Research

10 pages, 267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tourism and Poverty Reduction in Mexico: An ARDL Cointegration Approach

by Jorge Garza-Rodriguez

Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 845; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11030845 - 06 Feb 2019

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6648

The objective of this paper was to investigate, with respect to the case of Mexico, the relationship between international tourism and the magnitude of poverty during the period of 1980–2017, through the use of an autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) cointegration model with a [...] Read more.

The objective of this paper was to investigate, with respect to the case of Mexico, the relationship between international tourism and the magnitude of poverty during the period of 1980–2017, through the use of an autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) cointegration model with a structural break. The econometric results obtained in this paper indicate that there is a long-term relationship between international tourism and the reduction of poverty. It was found that for every 1% increase in international tourism, household consumption per capita increases 0.46% (and, therefore, poverty decreases). In the short term, it was found that a 1% increase in international tourism leads to a 0.11% increase in household consumption per capita (a decrease in poverty). The coefficient of the error correction model indicates that 23.9% of any movement into disequilibrium is corrected within one year. To corroborate these results, a Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality test was carried out, indicating a unidirectional causality relationship from international tourism towards the reduction of poverty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

16 pages, 452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Sustainable Room for Growth for a Particular Romanian Tourism Area of Business: The Case of Accommodation Businesses

by Sorin-Romulus Berinde and Adrian-Gabriel Corpădean

Sustainability 2019, 11(1), 243; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su11010243 - 06 Jan 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3168

Abstract

In recent years, the Romanian accommodation business sector has recorded a dramatic increase in accommodation units, but even under these circumstances it is below half of the average registered by the European Union. The study aims to evaluate whether there is still room [...] Read more.

In recent years, the Romanian accommodation business sector has recorded a dramatic increase in accommodation units, but even under these circumstances it is below half of the average registered by the European Union. The study aims to evaluate whether there is still room for sustainable growth in this regard. For this purpose, the accounting–financial indicators have been assessed for an annual average of 3447 companies reporting every year to the European Union for 18 years, between 1999 and 2016, for all the accommodation units in Romania and the European Union. For data processing and to assess sustainable growth, we have used simple regression and resorted to the distance method and the geometric mean method to analyze competitiveness. The findings show a likelihood of sustainable growth of 20.6% in the development of Romanian accommodation businesses, in the light of the aspects analyzed, correlated to the EU average. Some managerial decision-making suggestions are provided at the end of the paper for accommodation businesses’ sustainable growth, related to accounting–financial issues. For Romanian businesses, sustainable growth is promoted by the low level of staff costs and, to a lesser extent, by the investments made per employed person. For the corporate governance of these companies to recover growth space in terms of sustainability, managerial decisions should be taken to increase sales, profitability, production value and added value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

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19 pages, 310 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Driving Forces of Innovation in the MSEs: The Case of the Sustainable B&B Tourism Industry

by Chia-Wei Liu and Jen-Son Cheng

Sustainability 2018, 10(11), 3983; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su10113983 - 31 Oct 2018

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4977

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the driving forces of innovation in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the tourism industry and to understand how these drivers help allocate and utilize resources, thereby increasing innovations’ success and sustainable development. This study [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study is to explore the driving forces of innovation in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the tourism industry and to understand how these drivers help allocate and utilize resources, thereby increasing innovations’ success and sustainable development. This study focused on Taiwan’s bed and breakfast (B&B) industry. In-depth interviews were conducted with the owners of 20 B&Bs that displayed innovation activities and were selected following a strict evaluation procedure. A content analysis was then performed to obtain the seven driving forces of innovation: B&B owners’ lifestyles, customers, market information, external knowledge, business expansion needs, policy, and familiar partners. The results show that the B&B owners’ lifestyles and customers are key drivers of innovation. On the other hand, employees, family and friends are less frequently mentioned. Our results can serve as a reference for innovation in both the B&B industry and MSEs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

12 pages, 237 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Rural Policies Impact on Tourism Development in Italy? A Case Study of Agritourism

by Vincenzo Giaccio, Luigi Mastronardi, Davide Marino, Agostino Giannelli and Alfonso Scardera

Sustainability 2018, 10(8), 2938; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082938 - 18 Aug 2018

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5087

Abstract

This paper investigates how and to what extent European and national policies have financed Italian agritourism. It analyses financial support derived from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (First and Second Pillar) and national and local subsidies. For this purpose, the authors have proposed [...] Read more.

