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Sustainability and Digital Transformation: The New Challenges of the Construction Industry

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 29137

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Construction Management, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: digital transformation; digitization; building information modeling (BIM); modular construction; delivery platforms; supply chain; project management; benefits realization management

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Guest Editor
Chair of Construction Management in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
Interests: construction management; technology of construction works; construction cost analyses; construction cost management; applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in construction management; building information modelling (BIM)
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Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The construction industry is among the least digitized (McKinsey, 2016). Nevertheless, the industry is the largest in the world, representing circa 13 percent of global GDP. Construction has shown a productivity growth of 1 percent annually for the past two decades, where overruns of time and cost are default. Risk is significant, and overall earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) are bellow 5 percent. Now with the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, the industry may return back to a depression and a vulnerable economic cycle. The industry is more than ready and desperate for disruption and change.

While the construction sector has been slow to adopt innovations in processes and organization, in general, it has not yet embraced new digital technologies. Thus, R&D spending is well behind that of other industries, running at less than 1 percent of revenues, versus 3.5 to 4.5 percent for the auto and aerospace sectors. Unfortunately, this is more than evident in spending on information technology. Although numerous software applications have emerged over the last few years, the sector accounts for less than 1 percent of revenues for construction.

Usually, the digital transformation route leads to disruptive changes which require adoption of new technologies but also require the implementation of a much wider change. This involves numerous aspects relating to the organizational structure and processes and, above all, to the organizational culture. The most tangible changes that digital transformation may bring are a manufacture-led approach to construction and digital platforms, automatic control of production processes, the introduction of robots that support and gradually replace manual labor, the implementation of predictive models for project decision making, a new concept of the relationship with stakeholders, etc. In summary, the impact of the digital transformation will be significant for all company business functions.

Over the last decade, BIM has proudly stood as an enabler of change in construction. It represents the use of a shared digital representation of a built asset to facilitate design, construction, and operation processes to form a reliable basis for decisions (BS EN ISO 19650-1:2018). BIM facilitates early supply chain and operational team involvement and thus unlocks more efficient and transparent ways of concept, planning, designing, creating, and maintaining built assets over their whole lifecycle. However, despite its popularity, BIM without a sustainable digital transformation of process and organization has little chance for long-term success and sustainable business. For these reasons, digital transformation needs to be understood as part of an organizational strategy with the aim to create value on the entire value chain.

The objective of this call is to develop and demonstrate both theoretical and practical insights that will enable the exploitation of new and emerging digital technologies, data, and analytics to enhance the built environment, thereby driving up commercial competitiveness and productivity of the construction industry.

Specific topics include but are not limited to:

  • Digital transformation of construction processes and organization;
  • Managerial and organizational implications of digitalization;
  • Next-generation building information modeling (BIM) platforms;
  • Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things in asset management;
  • Digital twins and smarter cities;
  • Manufacture-led approach to construction and digital platforms;
  • Designing and building with materials of future;
  • Digital collaboration, from paper to projects, from office to workforce;
  • Digital construction and manufacturing skills.

Assoc. Prof. Mladen Vukomanovic
Assist. Prof. Michał Juszczyk
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digital transformation
  • construction industry
  • BIM
  • Industry 4.0
  • digital twins
  • digital platforms
  • materials of future

