engineering Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Street 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: energy technologies; energy modeling; technology management; sustainable development; manufacturing engineering; emission
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The condition of the fuel and energy sector reflects the state of the economy around the world. New technologies in the energy sector and management of its development together with a dynamically changing environment, as well as care for sustainable development and energy security, make the energy and automotive industry the most important sectors of the economy, whose dynamic development has been observed for many years. It should be emphasized that an important factor mobilizing the search for modern technologies, especially in energy and transport, is progressive climate change closely related to greenhouse gas emissions.
This Special Issue of Sustainability aims to provide a forum for the exchange of the latest technical and technological information, dissemination of high-quality research results, and presentation of the latest achievements in the field of bioenergy and biofuels, which can contribute to improving the wellbeing of society in the context of sustainable development.
This Special Edition deals with issues related to the reduction of CO2 emissions in the context of the use of biofuels and advanced energy systems based on renewable energy sources, as well as issues related to clean energy in the context of storage techniques and technologies. The contribution should reflect the latest research developments that are in line with the strategic development of global energy policy.

Dr. Karol Tucki
Dr. Olga Orynycz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Energy sector
  • Alternative fuels
  • Clean energy
  • Renewable energy sources

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 149 KiB  
Editorial
Bioenergy and Biofuels
by Karol Tucki and Olga Orynycz
Sustainability 2021, 13(17), 9972; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13179972 - 06 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1649
Abstract
Technology is setting strategic directions for change in the economy and industry [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioenergy and Biofuels)

Research

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21 pages, 2504 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Possibility of Fulfilling the Paris Agreement by the Visegrad Group Countries
by Karol Tucki, Małgorzata Krzywonos, Olga Orynycz, Adam Kupczyk, Anna Bączyk and Izabela Wielewska
Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 8826; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13168826 - 06 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2032
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the feasibility of implementing the Paris Agreement and the provisions regarding the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the EU through Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, i.e., the so-called Visegrad Group States [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to analyse the feasibility of implementing the Paris Agreement and the provisions regarding the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the EU through Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, i.e., the so-called Visegrad Group States (V4). The basis of the study was an in-depth analysis of the energy policies of the V4 countries, an analysis of energy generation structures, its consumption over the years, and an analysis of measures taken to improve energy efficiency. The analysis was performed as a function of the adopted targets for reducing CO2 emissions by 2020, with a prospect for 2030 and 2050. In all the analysed countries, the energy and heat production sectors were responsible for the highest carbon dioxide emissions. Among the analyzed countries, only Poland failed to meet its commitments regarding the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions adopted by 2020. The achievement of further goals in this area, despite the planned investments and undertaken actions, is also at risk Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioenergy and Biofuels)
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30 pages, 3625 KiB  
Article
Current (2020) and Long-Term (2035 and 2050) Sustainable Potentials of Wood Fuel in Switzerland
by Matthias Erni, Vanessa Burg, Leo Bont, Oliver Thees, Marco Ferretti, Golo Stadelmann and Janine Schweier
Sustainability 2020, 12(22), 9749; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12229749 - 23 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2921
Abstract
Wood fuel has become central in environmental policy and decision-making processes in cross-sectoral areas. Proper consideration of different types of woody biomass is fundamental in forming energy transition and decarbonization strategies. We quantified the development of theoretical (TPs) and sustainable (SPs) potentials of [...] Read more.
Wood fuel has become central in environmental policy and decision-making processes in cross-sectoral areas. Proper consideration of different types of woody biomass is fundamental in forming energy transition and decarbonization strategies. We quantified the development of theoretical (TPs) and sustainable (SPs) potentials of wood fuel from forests, trees outside forests, wood residues and waste wood in Switzerland for 2020, 2035 and 2050. Ecological and economic restrictions, timber market situations and drivers of future developments (area size, tree growth, wood characteristics, population growth, exporting/importing (waste wood)) were considered. We estimated a SP of wood fuel between 26.5 and 77.8 PJ/a during the three time points. Results demonstrate that the SP of wood fuel could be significantly increased already in the short term. This, as a moderate stock reduction (MSR) strategy in forests, can lead to large surpluses in SPs compared to the wood fuel already used today (~36 PJ/a), with values higher by 51% (+18.2 PJ) in 2020 and by 59% (+21.3 PJ) in 2035. To implement these surpluses (e.g., with a cascade approach), a more circular economy with sufficient processing capacities of the subsequent timber industries and the energy plants to convert the resources is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioenergy and Biofuels)
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Graphical abstract

