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Co-optimisation of CO2 Storage and Hydrocarbon Recovery

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2022) | Viewed by 11787

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fatemeh Kamali

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Guest Editor

School of Petroleum Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Interests: enhanced oil and gas recovery; carbon sequestration; reservoir simulation; techno-economic analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere is the major known reason for global warming or climate change. However, the total replacement of fossil fuels (as the primary source of CO₂ emission) with renewable energy is impossible in the near term because of the major share of fossil fuel in energy generation and the societal need to access energy for technology and economic development. Geological storage of CO₂ is a technically proven method and currently the best solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and therefore develop a sustainable environment.

Several types of geological formations can be used for CO₂ storage, including oil, gas, and coal bed methane reservoirs and saline aquifers, which have CO₂ storage capabilities for millions of years. CO₂ storage into oil and gas reservoirs, and coal bed methane reservoirs are economically more feasible due to the revenue associated with enhanced oil or gas recovery (EOR/EGR/ECBM).

Several factors need to be considered to co-optimise CO₂ storage and hydrocarbon recovery to achieve technical and economic success and environmental sustainability. These factors include reservoir characterisation and understanding the reservoir geology, access to an affordable supply of CO₂, the size of the target reservoir, metering and monitoring pressures and flow rates at injection and production wells, operational risk assessment and safety performance, economics, and considering alternatives injection scenarios to increase the amount of CO₂ trapped during enhanced hydrocarbon recovery.

We invite contributions on innovative technical developments, case studies, analysis, reviews, and assessments, which are relevant to CO₂ storage and hydrocarbon recovery. This Special Issue focuses on but is not limited to CO₂ storage in oil and gas reservoirs, storage capacity assessments, reservoir characterisation, fluid flow behaviour, geochemical reactions and reservoir response during and after CO₂ injection, enhanced hydrocarbon recovery methods, co-optimising CO₂ EOR/EGR/ECBM, and storage and technoeconomic analysis.

Dr. Fatemeh Kamali
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

CO₂ storage
CO₂ utilisation
CO₂ EOR/EGR/ECBM
CCUS
storage capacity
enhanced oil recovery
enhanced gas recovery
coal bed methane reservoirs
gas injection
reservoir simulation and modelling
experimental studies
techno-economic analysis
climate change
global warming
sustainable environment

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5174 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Laboratory Approach to Measure Enhanced Gas Recovery from a Tight Gas Reservoir during Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Injection

by Rahmad Syah, Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh, Karina Shamilyevna Nurgalieva, John William Grimaldo Guerrero, Mahyuddin K. M. Nasution, Afshin Davarpanah, Dadan Ramdan and Ahmed Sayed M. Metwally

Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 11606; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132111606 - 20 Oct 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2757

Abstract

Supercritical carbon dioxide injection in tight reservoirs is an efficient and prominent enhanced gas recovery method, as it can be more mobilized in low-permeable reservoirs due to its molecular size. This paper aimed to perform a set of laboratory experiments to evaluate the impacts of permeability and water saturation on enhanced gas recovery, carbon dioxide storage capacity, and carbon dioxide content during supercritical carbon dioxide injection. It is observed that supercritical carbon dioxide provides a higher gas recovery increase after the gas depletion drive mechanism is carried out in low permeable core samples. This corresponds to the feasible mobilization of the supercritical carbon dioxide phase through smaller pores. The maximum gas recovery increase for core samples with 0.1 mD is about 22.5%, while gas recovery increase has lower values with the increase in permeability. It is about 19.8%, 15.3%, 12.1%, and 10.9% for core samples with 0.22, 0.36, 0.54, and 0.78 mD permeability, respectively. Moreover, higher water saturations would be a crucial factor in the gas recovery enhancement, especially in the final pore volume injection, as it can increase the supercritical carbon dioxide dissolving in water, leading to more displacement efficiency. The minimum carbon dioxide storage for 0.1 mD core samples is about 50%, while it is about 38% for tight core samples with the permeability of 0.78 mD. By decreasing water saturation from 0.65 to 0.15, less volume of supercritical carbon dioxide is involved in water, and therefore, carbon dioxide storage capacity increases. This is indicative of a proper gas displacement front in lower water saturation and higher gas recovery factor. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the gas production mechanism and crucial parameters that affect gas recovery from tight reservoirs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-optimisation of CO2 Storage and Hydrocarbon Recovery)