This paper investigates how and to what extent European and national policies have financed Italian agritourism. It analyses financial support derived from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (First and Second Pillar) and national and local subsidies. For this purpose, the authors have proposed a comparative analysis between Italian agritourism and farms without tourism activities, by stressing the distribution of public financial supports concerning the 2007–2013 programming period of the European Union (EU) for Rural Development. The empirical analysis is based on the Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) dataset. The data were stratified by altimetry zone and farm size. Descriptive statistics and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for each group were used. The main results show how the Second Pillar has mainly supported small and medium-sized farms with tourism activities and located in disadvantaged areas. This study could be useful to policymakers regarding the evaluation of the mission for diversification in agriculture, represented here by the carrying out of tourist activities on farms and the contribution for the retention of small-scale farms in marginal areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

21 pages, 2908 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Urban Transformations as an Indicator of Unsustainability in the P2P Mass Tourism Phenomenon: The Airbnb Case in Spain through Three Case Studies

by Salvador Garcia-Ayllon

Sustainability 2018, 10(8), 2933; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su10082933 - 18 Aug 2018

Cited by 63 | Viewed by 8701

Abstract

Globalization and the development of the so-called “collaborative economies” has coincided with an important transformation of mass tourism in the last decades. This phenomenon has been accentuated enormously in many European cities in recent years, generating a new P2P tourist model. The situation [...] Read more.

Globalization and the development of the so-called “collaborative economies” has coincided with an important transformation of mass tourism in the last decades. This phenomenon has been accentuated enormously in many European cities in recent years, generating a new P2P tourist model. The situation is having a strong social impact on the urban transformation of cities, and its characteristics are closely related to real estate speculative movements. In this sense, the analysis of urban transformation can offer interesting conclusions about the sustainability of these new tourist models in large touristic cities. In this article, we will analyse the effect associated with of so-called phenomena of “tourist flats” from the Airbnb portal in the cities of Madrid, Barcelona, and Palma de Mallorca. Through the use of GIS indicators and geostatistic analysis of spatial correlation, the current incidence of this phenomenon in these cities, and possible future scenarios of maintaining the current trend, will be evaluated and discussed. The results obtained show worrying indicators in relation to the economic and social sustainability of the current urban-tourist model created in the city which are linked to gentrification processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

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23 pages, 3402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tourism and Sustainability: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis

by Fernando J. Garrigos-Simon, Yeamduan Narangajavana-Kaosiri and Ismael Lengua-Lengua

Sustainability 2018, 10(6), 1976; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su10061976 - 12 Jun 2018

Cited by 111 | Viewed by 10014

Abstract

Sustainability is a growing research topic in tourism due to the importance of environmental and social issues, and the maintenance of patrimony and other facilities to conserve the potential of tourism destinations. Specifically, sustainability in tourism is crucial in order to guarantee a [...] Read more.

Sustainability is a growing research topic in tourism due to the importance of environmental and social issues, and the maintenance of patrimony and other facilities to conserve the potential of tourism destinations. Specifically, sustainability in tourism is crucial in order to guarantee a consistent development of destinations, measured by growth in income and employment. This relevance has been translated into an explosive growth in the sustainability literature regarding tourism, income, and employment. However, there is a lack of bibliometric and visualization research on tourism sustainability (TS), and specifically on its relationship with income and employment. This paper aims to present a bibliometric overview of TS research, and specifically TS related to income and employment. The current work analyzed 2279 references collected from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database and used the visualization of similarities (VOS)viewer program to graphically map the material. The study used co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-authorship analyses. The results identify the development status and the leading trends in terms of impact, main journals, papers, topics, authors, institutions, and countries. The analysis and graphical presentations are relevant, as they can help researchers and practitioners better understand the state of the art of TS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

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14 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency Assessment of Inbound Tourist Service Using Data Envelopment Analysis

by Han-Shen Chen, Bi-Kun Tsai, Gwo-Bao Liou and Chi-Ming Hsieh

Sustainability 2018, 10(6), 1866; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su10061866 - 04 Jun 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3077

Abstract

The successful and sustainable development of inbound tourism necessitates a long-term commitment, balancing between tourism supply and tourist demands. This study manipulated a performance appraisal of tourism service quality in Taiwan with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) by employing input and output constructs to [...] Read more.

