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Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Resources and Sustainable Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2021) | Viewed by 30228

Special Issue Editors

Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: municipal solid waste; waste management; recycling; concrete
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Building Processes and Building Physics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: concrete technology; usage of waste materials in cement and concrete technology; properties of innovative cementitious materials; engineering of building processes
Department of Building Processes and Building Physics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: concrete technology; waste management; modification of concrete

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In general, waste generation and resource consumption are related to urbanization and population growth. Recently, increasing material consumption due to industrial growth has led to the rapid depletion of natural resources, including energy and raw materials. Additionally, with increasing population, urbanization and economic development, especially in developing countries, waste generation is increasing sharply. For most of this waste, effective uses have not been found, causing environmental degradation, a waste disposal crisis, and resource depletion.

Appropriate management of such waste is a deeply difficult technological challenge. Thus, sustainable waste utilization is a major concern for environmental protection and natural resource conservation.

A key to solving this problem is to develop a responsible waste management program based on the waste-generation hierarchy. This can prevent waste production via waste minimization and the use of waste as a substitute for primary materials, followed by various methods of waste disposal.

Responsible waste management is a basic form of protection against environment and resource depletion. In light of sustainable development policies, it has became vital to reduce the consumption of non-renewable raw materials and to reduce pollution by developing technologies to obtain energy from renewable sources. It is crucial to invent, develop, describe and promote actions that ensure suitable life conditions for the next generation. Hence, it is essential to promote sustainable management of waste and by-products; renewable energy production; new ways to decrease pollution; and other similar actions. The development of an efficient waste management approach will generate new opportunities for urban and environmental protection.

Therefore, we encourage you to submit articles covering the following issues:

  • Sustainable natural resource management.
  • Sustainable utilization of waste materials.
  • Waste management in line with the idea of closed-circuit management.
  • Non-conventional methods for waste material utilization.
  • Methods of hazardous material utilization.
  • Sewage treatment methods.
  • Evaluation of alternative energy systems.
  • Soil and water contamination and air pollution control, monitoring and limitation.
  • Sustainable land management.

Assoc. Prof. Mohamed Alwaeli
Dr. Małgorzata Gołaszewska
Dr. Jan Pizoń
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • waste management
  • waste utilization
  • concrete
  • sewage treatment
  • hazardous materials
  • alternative energy systems
  • environmental pollution abatement