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2514 KiB  
Article
Analyzing the Level of Detail of Construction Schedule for Enabling Site Logistics Planning (SLP) in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) Environment
by Sonja Kolarić, Mladen Vukomanović and Antonio Ramljak
Sustainability 2022, 14(11), 6701; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su14116701 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3133
Abstract
As Building Information Modeling (BIM) becomes the predominant technology in the construction industry, contractors, amongst other activities, need to conduct Site Logistics Planning (SLP) in the BIM environment during different project phases. 4D BIM modelling is an important step towards developing BIM models [...] Read more.
As Building Information Modeling (BIM) becomes the predominant technology in the construction industry, contractors, amongst other activities, need to conduct Site Logistics Planning (SLP) in the BIM environment during different project phases. 4D BIM modelling is an important step towards developing BIM models ready for the construction execution phase. However, in developing such models, currently no standard exist which would guide contractors towards a thorough analyses of site logistics. Moreover, there is a scarcity of studies and research on level of detail of construction schedules, which makes SLP hard to implement in a BIM environment. We addressed this problem by employing a case-study method for understanding how 4D BIM models should be designed to enable effective SLP and dynamic site layout creation. The results show that the following input data for SLP in the BIM environment is needed: hierarchically structured 3D BIM model, Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), detail schedule, resources constraints, and defined onsite temporary facilities. Additionally, we have found that the activities should be further divided into work operations to enable SLP. Our results enable contractors to create a dynamic site layout according to the BIM principles. Moreover, the findings are an initial step for the further standardization of the BIM model for the SLP in the BIM environment. Full article
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20 pages, 9115 KiB  
Article
Integration of Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program and Project Management Tool to Support Sustainable Cost-Optimal Construction Scheduling
by Borna Dasović and Uroš Klanšek
Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 12173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132112173 - 04 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2483
Abstract
This paper presents the integration of mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) and project management tool (PMT) to support sustainable cost-optimal construction scheduling. An integrated structure of a high-level system for exact optimization and PMT was created. To ensure data compatibility between the optimization system [...] Read more.
This paper presents the integration of mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) and project management tool (PMT) to support sustainable cost-optimal construction scheduling. An integrated structure of a high-level system for exact optimization and PMT was created. To ensure data compatibility between the optimization system and PMT and to automate the process of obtaining a cost-optimal schedule, a data transformation tool (DTT) was developed within a spreadsheet application. The suggested system can determine: (i) an optimal project schedule with associated network diagram and Gantt chart in continuous or discrete time units; (ii) optimal critical and non-critical activities, including their early start, late start, early finish, late finish along with total and free slack times; and (iii) minimum total project cost along with the allocation of direct and indirect costs. The system provides functionalities such as: (i) MINLP can be updated, and schedules can be re-optimized; (ii) the optimal schedule can be saved as a baseline to track changes; (iii) different optimization algorithms can be engaged whereby switching between them does not require model changes; (iv) PMT can be used to track task completion in the optimized schedule; (v) calendar settings can be changed; and (vi) visual reports can be generated to support efficient project management. Results of cost-optimal project scheduling are given in a conventional PMT environment, which raises the possibility that the proposed system will be more widely used in practice. Integration of MINLP and PMT allows each software to be used for what it was initially designed. Their combination leads to additional information and features of optimized construction schedules that would be significantly more difficult to achieve if used separately. Application examples are given in the paper to show the advantages of the proposed approach. Full article
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25 pages, 36058 KiB  
Article
Challenges for Digitalisation in Building Renovation to Enhance the Efficiency of the Process: A Spanish Case Study
by Natalia Lasarte, Peru Elguezabal, Maialen Sagarna, Iñigo Leon and Juan Pedro Otaduy
Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 12139; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132112139 - 03 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2732
Abstract
Although construction is one of the largest industries in the world, it is one of the least digitised and its productivity is still very low. Excesses of time and cost are common and are even more accentuated for building renovation. Recently, the building [...] Read more.
Although construction is one of the largest industries in the world, it is one of the least digitised and its productivity is still very low. Excesses of time and cost are common and are even more accentuated for building renovation. Recently, the building information modeling (BIM) methodology has strongly entered in the construction sector and appears to be an effective paradigm shift. Considering all of the previously mentioned aspects, this article addresses the identification and analysis of the critical barriers of renovation and the potential for digitalisation to overcome them using BIM. The methodology that was used is based on an open innovation approach called Living Labs, where consultations with the key stakeholders of the construction process aims for a higher digitalisation to focus on real needs and fitted to the user’s requirements. Starting from a worldwide survey, the analysis of the Spanish casuistry is deepened. From the analysis of barriers and opportunities, the necessary requirements for an optimal BIM application in renovation are highlighted. After identifying the key aspects that each stakeholder’ typology has considered as relevant, a set of key performance indicators have been selected, to monitor the improvements in the renovation process when BIM is adopted. Full article
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18 pages, 714 KiB  
Article
Impact of Construction Project Managers’ Emotional Intelligence on Project Success
by Alessandra Montenegro, Marina Dobrota, Marija Todorovic, Teodora Slavinski and Vladimir Obradovic
Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10804; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su131910804 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5893
Abstract
Numerous authors are persistent in investigating the competency profile of the ideal construction project manager in order to decrease the failure rate of construction projects. There is evidence for the change in construction project management, from traditional practices to practices more focused on [...] Read more.
Numerous authors are persistent in investigating the competency profile of the ideal construction project manager in order to decrease the failure rate of construction projects. There is evidence for the change in construction project management, from traditional practices to practices more focused on people and working relationships. The literature demonstrates a positive correlation between project manager’s Emotional intelligence and project success but less is written about the mechanisms that interfere with that relationship. Furthermore, project manager’s relationships with stakeholders are recognized as an important determinant of project success in the construction industry. Considering the above facts, this study was motivated to examine how the construction project manager’s emotional intelligence influences project success, and whether the relations with internal and external stakeholders interfere as mediators in that relationship. In the conducted research, 110 project managers participated. The results demonstrate that the emotional intelligence of construction project managers significantly influences the project success and that internal and external stakeholder relationships play an important role as mediators among them. Moreover, it is found that some components of EI have more significant influence on stakeholder relationships and project success and that internal and external relationships in different amounts affect components of project success. Full article
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24 pages, 1209 KiB  
Article
Design Guideline for Flexible Industrial Buildings Integrating Industry 4.0 Parameters
by Julia Reisinger, Patrick Hollinsky and Iva Kovacic
Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10627; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su131910627 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2987
Abstract
The emergence of Industry 4.0 can contribute to sustainable development, but most concepts have not yet received much attention in industrial building design. Industry 4.0 aims to realize production in batch size of one and product individualization on demand. Constant reconfiguration and expansion [...] Read more.
The emergence of Industry 4.0 can contribute to sustainable development, but most concepts have not yet received much attention in industrial building design. Industry 4.0 aims to realize production in batch size of one and product individualization on demand. Constant reconfiguration and expansion of production systems demand highly flexible building structures to prolong service life and reduce economic and environmental impacts. However, most research and tools focus on either production system or building optimization. There is a lack of holistic approaches that combine these two aspects. This paper presents a systematic design guideline for flexible industrial buildings towards the requirements of Industry 4.0, integrating building and production planning. The methodology employs literature research and a multiple case study based on expert interviews. The design guideline is presented in the form of a categorized parameter catalogue that classifies the results, on the one hand, into the levels of (O) objectives, (T) technical parameters and (P) planning process, and on the other hand, into (S) success factors, (I) suggestions for improvement and (D) deficits. The findings identify flexibility, structural design parameters and an integrated computational design approach at early design stage as potential success factors for integrated industrial building design (IIBD). The results set the basis to develop a multi-objective optimization and decision-making support tool for IIBD in future research. Full article
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Review