The successful and sustainable development of inbound tourism necessitates a long-term commitment, balancing between tourism supply and tourist demands. This study manipulated a performance appraisal of tourism service quality in Taiwan with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) by employing input and output constructs to assess service quality efficiency. The empirical results of the estimation of technical efficiency (TE) revealed that (1) the domestic tourism market is competitive, but still needs enhancements for tourism service; (2) Mainland Chinese tourists had the highest score among all foreign tourists, followed by Hong Kong and Macau tourists, tourists from other countries, Japanese tourists, and South Korean tourists; and (3) South Korean tourists had higher travel expenditure than others, but felt less satisfaction with travel services, which can be regarded as inefficient. Tourists from other countries had lower travel expenditure, but had higher satisfaction levels, which was considered efficient based on input and output index. The findings could contribute to bridging the gap between research and practice in assessing the efficiency of inbound tourist service. Tourism practitioners should be aware of tourists’ needs and interests, as these could be key fundamentals for improving tourists’ satisfaction with Taiwan’s service offerings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

20 pages, 10335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measurement and Prediction of Regional Tourism Sustainability: An Analysis of the Yangtze River Economic Zone, China

by Canmian Liu, Ruyun Zhang, Min Wang and Jing Xu

Sustainability 2018, 10(5), 1321; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su10051321 - 24 Apr 2018

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 4545

Abstract

In view of sustainable development of tourism, this paper firstly constructs a more comprehensive and scientific index system from the economical/societal/resource-related/environmental aspects of tourism and evaluates the sustainable and comprehensive development level of tourism in 11 provinces and cities of the Yangtze River [...] Read more.

In view of sustainable development of tourism, this paper firstly constructs a more comprehensive and scientific index system from the economical/societal/resource-related/environmental aspects of tourism and evaluates the sustainable and comprehensive development level of tourism in 11 provinces and cities of the Yangtze River economic zone by using the weighted TOPSIS (The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution ) method; secondly, it analyzes the coupling coordination evolution relationship between tourism and the economy/society/resources/environment in different provinces and cities of the Yangtze river economic zone based on the coupling coordination model from the spatio-temporal dimension; and finally, it predicts the coupling coordination degree of the provinces and cities in the region in the next few years by the grey model (1,1) and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. According to the study, this method provides an effective reference to the study on the sustainable development of tourism and is very significant for learning the sustainable development of regional tourism and establishing specific and scientific countermeasures for improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

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20 pages, 2368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Livelihood Assets-Based Spatial Differentiation of the Income of Natural Tourism Communities

by Jinhai Ma, Jie Zhang, Li Li, Zhanjing Zeng, Jingrong Sun, Qilou (Bill) Zhou and Yuling Zhang

Sustainability 2018, 10(2), 353; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su10020353 - 30 Jan 2018

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 13957

Abstract

Livelihood assets have a significant impact on the livelihood options and income of tourism communities. The level of tourism development and the type of natural tourism communities often exhibit spatial differences. By using the method of sustainable livelihood and examining the main factors [...] Read more.

Livelihood assets have a significant impact on the livelihood options and income of tourism communities. The level of tourism development and the type of natural tourism communities often exhibit spatial differences. By using the method of sustainable livelihood and examining the main factors that affect community income from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity, it is possible to identify the livelihood assets that play the most critical role in the development of sustainable livelihoods and income generation in the community, which helps provide more reasonable advice on tourism destination management. In this article, we conducted a case study on 16 communities in and around Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China, and divided the communities into three types, i.e., core attraction areas, service support areas, and secondary service support areas, according to the geographical and spatial characteristics, tourism development level, and livelihood type. The participatory assessment method was adopted to obtain in-depth interviews and questionnaire data from 256 rural households, which was utilized to construct four multivariate regression models to investigate the effect of livelihood assets on community income and the spatial difference of the factors that affect community income. The results showed that (1) livelihood assets exert a significant impact on community income in tourist areas, with a remarkable spatial difference; (2) the types of livelihoods and the effective utilization of livelihood assets have a significant impact on farmers’ incomes; (3) the type and amount of livelihood assets have a certain impact on the choice of livelihood; and (4) a farmer’s livelihood type determines the utilization method and the effective utilization of livelihood assets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment and Income Growth from Sustainable Tourism)

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