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 1315 KiB  
Article
Unveiling the Efficiency of Psychrophillic Aporrectodea caliginosa in Deciphering the Nutrients from Dalweed and Cow Manure with Bio-Optimization of Coprolites
by Tahir Sheikh, Zahoor Baba, Sadaf Iqbal, Basharat Hamid, Fehim J. Wani, M. Anwar Bhat and Sheikh Suhail
Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 5338; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13105338 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
There is an immense demand for vermicomposting employing psychrophilic vermiculture (Aporrectodea caliginosa) for management of wastes under the Himalayan ecosystem. Dalweed (weeds from the world-famous urban Dal Lake) and cow manure (CM) are cheaply and abundantly available bio resources in Kashmir [...] Read more.
There is an immense demand for vermicomposting employing psychrophilic vermiculture (Aporrectodea caliginosa) for management of wastes under the Himalayan ecosystem. Dalweed (weeds from the world-famous urban Dal Lake) and cow manure (CM) are cheaply and abundantly available bio resources in Kashmir valley. Dalweed (DW), disposed of in the heart of the city, ascribes unpleasant effects on tourism and the natural ecosystem. Initial substrate mixtures of DW and CM with different ratios (CM100, DW100, CM80:DW20, CM60:DW40, CM40:DW60 and CM20:DW80) and castings harvested were analyzed for the following parameters: pH, TOC, TN, NO3- P, K, Fe, Zn, C:N, C:P, and C:S ratio. The results of a 56day study revealed in consistency and disparity towards the bio-optimization of coprolites depending upon the type of waste residue and mixture ratio used. Treatments with medium to low dalweed residues (CM60:DW40 followed by CM80:DW20) were found to be optimum and significantly primed chemical properties of castings using A. caligenosa. C:N, C:P, and C:S ratios showed a non-linear response with maximum decrease in C:N ratio by 35%, C:P ratio by 38% in CM100, and C:S ratio by 67% in DW100. Humification ratio, humification index, and percent humic acids were changed across all the treatments with the highest respective values of 21.33 ± 1.05, 11.33 ± 0.76, and 47.83 ± 0.76 for CM60:DW40. Results also showed that the earthworm population and biomass significantly increased with the highest respective increments of 57.53% and 74.88% in CM60:DW40 over initial values. Moreover, the highest number of cocoons (95.67 ± 1.17) were recorded within CM60:DW40 and the lowest in the control (43.33 ± 1.53). Dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate activities were inconsistent with the highest in CM40:DW60 (64.64%) and CM20:DW80 (63.54%) respectively over the initial substrates, while highest urease activity (74.40%) was observed from CM100. The results highlight the role of A. caliginosa in sustainable transformation of CM and DW with insightful, beneficial, and priming impacts on castings for its agronomic value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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19 pages, 4953 KiB  
Article
Application of Data Validation and Reconciliation to Improve Measurement Results in the Determination Process of Emission Characteristics in Co-Combustion of Sewage Sludge with Coal
by Michał Kozioł and Joachim Kozioł
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5300; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13095300 - 10 May 2021
Viewed by 1666
Abstract
One of the actions popularized worldwide to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels is the combustion of renewable fuels and the co-combustion of both of these fuels. To properly implement combustion and co-combustion processes in power-generation installations, operational characteristics, including emission characteristics are [...] Read more.
One of the actions popularized worldwide to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels is the combustion of renewable fuels and the co-combustion of both of these fuels. To properly implement combustion and co-combustion processes in power-generation installations, operational characteristics, including emission characteristics are required. To determine these characteristics, tests must be conducted, within the scope of which, for individual operating stages of the installation’s work, the readings collected from a relatively large number of control and measurement instruments should be taken into account. All these instruments have different levels of accuracy, which, among other factors, bring about lower adequacy of the characteristics determined on the basis of these measurements. The objective of this study is to present possible adaptations of data validation and reconciliation methods to increase the adequacy of emission characteristics for the process of co-combustion of fuels. The methodology is discussed based on the example of studies on the co-combustion process of sewage sludge with coal in a grate furnace. The aforementioned characteristics were determined based on measurement tests of gaseous emissions of flue gas components. The tests were carried out for various preset operational conditions of the process, such as the thickness of fuel layer on the grate, the share of sludge in the fuel, the humidity of the sludge, the theoretical ratio of excess air to combustion, and the distribution of air stream during the process. The research object is described and detailed research results concerning two exemplary measurement tests are given, as well as the most important results referring to the whole research. The performed calculations indicate the necessity to take into account often significant corrections, which can amount to about 10% of the measured value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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14 pages, 8670 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Nanosilver-Based Textile Products Using a Life Cycle Assessment
by Hani A. Abu-Qdais, Muna A. Abu-Dalo and Yazan Y. Hajeer
Sustainability 2021, 13(6), 3436; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13063436 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2895
Abstract
Due to their properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer products. The widespread use of these products leads to the release of such nanoparticles into the environment, during manufacturing, use, and disposal stages. Currently there is a high margin of uncertainty [...] Read more.
Due to their properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer products. The widespread use of these products leads to the release of such nanoparticles into the environment, during manufacturing, use, and disposal stages. Currently there is a high margin of uncertainty about the impacts of nano products on the environment and human health. Therefore, different approaches including life cycle assessment (LCA) are being used to evaluate the environmental and health impacts of these products. In this paper, a comparison between four different AgNP synthesis methods was conducted. In addition, four textile products that contain AgNPs were subjected to comparison using LCA analysis to assess their environmental and public health impacts using SimaPro modeling platform. Study results indicate that using alternative methods (green) to AgNPs synthesis will not necessarily reduce the environmental impacts of the synthesizing process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has compared and assessed the environmental burdens associated with different nanosilver-based textile products at different disposal scenarios. The synthesis of 1 kg of AgNPs using modified Tollens’ method resulted in 580 kg CO2 eq, while 531 kg CO2 eq resulted from the chemical approach. Furthermore, the manufacturing stage had the highest overall impacts as compared to other processes during the life cycle of the product, while the product utilization and disposal stages had the highest impacts on ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis revealed that under the two disposal scenarios of incineration and landfilling, the impacts were sensitive to the amount of AgNPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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14 pages, 2101 KiB  