21 pages, 3853 KiB  
Article
An Extensive Analysis of Biodiesel Blend Combustion Characteristics under a Wide-Range of Thermal Conditions of a Cooperative Fuel Research Engine
by Vu H. Nguyen, Minh Q. Duong, Kien T. Nguyen, Thin V. Pham and Phuong X. Pham
Sustainability 2020, 12(18), 7666; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12187666 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2499
Abstract
Examining the influence of thermal conditions in the engine cylinder at the start of fuel injection on engine combustion characteristics is critically important. This may help to understand physical and chemical processes occurring in engine cycles and this is relevant to both fossil [...] Read more.
Examining the influence of thermal conditions in the engine cylinder at the start of fuel injection on engine combustion characteristics is critically important. This may help to understand physical and chemical processes occurring in engine cycles and this is relevant to both fossil fuels and alternative fuels like biodiesels. In this study, six different biodiesel–diesel blends (B0, B10, B20, B40, B60 and B100 representing 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 100% by volume of biodiesel in the diesel–biodiesel mixtures, respectively) have been successfully tested in a cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine operating under a wide range of thermal conditions at the start of fuel injection. This is a standard cetane testing CFR-F5 engine, a special tool for fuel research. In this study, it was further retrofitted to investigate combustion characteristics along with standard cetane measurements for those biodiesel blends. The novel biodiesel has been produced from residues taken from a palm cooking oil manufacturing process. It is found that the cetane number of B100 is almost 30% higher than that of B0 and this could be attributed to the oxygen content in the biofuel. Under similar thermal conditions at the start of injection, it is observed that the influence of engine load on premixed combustion is minimal. This could be attributable to the well-controlled intake air temperature in this special engine and therefore the evaporation and mixing rate prior to the start of combustion is similar under different loading conditions. Owing to higher cetane number (CN), B100 is more reactive and auto-ignites up to 3 degrees of crank angle (DCA) earlier compared to B0. It is generally observed in this study that B10 shows a higher maximum value of in-cylinder pressure compared to that of B0 and B20. This could be evidence for lubricant enhancement when operating the engine with low-blending ratio mixtures like B10 in this case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioenergy and Biofuels)
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13 pages, 608 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Fractional Composition on the Mechanical Properties of Agglomerated Logging Residues
by Tomasz Nurek, Arkadiusz Gendek, Kamil Roman and Magdalena Dąbrowska
Sustainability 2020, 12(15), 6120; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12156120 - 29 Jul 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2083
Abstract
Fractional composition, as well as the temperature of the agglomeration process, affect the quality and mechanical properties of briquettes. In this research, shredded forest logging residues were investigated. Compaction tests were carried out for several specially prepared mixtures made of shares of fractions [...] Read more.
Fractional composition, as well as the temperature of the agglomeration process, affect the quality and mechanical properties of briquettes. In this research, shredded forest logging residues were investigated. Compaction tests were carried out for several specially prepared mixtures made of shares of fractions with different particle sizes. The moisture content, density of briquettes, specific work of compaction, mechanical durability, and biomass susceptibility to compaction were analyzed. Studies have confirmed the significant impact of the fractional composition of compacted biomass on its susceptibility to process parameters and the quality of the final product. Statistical analysis confirmed that the density of the briquette, its durability, the specific work of compaction, and the susceptibility of the tested biomass to compaction strongly depend on the particle size of the compacted biomass. An increase in temperature to 73 °C increased specific work by 40% and contributed to the high quality of briquettes in the range from 0.768 to 1.14 g·cm−3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioenergy and Biofuels)
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Review

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28 pages, 1535 KiB  
Review
Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review
by Zahra Shokravi, Hoofar Shokravi, Ong Hwai Chyuan, Woei Jye Lau, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor, Michal Petrů and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 9083; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12219083 - 31 Oct 2020
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 6998
Abstract
Microalgae have received widespread interest owing to their potential in biofuel production. However, economical microalgal biomass production is conditioned by enhancing the lipid accumulation without decreasing growth rate or by increasing both simultaneously. While extensive investigation has been performed on promoting the economic [...] Read more.
Microalgae have received widespread interest owing to their potential in biofuel production. However, economical microalgal biomass production is conditioned by enhancing the lipid accumulation without decreasing growth rate or by increasing both simultaneously. While extensive investigation has been performed on promoting the economic feasibility of microalgal-based biofuel production that aims to increase the productivity of microalgae species, only a handful of them deal with increasing lipid productivity (based on lipid contents and growth rate) in the feedstock production process. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advances and novel approaches in promoting lipid productivity (depends on biomass and lipid contents) in feedstock production from strain selection to after-harvesting stages. The current study comprises two parts. In the first part, bilateral improving biomass/lipid production will be investigated in upstream measures, including strain selection, genetic engineering, and cultivation stages. In the second part, the enhancement of lipid productivity will be discussed in the downstream measure included in the harvesting and after-harvesting stages. An integrated approach involving the strategies for increasing lipid productivity in up- and down-stream measures can be a breakthrough approach that would promote the commercialization of market-driven microalgae-derived biofuel production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioenergy and Biofuels)
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