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27 pages, 2980 KiB  
Review
Realizing the Need for Digital Transformation of Stakeholder Management: A Systematic Review in the Construction Industry
by Kristijan Robert Prebanić and Mladen Vukomanović
Sustainability 2021, 13(22), 12690; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su132212690 - 16 Nov 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 9061
Abstract
The construction industry is among the least digitized industries, and the lack of innovation in construction project management practices has led to decreases in productivity. The European Directives for Public Procurement are pushing the entire construction supply chain towards more radical digital transformations [...] Read more.
The construction industry is among the least digitized industries, and the lack of innovation in construction project management practices has led to decreases in productivity. The European Directives for Public Procurement are pushing the entire construction supply chain towards more radical digital transformations over the next years, and project managers are left with the difficult task to harness ICT for the involvement and management of project stakeholders. Digitalization of various processes and practices used to manage stakeholders in construction projects is still low, and part of this problem lies in weak systematization of ICT systems which support these practices. Thus, this paper provides a systematic review of how digitalization and digital transformation affect the way stakeholders behave, engage, and communicate in projects. Following the PRISMA methodology, 73 sources from the literature were chosen for the final analysis. Results are presented through descriptive and qualitative content analysis. Six research topics were identified and thoroughly analyzed. Results show that BIM, social network analysis, and web-based applications as means to digitalize stakeholder management are more mature than social media and VR/AR. An important finding is the need to reengineer and digitally transform processes in construction projects and construction firms to enable further digitalization and effectiveness of digital technologies. Suggestions for further studies follow this line of thought. Full article
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