Article
Influence of Solar Concentrator in the Form of Luminescent PMMA on the Performance of a Silicon Cell
by Bartłomiej Milewicz, Magdalena Bogacka and Krzysztof Pikoń
Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 2086; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13042086 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1377
Abstract
The methods of production of electricity from renewable sources are currently highly researched topics. The reason for this is growing social awareness regarding the environmental impact of traditional energy technologies. The main aim of this study is to describe the results of using [...] Read more.
The methods of production of electricity from renewable sources are currently highly researched topics. The reason for this is growing social awareness regarding the environmental impact of traditional energy technologies. The main aim of this study is to describe the results of using silicon cell technology and dye concentrator in a single system. The experiment presented in the paper was conducted in a laboratory environment using a dye concentrator in the form of tinted and luminescent acrylic glass (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA). The experiment was conducted using a few measurement calibrations for the described system, such as different temperatures of the researched silicon cell or different intensity of illuminance from a solar simulator. The results of the experiment showed increase in the performance of the solar cell between 0.05% and 1.42% depending on the pigments used in the concentrator. The highest results were achieved for luminescent red PMMA and on average the improvement was 1.21%. This shows us the potential for the implementation of a luminescent dye concentrator in solar electric technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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19 pages, 3332 KiB  
Article
Discarded Cathode Ray Tube Glass as an Alternative for Aggregate in a Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer
by Natalia Wielgus, Marcin Górski and Jan Kubica
Sustainability 2021, 13(2), 479; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13020479 - 06 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1880
Abstract
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass belongs to the group of wastes which are hard to be recycled due to their toxic metals content. Geopolymers are relatively new environmentally friendly materials which allow for the use of different types of wastes within their matrix. [...] Read more.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass belongs to the group of wastes which are hard to be recycled due to their toxic metals content. Geopolymers are relatively new environmentally friendly materials which allow for the use of different types of wastes within their matrix. The following paper combines both issues and presents a new geopolymer mixture containing discarded CRT glass as a replacement for an aggregate. The main goal of the paper is to describe the basic mechanical behavior of the new type of metakaolin-based geopolymer and to discuss different factors influencing it. After the preliminary research, the mixture containing 50% of CRT glass was chosen for further tests. However, according to results, CRT glass content has no evident influence on flexural or compressive strength. Summarizing the second part of the research, it was decided that the following parameters are optimal from the mechanical, economic and environmental points of view: metakaolin to CRT glass ratio 1:1 (by mass), CRT glass of size up to 4 mm, curing at the room temperature, sodium hydroxide concentration 10 mol/L. According to the authors, the presented geopolymer is a promising building material. Further tests shall be done to describe new material more precisely. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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14 pages, 1016 KiB  
Article
Co-Composting of Khat-Derived Biochar with Municipal Solid Waste: A Sustainable Practice of Waste Management
by Zewdu Abebe Tessfaw, Abebe Beyene, Amsalu Nebiyu, Krzysztof Pikoń and Marcin Landrat
Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10668; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su122410668 - 21 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3535
Abstract
Biochar is a way to improve the performance of the composting process and the quality of compost. This study was aimed to investigate the optimum ratio of khat straw (Catha edulis) biochar and organic municipal solid waste mixtures to improve the [...] Read more.
Biochar is a way to improve the performance of the composting process and the quality of compost. This study was aimed to investigate the optimum ratio of khat straw (Catha edulis) biochar and organic municipal solid waste mixtures to improve the quality of the resulting co-composts. Khat-derived biochar during pyrolysis at 350 °C was added to organic municipal solid waste mix and four co-composting treatments were prepared with the compositions (% w/w): control compost (no biochar) and 5%, 15%, and 25% co-composted biochar in three replicates. The total organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium values ranged as 16.76–21.45%, 30.77–40.26%, 0.97–1.68%, 0.58–0.76%, and 12.72–15.29%, respectively. The results confirmed that 5% and 15% co-composted khat biochars had significantly reduced (p < 0.05) organic matter loss and increased the contents of cation exchange capacity, pH, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to the control compost, while some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, and Mn) and EC values in co-composted biochars are lower than the control compost. Khat-derived biochar could be added to municipal organic waste mix at 5–15% (w/w) in order to get better quality of compost, which can be used as biofertilizer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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13 pages, 1913 KiB  
Article
PV Waste Thermal Treatment According to the Circular Economy Concept
by Magdalena Bogacka, Martyna Potempa, Bartłomiej Milewicz, Dariusz Lewandowski, Krzysztof Pikoń, Katarzyna Klejnowska, Piotr Sobik and Edyta Misztal
Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10562; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su122410562 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2642
Abstract
Photovoltaic panels (PV) are one of the most popular technological solutions used to produce green renewable energy. They are known as green technology, but by analyzing a life cycle of a common panel, we can find out that production of these panels is [...] Read more.
Photovoltaic panels (PV) are one of the most popular technological solutions used to produce green renewable energy. They are known as green technology, but by analyzing a life cycle of a common panel, we can find out that production of these panels is strictly associated with generation of a large waste stream. PV modules are constantly modified and, therefore, it is required to consider the impact of the applied materials on the environment during the whole lifecycle of the product. The most important aspect of the assessment of a life cycle of a photovoltaic module in the phase of decommissioning is material recycling. The process of material recycling is very difficult, due to the lamination used in the currently exploited technology. This paper presents the results of pyrolysis for a sample of a silicon module. The results of the presented research show a weight loss of 48.16 in case of the tested samples. This paper presents the outcome of a quantitative analysis of the content of polycyclic aromatic for liquid and concentrations of Br, Cl and F for a gaseous fraction of pyrolysis products. The goal of the research presented in the paper was to find the optimal parameters for thermal separation, as well as the influence of the energy consumption and materials separation efficiency on the final thermal efficiency of the process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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17 pages, 2690 KiB  