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17 pages, 21385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Geomechanical and Fault Activation Modeling during CO₂ Injection into Deep Minjur Reservoir, Eastern Saudi Arabia

by Sikandar Khan, Yehia Khulief, Abdullatif Al-Shuhail, Salem Bashmal and Naveed Iqbal

Sustainability 2020, 12(23), 9800; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12239800 - 24 Nov 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2760

Abstract

The release of large quantities of CO₂ into the atmosphere is one of the major causes of global warming. The most viable method to control the level of CO₂ in the atmosphere is to capture and permanently sequestrate the excess amount of CO₂ in subsurface geological reservoirs. The injection of CO₂ gives rise to pore pressure buildup. It is crucial to monitor the rising pore pressure in order to prevent the potential failure of the reservoir and the subsequent leakage of the stored CO₂ into the overburden layers, and then back to the atmosphere. In this paper, the Minjur sandstone reservoir in eastern Saudi Arabia was considered for establishing a coupled geomechanical model and performing the corresponding stability analysis. During the geomechanical modeling process, the fault passing through the Minjur and Marrat layers was also considered. The injection-induced pore-pressure and ground uplift profiles were calculated for the case of absence of a fault across the reservoir, as well as the case with a fault. The stability analysis was performed using the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. In the current study, the excessive increase in pore pressure, in the absence of geological faults, moved the reservoir closer to the failure envelope, but in the presence of geological faults, the reservoir reached to the failure envelope and the faults were activated. The developed geomechanical model provided estimates for the safe injection parameters of CO₂ based on the magnitudes of the reservoir pore pressure and stresses in the reservoir. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-optimisation of CO2 Storage and Hydrocarbon Recovery)

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Review

Jump to: Research

13 pages, 1184 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Critical Review on Mathematical Descriptions to Study Flux Processes and Environmental-Related Interactions of Mangroves

by Jefferson Brooks, Miguel Chen Austin, Dafni Mora and Nathalia Tejedor-Flores

Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6970; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13126970 - 21 Jun 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2077

Abstract

Trees are resources that provide multiple benefits, such as the conservation of fauna, both terrestrial and marine, a source of food and raw material, and offering protection in storms, which makes it practical to understand their behavior against different phenomena. Such understanding may be possible through process modeling. Studies confirm that mangrove forests can store more carbon than other forests, influencing the fight against global warming. Thus, a critical and systematic review was carried out regarding studies focusing on mangroves to collect information on the models that have been applied and the most influential variables highlighted by other authors. Applying a systematic search for the most relevant topics related to mangroves (basic as well as recent information), it is possible to group models and methods carried out by other authors to respond to certain behaviors presented by mangroves. Moreover, possible structuring of a mathematical model applied to a species of interest thanks to the analyzed references could provide justified information to the authorities on the importance of these forests and the benefits of their preservation and regeneration-recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-optimisation of CO2 Storage and Hydrocarbon Recovery)

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26 pages, 534 KiB

Open AccessReview

Reserves Estimation for Coalbed Methane Reservoirs: A Review

by Ali Altowilib, Ahmed AlSaihati, Hussain Alhamood, Saad Alafnan and Sulaiman Alarifi

Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10621; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su122410621 - 18 Dec 2020

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3413

Abstract

A continuous growth in the global economy and population requires a sustainable energy supply. Maximizing recovery factor out of the naturally occurring hydrocarbons resources has been an active area of continuous development to meet the globally increasing demand for energy. Coalbed methane (CBM), which is one of the primary resources of natural gas, associates complex storage mechanisms and requires some advanced recovery techniques, rendering conventional reserve assessment methods insufficient. This work presents a literature review on CBM in different aspects. This includes rock characteristics such as porosity, permeability, adsorption capacity, adsorption isotherm, and coal classification. In addition, CBM reservoirs are compared to conventional reservoirs in terms of reservoir quality, reservoir properties, accumulation, and water/gas saturation and production. Different topics that contribute to the production of CBM reservoirs are also discussed. This includes production mechanisms, well spacing, well completion, and petrophysical interpretations. The main part of this work sheds a light on the available techniques to determine initial-gas-in-place in CBM reservoirs such as volumetric, decline curve, and material balance. It also presents the pros and cons of each technique. Lastly, common development and economic challenges in CBM fields are listed in addition to environmental concerns. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-optimisation of CO2 Storage and Hydrocarbon Recovery)

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