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Sustainability
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Carbon Storage, Accumulation, Decomposition and Emission in Mangroves
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Carbon Storage, Accumulation, Decomposition and Emission in Mangroves

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Resources and Sustainable Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 5910

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiaoguang Ouyang

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Guest Editor
Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
Interests: mangrove ecology; estuarine ecology; climate change
Prof. Cyril Marchand

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Guest Editor
University of New Caledonia, New Caledonia
Interests: mangrove; carbon cycling; sedimentology; geochemistry; ecology; climate change
Prof. Dr. Luzhen Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
Interests: mangrove ecosystem; global change; surface elevation change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is a growing need to reach the target of carbon neutrality around the world. Mangroves are known to be highly efficient in sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and accumulating carbon in sediments for millennia.

Currently, both challenges and opportunities exist for mangroves as natural mitigation alternatives for climate change. Though mangroves are still lost and/or degraded due to anthropogenic activities (such as deforestation, land use change, pollution, and human-induced species invasion) and climate change (such as sea level rise and extreme weather events), mangrove reforestation and rehabilitation have been launched in many countries over the world. However, we still have limited knowledge regarding how global changes will regulate carbon cycling processes in mangroves.

This Special Issue aims to discuss carbon storage, accumulation, decomposition, and emissions in mangroves in a changing world.

We welcome manuscripts on the following themes (note that this list is not exhaustive):

  • Carbon storage and sequestration (sediment, biomass or ecosystem);
  • Sediment carbon accumulation;
  • Litter decomposition;
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from sediment/water interfaces or bioturbation;
  • Dissolved carbon in porewater or mangrove waters.

We invite you to contribute to this issue by submitting research articles, reviews, communications, and concept papers pertaining to the topics. Though our aim is rapid and wide dissemination of research results, developments, and applications, papers submitted to this Special Issue will still be subject to a rigorous peer review.

Dr. Xiaoguang Ouyang
Prof. Cyril Marchand
Prof. Dr. Luzhen Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mangroves
  • carbon cycling
  • carbon storage
  • carbon accumulation
  • litter decomposition
  • greenhouse gas emission
  • anthropogenic activities
  • climate change

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2102 KiB  
Article
The ‘Perfect’ Conversion: Dramatic Increase in CO2 Efflux from Shellfish Ponds and Mangrove Conversion in China
by Xiaoguang Ouyang, Shingyip Lee and Wenqing Wang
Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13163; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132313163 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1878
Abstract
Aquaculture, particularly shellfish ponds, has expanded dramatically and become a major cause of mangrove deforestation and “blue carbon” loss in China. We present the first study to examine CO2 efflux from marine aquaculture/shellfish ponds and in relation to land-use change from mangrove [...] Read more.
Aquaculture, particularly shellfish ponds, has expanded dramatically and become a major cause of mangrove deforestation and “blue carbon” loss in China. We present the first study to examine CO2 efflux from marine aquaculture/shellfish ponds and in relation to land-use change from mangrove forests in China. Light and dark sediment CO2 efflux from shellfish ponds averaged at 0.61 ± 0.07 and 0.90 ± 0.12 kg CO2 m−2 yr−1 (= 37.67 ± 4.89 and 56.0 ± 6.13 mmol m−2 d−1), respectively. The corresponding rates (−4.21 ± 4.54 and 41.01 ± 4.15 mmol m−2 d−1) from the adjacent mangrove forests that were devoid of aquaculture wastewater were lower, while those from the adjacent mangrove forests (3.48 ± 7.83 and 73.02 ± 5.76 mmol m−2 d−1)) receiving aquaculture wastewater markedly increased. These effluxes are significantly higher than those reported for mangrove forests to date, which is attributable to the high nutrient levels and the physical disturbance of the substrate associated with the aquaculture operation. A rise of 1 °C in the sediment temperature resulted in a 6.56% rise in CO2 released from the shellfish ponds. Combined with pond area data, the total CO2 released from shellfish ponds in 2019 was estimated to be ~12 times that in 1983. The total annual CO2 emission from shellfish ponds associated with mangrove conversion reached 2–5 Tg, offsetting the C storage by mangrove forests in China. These are significant environmental consequences rather than just a simple shift of land use. Around 30% higher CO2 emissions are expected from aquaculture ponds (including shellfish ponds) compared to shellfish ponds alone. Total annual CO2 emission from shellfish ponds will likely decrease to the level reported in early 1980 under the pond area-shrinking scenario, but it will be more than doubled under the business-as-usual scenario projected for 2050. This study highlights the necessity of curbing the expansion of aquaculture ponds in valuable coastal wetlands and increasing mangrove restoration to abandoned ponds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Storage, Accumulation, Decomposition and Emission in Mangroves)
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10 pages, 2642 KiB  
Article
Role of Mangrove Rehabilitation and Protection Plans on Carbon Storage in Yanbu Industrial City, Saudi Arabia: A Case Study
by Sarah M. Al-Guwaiz, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Ghazi A. Al-Gehni, Mohammad Faisal, Ahmed A. Qahtan and Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13149; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132313149 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3062
Abstract
Mangroves are one of the main considerations that might be used to mitigate the effects of climate change in coastal areas. Mangrove populations can be affected by industrial and civil activities on coasts. According to the Kyoto Protocol, protection and rehabilitation programs may [...] Read more.
Mangroves are one of the main considerations that might be used to mitigate the effects of climate change in coastal areas. Mangrove populations can be affected by industrial and civil activities on coasts. According to the Kyoto Protocol, protection and rehabilitation programs may play a pivotal role in conserving mangroves in industrial areas. Therefore, this study was designed to examine and evaluate the possible impact of conservation plans, implemented by the Royal Commission of Yanbu, in preserving mangrove trees’ ability to store carbon in the soil. Soil and plant samples were collected from three distinct locations, including a mangrove conservation site in Yanbu and natural unprotected sites in Umluj and Ar-Rayis. Organic-carbon (OC) stock, in both soil and plants, was calculated. Our results showed that at different depths, soil bulk density (SBD) in Yanbu ranged between 0.32–0.94 g cm−3. In Ar-Rayis and Umluj, SBD ranged between 1.43 to 1.99 and 0.90 to 1.57g cm−3, respectively. The average SBD values in Yanbu, Umluj, and Ar-Rayis were 0.68, 1.71, and 1.20 g cm−3, respectively. Similarly, the average soil OC density in Yanbu, Umluj, and Ar-Rayis was 165.19, 30.82, and 18.90 g C cm−3, respectively. Generally, the conserved mangrove tress grown in Yanbu industrial city showed higher (P ≤ 0.001) soil OC stock (0.39 t C ha−1) compared to the unprotected trees grown in Umluj (0.12 t C ha−1) and Ar-Rayis (0.11 t C ha−1) cities. Similarly, the highest (P ≤ 0.001) plant OC stocks (13.93 t C ha−1) were observed in protected mangroves of Yanbu, compared to the plant OC stocks observed in Umluj (8.06 t C ha−1) and Ar-Rayis (8.80 t C ha−1) cities. The results of the current study showed that the protected mangrove trees grown in Yanbu industrial city store more carbon in their sediments than those grown in the Umluj and Ar-Rayis sites without conservation or rehabilitation. These findings may provide evidence for the beneficial role of protecting mangrove forests in mitigating the effects of climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Storage, Accumulation, Decomposition and Emission in Mangroves)
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