Article
Lignite Improved the Quality of Composted Manure and Mitigated Emissions of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases during Forced Aeration Composting
by Robert Impraim, Anthony Weatherley, Trevor Coates, Deli Chen and Helen Suter
Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10528; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su122410528 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Lignite amendment of livestock manure is considered a viable ammonia (NH3) emission mitigation technique. However, its impact on the subsequent composting of the manure has not been well studied. This work compared changes in biochemical parameters (e.g., organic matter loss and [...] Read more.
Lignite amendment of livestock manure is considered a viable ammonia (NH3) emission mitigation technique. However, its impact on the subsequent composting of the manure has not been well studied. This work compared changes in biochemical parameters (e.g., organic matter loss and nitrogen (N) transformation) and also the emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases (GHGs) between lignite-amended and unamended cattle manure during forced aeration composting. Amending manure with lignite did not alter the time to compost stability despite delaying the onset of the thermophilic temperatures. Lignite treatments retained N in the manure by suppressing NH3 loss by 35–54%, resulting in lignite-amended manure composts having 10–19% more total N than the unamended compost. Relative to manure only, lignites reduced GHG emissions over the composting period: nitrous oxide (N2O) (58–72%), carbon dioxide (CO2) (12–23%) and methane (CH4) (52–59%). Low levels of CH4 and N2O emissions were observed and this was attributed to the continuous forced aeration system used in the composting. Lignite addition also improved the germination index of the final compost: 90–113% compared to 71% for manure only. These findings suggest that lignite amendment of manure has the potential to improve the quality of the final compost whilst mitigating the environmental release of NH3 and GHGs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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14 pages, 3142 KiB  
Article
Study on the Similarity of the Parameters of Biomass and Solid Waste Fuel Combustion for the Needs of Thermal Power Engineering
by Tomasz J. Jaworski and Małgorzata Kajda-Szcześniak
Sustainability 2020, 12(19), 7894; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12197894 - 24 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1873
Abstract
The topic raised in this paper concerns an important aspect regarding the possibilities of the combustion and co-combustion of biomass substrates (energetic willow/sewage sludge), in light of the renewable energy source (RES) regulations, with fuel from waste defined here as RDF. Particular interest [...] Read more.
The topic raised in this paper concerns an important aspect regarding the possibilities of the combustion and co-combustion of biomass substrates (energetic willow/sewage sludge), in light of the renewable energy source (RES) regulations, with fuel from waste defined here as RDF. Particular interest in these fuels and their mixtures results from a search by the thermal power engineering sector for fuels whose combustion will be associated with benefits, e.g., the acquisition of energy origin licenses, availability and lower cost of obtaining fuel (RDF), as well as moderate investment contributions using the existing base of coal grate boilers. This article indicates the possible variants of the combustion and co-combustion of the abovementioned fuels, referring to the use of technical and technological capabilities of coal grate furnaces. It was possible by comparing the mechanical and thermal load of grates, as well as so-called indicators for the quantitative assessment of combustion (i.e., ignition rate and mass loss rate). The result of the combustion of the fuel as above in a laboratory-scale furnace (samples weighing up to 1 kg), as well as their thermogravimetric analysis, indicates a great similarity of the mass loss curve, temperature profiles and combustion phases, as well as indicators of a quantitative assessment in the process of biomass and RDF oxidation. The obtained results of the mechanical and thermal load capacity of the grates constitute the basis for further analyses of fuel conversion, without the risk of thermal and/or mechanical grate overload. Relying on the research of the indicators for the quantitative assessment of combustion, it was found that the combustion process of the tested fuels could be carried out while maintaining the quality of burning the fuel layer. Based on the conducted research, it can be assumed that it is possible to replace coal fuels with biomass, RDF fuel, sewage sludge using coal furnaces for their combustion, which means a hybrid nature of the furnace due to the type of fuel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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12 pages, 3350 KiB  
Article
Effects of Zeolite and Biochar Addition on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea Communities during Agricultural Waste Composting
by Xin Wu, Liheng Ren, Jiachao Zhang and Hui Peng
Sustainability 2020, 12(16), 6336; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su12166336 - 06 Aug 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2569
Abstract
The effects of zeolite and biochar addition on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) communities during agricultural waste composting were determined in this study. Four treatments were conducted as follows: Treatment A as the control with no additive, Treatment B with 5% of [...] Read more.
The effects of zeolite and biochar addition on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) communities during agricultural waste composting were determined in this study. Four treatments were conducted as follows: Treatment A as the control with no additive, Treatment B with 5% of zeolite, Treatment C with 5% of biochar, and Treatment D with 5% of zeolite and 5% biochar, respectively. The AOB and AOA amoA gene abundance as well as the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity were estimated by quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The relationship between gene abundance and AMO enzyme activity was determined by regression analysis. Results indicated that the AOB was more abundant than that of AOA throughout the composting process. Addition of biochar and its integrated application with zeolite promoted the AOB community abundance and AMO enzyme activity. Significant positive relationships were obtained between AMO enzyme activity and AOB community abundance (r2 = 0.792; P < 0.01) and AOA community abundance (r2 = 0.772; P < 0.01), indicating that both bacteria and archaea played significant roles in microbial ammonia oxidation during composting. Using biochar and zeolite might promote the nitrification activity by altering the sample properties during agricultural waste composting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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Review

Jump to: Research

30 pages, 15427 KiB  
Review
Membrane Purification Techniques for Recovery of Succinic Acid Obtained from Fermentation Broth during Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Current Advances and Future Perspectives
by Olawumi O. Sadare, Olayile Ejekwu, Moloko F. Moshokoa, Monsurat O. Jimoh and Michael O. Daramola
Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6794; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su13126794 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4126
Abstract
Recently, the bioconversion of biomass into biofuels and biocommodities has received significant attention. Although green technologies for biofuel and biocommodity production are advancing, the productivity and yield from these techniques are low. Over the past years, various recovery and purification techniques have been [...] Read more.
Recently, the bioconversion of biomass into biofuels and biocommodities has received significant attention. Although green technologies for biofuel and biocommodity production are advancing, the productivity and yield from these techniques are low. Over the past years, various recovery and purification techniques have been developed and successfully employed to improve these technologies. However, these technologies still require improvement regarding the energy-consumption-related costs, low yield and product purity. In the context of sustainable green production, this review presents a broad review of membrane purification technologies/methods for succinic acid, a biocommodity obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. In addition, a short overview of the global market for sustainable green chemistry and circular economy systems or zero waste approach towards a sustainable waste management is presented. Succinic acid, the available feedstocks for its production and its industrial applications are also highlighted. Downstream separation processes of succinic acid and the current studies on different downstream processing techniques are critically reviewed. Furthermore, critical analysis of membrane-based downstream processes of succinic acid production from fermentation broth is highlighted. A short review of the integrated-membrane-based process is discussed, as well, because integrating “one-pot” lignocellulosic bioconversion to succinic acid with downstream separation processing is considered a critical issue to address. In conclusion, speculations on outlook are suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Sustainable Waste Management)
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